lecture 02
... • Basic elements of nervous system – information is transmitted across a synapse chemically by means of a neurotransmitter – a neurotransmitter is released from small buttons or sacs in the axon terminals, which then fit into receptor sites on the dendrites of the next neuron – two types of neurons: ...
... • Basic elements of nervous system – information is transmitted across a synapse chemically by means of a neurotransmitter – a neurotransmitter is released from small buttons or sacs in the axon terminals, which then fit into receptor sites on the dendrites of the next neuron – two types of neurons: ...
Development of the Cerebral Cortex: VI. Growth Factors
... term survival of neurons are mediated by trophic factors that are secreted by the target nerve cells, bind to specific receptors, and signal to the nearby developing synapse. Within the nervous system, the most extensively studied of these factors is the family of neurotrophins. Almost 50 years ago, ...
... term survival of neurons are mediated by trophic factors that are secreted by the target nerve cells, bind to specific receptors, and signal to the nearby developing synapse. Within the nervous system, the most extensively studied of these factors is the family of neurotrophins. Almost 50 years ago, ...
Brain calculus: neural integration and persistent activity
... of neural networks, because the activation of persistent neuronal discharge in response to brief stimuli is prevalent throughout the nervous system. Prominent examples are the generation of persistent activity in cells that signal the direction in which the head is pointing (head direction cells), a ...
... of neural networks, because the activation of persistent neuronal discharge in response to brief stimuli is prevalent throughout the nervous system. Prominent examples are the generation of persistent activity in cells that signal the direction in which the head is pointing (head direction cells), a ...
Eagleman Ch 14. Motivation and Reward
... increased by an unexpected reward. If the stimulus is preceded by a signal, the animal learns that the signal predicts the stimulus, and will react to the signal. This predicted reward does not alter the firing rate of the neurons. ...
... increased by an unexpected reward. If the stimulus is preceded by a signal, the animal learns that the signal predicts the stimulus, and will react to the signal. This predicted reward does not alter the firing rate of the neurons. ...
COGNITIVE SCIENCE 107A Sensory Physiology and the Thalamus
... • Motor efferents (from cortex to spinal cord) bypass thalamus ...
... • Motor efferents (from cortex to spinal cord) bypass thalamus ...
On the nature of the BOLD fMRI contrast mechanism
... radically modified by studies showing that V1 cells can actually integrate information over a much larger part of visual space than originally believed and may be an important part of the network underlying perceptual organization. Because their responses are not solely determined by the optimal sti ...
... radically modified by studies showing that V1 cells can actually integrate information over a much larger part of visual space than originally believed and may be an important part of the network underlying perceptual organization. Because their responses are not solely determined by the optimal sti ...
Chapter 4
... First, due either to natural (e.g. stroke) or unnatural (e.g., accident) situations, human brains become damaged -- or lesioned. Scanners can now be used to localize the damage, and behavioural methods can be used to assess the relation between certain brain areas and certain behaviours Second, we c ...
... First, due either to natural (e.g. stroke) or unnatural (e.g., accident) situations, human brains become damaged -- or lesioned. Scanners can now be used to localize the damage, and behavioural methods can be used to assess the relation between certain brain areas and certain behaviours Second, we c ...
Report - Ben Hayden
... monkeys performing a gambling task. Monkeys prefer the risky option in this task, but their local pattern of choices strongly depends on the most recent reward obtained (Hayden and Platt, 2007; McCoy and Platt, 2005). This task is thus an ideal tool for studying the neural mechanisms underlying outc ...
... monkeys performing a gambling task. Monkeys prefer the risky option in this task, but their local pattern of choices strongly depends on the most recent reward obtained (Hayden and Platt, 2007; McCoy and Platt, 2005). This task is thus an ideal tool for studying the neural mechanisms underlying outc ...
Tail Region of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex and Its Relation to
... two modalities—pain and touch—under two states: anesthetized and conscious. No significant difference was found between the size of the tail area when tactile and noxious stimulations were used. However, the number of tail responsive channels showed a significant increase when the rat was awake and be ...
... two modalities—pain and touch—under two states: anesthetized and conscious. No significant difference was found between the size of the tail area when tactile and noxious stimulations were used. However, the number of tail responsive channels showed a significant increase when the rat was awake and be ...
How To*s for Effective Functional Behavior Assessments
... After speaking with Ms. Osuna and Ms. Frey, Mr. Church realized that Trish’s behavior was significantly different from those of the other third graders on the playground, had been going on for some time, was possibly a danger to other students, and didn’t change when the usual interventions were tri ...
... After speaking with Ms. Osuna and Ms. Frey, Mr. Church realized that Trish’s behavior was significantly different from those of the other third graders on the playground, had been going on for some time, was possibly a danger to other students, and didn’t change when the usual interventions were tri ...
SPP 1665: Resolving and manipulating neuronal networks in the
... http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25706061 Abstract: Acetylcholine (ACh) modulates neuronal network activities implicated in cognition, including theta and gamma oscillations but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Joint measurements of cholinergic activity and neuronal network dynamics with h ...
