the mirror system hypothesis: from a macaque
... S2: A mirror system for grasping, shared with the common ancestor of human and monkey. S3: A system for simple imitation of grasping shared with the common ancestor of human and chimpanzee. The next 3 stages distinguish the hominid line from that of the great apes: S4: A complex imitation system for ...
... S2: A mirror system for grasping, shared with the common ancestor of human and monkey. S3: A system for simple imitation of grasping shared with the common ancestor of human and chimpanzee. The next 3 stages distinguish the hominid line from that of the great apes: S4: A complex imitation system for ...
The nervous system is a complex collection of nerves and
... The nervous system is composed of all nerve tissues in the body. The functions of nerve tissue are to receive stimuli, transmit stimuli to nervous centers, and to initiate response. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and serves as the collection point of nerve impulses. ...
... The nervous system is composed of all nerve tissues in the body. The functions of nerve tissue are to receive stimuli, transmit stimuli to nervous centers, and to initiate response. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and serves as the collection point of nerve impulses. ...
The Central Visual System
... From Single Neurons to Perception From Photoreceptors to Grandmother Cells Grandmother cells: Face-selective neurons in area IT? Probably not: Perception is not based on the activity of individual, higher order cells Parallel Processing and Perception Groups of cortical areas contribute to the perc ...
... From Single Neurons to Perception From Photoreceptors to Grandmother Cells Grandmother cells: Face-selective neurons in area IT? Probably not: Perception is not based on the activity of individual, higher order cells Parallel Processing and Perception Groups of cortical areas contribute to the perc ...
fMRI sample and movement - Open Research Exeter
... has not yet been examined. Thus, adolescence may offer a particularly fruitful developmental window to change the cognitive mechanisms contributing to depression [14]. The technology offered by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for the examination of potential neural mechanisms in ...
... has not yet been examined. Thus, adolescence may offer a particularly fruitful developmental window to change the cognitive mechanisms contributing to depression [14]. The technology offered by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for the examination of potential neural mechanisms in ...
Toward a Developmental Evolutionary Psychology
... & Reichert, 1999; Reichert & Simeone, 1999). Given the enormous differences in neuroanatomy between vertebrates and invertebrates, their brains were long thought to be unrelated with little obvious homology. However, at a deeper, molecular level they are remarkably similar in that homologous regulat ...
... & Reichert, 1999; Reichert & Simeone, 1999). Given the enormous differences in neuroanatomy between vertebrates and invertebrates, their brains were long thought to be unrelated with little obvious homology. However, at a deeper, molecular level they are remarkably similar in that homologous regulat ...
Natural Antioxidants May Prevent Posttraumatic Epilepsy: A
... or cat sensorimotor cortex by stereotaxic procedures Anticonvulsant effects of NO have been documented results in chronic recurrent focal paroxysmal electroenceas well. Anticonvulsant effects have been reported in phalographic discharges as well as behavioral convulsions kainateinduced seizures[26-29] ...
... or cat sensorimotor cortex by stereotaxic procedures Anticonvulsant effects of NO have been documented results in chronic recurrent focal paroxysmal electroenceas well. Anticonvulsant effects have been reported in phalographic discharges as well as behavioral convulsions kainateinduced seizures[26-29] ...
Somatosensory cortex functional connectivity
... within a single functionally defined cortical region. This spatial scale aligns well with the spatial resolution achievable with non-invasive methods. More importantly, it is consistent with the well-known and anatomically traceable functional connections that spread laterally across the nongranular ...
... within a single functionally defined cortical region. This spatial scale aligns well with the spatial resolution achievable with non-invasive methods. More importantly, it is consistent with the well-known and anatomically traceable functional connections that spread laterally across the nongranular ...
PRENATAL AND EARLY POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS OF THE
... vertical plane transverse to the precentral gyrus. Thus, the human motor cortex has within its predominantly horizontal pattern of neurons some that are vertically oriented. The existence of functional vertical columns within the cerebral cortex is a relatively recent neurophysiological concept. In ...
... vertical plane transverse to the precentral gyrus. Thus, the human motor cortex has within its predominantly horizontal pattern of neurons some that are vertically oriented. The existence of functional vertical columns within the cerebral cortex is a relatively recent neurophysiological concept. In ...