... http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25706061 Abstract: Acetylcholine (ACh) modulates neuronal network activities implicated in cognition, including theta and gamma oscillations but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Joint measurements of cholinergic activity and neuronal network dynamics with h ...
Invitation to the Life Span by Kathleen Stassen Berger
... • Brain slowdown reduces working memory because older individuals take longer to perceive and process the sensations they experience. • Reduced working memory inhibits multitasking (requires screening out distractions and inhibiting irrelevant thoughts while focusing on two or more relevant tasks). ...
... • Brain slowdown reduces working memory because older individuals take longer to perceive and process the sensations they experience. • Reduced working memory inhibits multitasking (requires screening out distractions and inhibiting irrelevant thoughts while focusing on two or more relevant tasks). ...
learning - missstacy
... behavior as the result of an experience. essential process enabling animals and humans to adapt to their changing environments, and thus survive. ...
... behavior as the result of an experience. essential process enabling animals and humans to adapt to their changing environments, and thus survive. ...
Title of Presentation
... Grand mal seizure - motor areas fire repeatedly causing convulsive seizures and loss of consciousness Petit mal seizure - sensory areas affected; not accompanied by convulsions or prolonged unconsciousness ...
... Grand mal seizure - motor areas fire repeatedly causing convulsive seizures and loss of consciousness Petit mal seizure - sensory areas affected; not accompanied by convulsions or prolonged unconsciousness ...
feel like doing. Brain-Based Principles 1-6
... misbehaving students can improve. • Special-need students have hope. BUT . . . The biggest reason to learn about why and how brains change is that … teaching is all about HOPE! ...
... misbehaving students can improve. • Special-need students have hope. BUT . . . The biggest reason to learn about why and how brains change is that … teaching is all about HOPE! ...
Perceptrons
... • Conventional (rule-based) systems perform badly at some tasks (e.g. face recognition - may fail to recognise the same face if it is smiling (brittleness)). • Many problems where we don’t know the solution, would like a system to work out the solution for us (i.e. learn a solution from the availabl ...
... • Conventional (rule-based) systems perform badly at some tasks (e.g. face recognition - may fail to recognise the same face if it is smiling (brittleness)). • Many problems where we don’t know the solution, would like a system to work out the solution for us (i.e. learn a solution from the availabl ...
Synapse formation
... • Newly learnt information to be transferred from one neuron to the next is more efficient • The more that a particular neural pathway is activated during learning, the more likely it is to be strengthened and the less likely the learning will be forgotten. ...
... • Newly learnt information to be transferred from one neuron to the next is more efficient • The more that a particular neural pathway is activated during learning, the more likely it is to be strengthened and the less likely the learning will be forgotten. ...
Nervous System
... • Gamma amino butyric acid(GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter that is often referred to as “nature’s VALIUMlike substance”. When GABA is out of range (high or low excretion values), it is likely that an excitatory neurotransmitter is firing too often in the brain. GABA will be sent out ...
... • Gamma amino butyric acid(GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter that is often referred to as “nature’s VALIUMlike substance”. When GABA is out of range (high or low excretion values), it is likely that an excitatory neurotransmitter is firing too often in the brain. GABA will be sent out ...
and “Wanting” Linked to Reward Deficiency
... [8]. A bio-psycho-social model of etiology holds very well for addiction. According to Conner et al. [9], addiction appears to correlate with a hypodopaminergic dysfunctional state within the reward circuitry of the brain, producing an addiction-prone personality. Neuroimaging studies in humans add ...
... [8]. A bio-psycho-social model of etiology holds very well for addiction. According to Conner et al. [9], addiction appears to correlate with a hypodopaminergic dysfunctional state within the reward circuitry of the brain, producing an addiction-prone personality. Neuroimaging studies in humans add ...
Nervous System
... • Gamma amino butyric acid(GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter that is often referred to as “nature’s VALIUMlike substance”. When GABA is out of range (high or low excretion values), it is likely that an excitatory neurotransmitter is firing too often in the brain. GABA will be sent out ...
... • Gamma amino butyric acid(GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter that is often referred to as “nature’s VALIUMlike substance”. When GABA is out of range (high or low excretion values), it is likely that an excitatory neurotransmitter is firing too often in the brain. GABA will be sent out ...
operant conditioning - socialscienceteacher
... Generalization, Discrimination, Extinction, and Spontaneous Recovery also apply to Operant Conditioning. – an animal or a person emits the same response to similar stimuli Ex: a child stops crying for a candy bar and generalizes to stop crying for lollipops as well • Discrimination – occurs during c ...
... Generalization, Discrimination, Extinction, and Spontaneous Recovery also apply to Operant Conditioning. – an animal or a person emits the same response to similar stimuli Ex: a child stops crying for a candy bar and generalizes to stop crying for lollipops as well • Discrimination – occurs during c ...