Functional and Dysfunctional Aspects of the Cerebral Cortex
... their innervating sensory neurons, which are endowed with specificity, that is to say are able to transform definite kinds of external stimuli into complex electrical and chemical phenomena, depending on the nature and strength of the stimulus, and convey patterned action potentials (coded information ...
... their innervating sensory neurons, which are endowed with specificity, that is to say are able to transform definite kinds of external stimuli into complex electrical and chemical phenomena, depending on the nature and strength of the stimulus, and convey patterned action potentials (coded information ...
Chapter 02 - Neurons and Glia
... to the axon terminals; it is also taken up by axon terminals at the site of injection and transported retrogradely to the cells that project to the injected site.) 2) How is the HRP visualized? (By use of a chemical reaction.) 3) How do the herpes virus or rabies virus use retrograde transport to th ...
... to the axon terminals; it is also taken up by axon terminals at the site of injection and transported retrogradely to the cells that project to the injected site.) 2) How is the HRP visualized? (By use of a chemical reaction.) 3) How do the herpes virus or rabies virus use retrograde transport to th ...
Segregation and convergence of specialised pathways in
... 1984; Gattass et al. 1988). The injections in V5 were aimed at a topographically equivalent region, identified by prior physiological recordings; the headstage assembly was then replaced in the micromanipulator by the injection syringe, the syringe tip placed over the observed site of electrode entr ...
... 1984; Gattass et al. 1988). The injections in V5 were aimed at a topographically equivalent region, identified by prior physiological recordings; the headstage assembly was then replaced in the micromanipulator by the injection syringe, the syringe tip placed over the observed site of electrode entr ...
Use of a Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus to
... However, it is more than likely that the changes in the cortical representational maps are consequences of molecular biological and biochemical changes in the neurons and the glial cells and in their connections. It has been found, for instance, that n7x leads not only to the activation of astrocyte ...
... However, it is more than likely that the changes in the cortical representational maps are consequences of molecular biological and biochemical changes in the neurons and the glial cells and in their connections. It has been found, for instance, that n7x leads not only to the activation of astrocyte ...
Connection Patterns Distinguish 3 Regions of Human Parietal Cortex
... tractography is then used to generate estimates of the likelihood of a pathway existing between two brain areas (Behrens, Woolrich, and others 2003; Hagmann and others 2003; Parker and Alexander 2003; Tournier and others 2003). The DWI tractography approach has been used to identify areas of the hum ...
... tractography is then used to generate estimates of the likelihood of a pathway existing between two brain areas (Behrens, Woolrich, and others 2003; Hagmann and others 2003; Parker and Alexander 2003; Tournier and others 2003). The DWI tractography approach has been used to identify areas of the hum ...
Hasson-JNeurosci2008.. - Center for Neural Science
... area) to two movie presentations (e.g., two repeated presentations of the same forward movie). In the time-reversal experiment, correlation coefficients were calculated between the responses to the following conditions: the first and second presentations of the original, forward movie (CF1:F2); the ...
... area) to two movie presentations (e.g., two repeated presentations of the same forward movie). In the time-reversal experiment, correlation coefficients were calculated between the responses to the following conditions: the first and second presentations of the original, forward movie (CF1:F2); the ...
Preview Sample 1
... 2. A gene is a small segment of DNA that carries directions for a particular trait or group of traits. a. Each human chromosome contains thousands of genes in fixed locations. iii. Human genome: The full complement of genes within a human cell 1. Human Genome Project: goal is to map all 23 pairs of ...
... 2. A gene is a small segment of DNA that carries directions for a particular trait or group of traits. a. Each human chromosome contains thousands of genes in fixed locations. iii. Human genome: The full complement of genes within a human cell 1. Human Genome Project: goal is to map all 23 pairs of ...
A Neural Mass Model to Simulate Different Rhythms in a Cortical
... encountered in vivo during motor and cognitive tasks. Finally, we studied the effect of the long range connections between two neural regions (see Figure 5). The simulations show that, using identical connection strengths (second and third line), the effect on the PSD is completely different, depending ...
... encountered in vivo during motor and cognitive tasks. Finally, we studied the effect of the long range connections between two neural regions (see Figure 5). The simulations show that, using identical connection strengths (second and third line), the effect on the PSD is completely different, depending ...
prenatal formation of cortical input and development of
... A small contingent of corticostriatal axons reaches both the caudate nucleus and the putamen by the 69th embryonic day (E69) of the 165-day gestation period in this species and steadily expands over the next 3 fetal months. Throughout this period, ipsilateral prefrontostriatal connections predominat ...
... A small contingent of corticostriatal axons reaches both the caudate nucleus and the putamen by the 69th embryonic day (E69) of the 165-day gestation period in this species and steadily expands over the next 3 fetal months. Throughout this period, ipsilateral prefrontostriatal connections predominat ...
Parietal cortex neurons of the monkey related to the visual guidance
... Microelectrode penetrations were made mainly in the posterior bank of the intraparietal sulcus. Eye movements were recorded using the magnetic search coil technique (Robinson 1963; Judge et al. 1980), monitored with an oscilloscope and sampled by the A/D converter every 10 ms (Fig. 1 EM). We used vi ...
... Microelectrode penetrations were made mainly in the posterior bank of the intraparietal sulcus. Eye movements were recorded using the magnetic search coil technique (Robinson 1963; Judge et al. 1980), monitored with an oscilloscope and sampled by the A/D converter every 10 ms (Fig. 1 EM). We used vi ...
How do Migraines Happen
... Moreover, the changes in cerebral blood flow that reflect the phases of cortical excitation and subsequent inhibition in migraine sufferers with aura have also been seen in people who experience migraine without aura; those patients, too, show a large increase in blood flow followed by normal or red ...
... Moreover, the changes in cerebral blood flow that reflect the phases of cortical excitation and subsequent inhibition in migraine sufferers with aura have also been seen in people who experience migraine without aura; those patients, too, show a large increase in blood flow followed by normal or red ...
The Neuromodulatory Basis of Emotion
... emotion on behavior can be studied in a comprehensive manner. Most of the current work focuses on identifying neural structures responsible for the experience or expression of particular emotions. The purpose of this article is to propose an alternative approach, rooting emotion not in particular st ...
... emotion on behavior can be studied in a comprehensive manner. Most of the current work focuses on identifying neural structures responsible for the experience or expression of particular emotions. The purpose of this article is to propose an alternative approach, rooting emotion not in particular st ...
Johsua Kani - How Genomic Analysis is Changing the Theory of Stress and Aging
... lessening of connections between neurons of different brain regions. The myelin that serves as an insulator for action potentials through axons begins to deteriorate, and the communication system of the brain also begins to fail. These structural alterations that take place in the brain explain why ...
... lessening of connections between neurons of different brain regions. The myelin that serves as an insulator for action potentials through axons begins to deteriorate, and the communication system of the brain also begins to fail. These structural alterations that take place in the brain explain why ...
Summary - Publikationsserver UB Marburg
... One aim of this study was, to determine the dopamine-mediated autoreceptorresponse of dopaminergic midbrain neurons in animal models using young mice (Mus musculus L.). The crucial parts of the autoreceptor-response signal transduction where molecular identified by using qualitative PCR. Therefore t ...
... One aim of this study was, to determine the dopamine-mediated autoreceptorresponse of dopaminergic midbrain neurons in animal models using young mice (Mus musculus L.). The crucial parts of the autoreceptor-response signal transduction where molecular identified by using qualitative PCR. Therefore t ...
LETTER RECOGNITION USING BACKPROPAGATION ALGORITHM
... input/output as a result of changes that happens in its environment. Since activation algorithm usually determined during development of the neural network, plus input/output cannot be changed, we have to adjust the value of the weights associated with the inputs in order to change their behavior. O ...
... input/output as a result of changes that happens in its environment. Since activation algorithm usually determined during development of the neural network, plus input/output cannot be changed, we have to adjust the value of the weights associated with the inputs in order to change their behavior. O ...
Neuron
... 2001) and lateral intraparietal areas in macaques (Andersen et al., 1997; Colby and Goldberg, 1999), but functional correspondences among them also remain elusive. These diversities emphasize the importance of direct comparison of the functional architecture of the frontal and parietal eye fields be ...
... 2001) and lateral intraparietal areas in macaques (Andersen et al., 1997; Colby and Goldberg, 1999), but functional correspondences among them also remain elusive. These diversities emphasize the importance of direct comparison of the functional architecture of the frontal and parietal eye fields be ...
Connectome
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.