CS 561a: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
... contact with neurophysiological data concerning real neurons. ...
... contact with neurophysiological data concerning real neurons. ...
Neural Communication
... sort of natural "force". This process requires no energy expenditure on the part of the cell. One of these forces in neuronal communication is diffusion. An ion that is in high concentration in one area will tend to move, or diffuse, to an area of lower concentration. So, for example, when an ion is ...
... sort of natural "force". This process requires no energy expenditure on the part of the cell. One of these forces in neuronal communication is diffusion. An ion that is in high concentration in one area will tend to move, or diffuse, to an area of lower concentration. So, for example, when an ion is ...
Further Cognitive Science
... Ward, K., (2008), Materialism and its Discontents, “I remember the occasion when materialism first hit the world of Oxford philosophy … I was sitting in one of Gilbert Ryle's seminars in 1963 when a visiting Australian scholar, David Armstrong, presented a paper defending a materialist theory of min ...
... Ward, K., (2008), Materialism and its Discontents, “I remember the occasion when materialism first hit the world of Oxford philosophy … I was sitting in one of Gilbert Ryle's seminars in 1963 when a visiting Australian scholar, David Armstrong, presented a paper defending a materialist theory of min ...
a.Nerve Regeneration
... remains intact, cut or compressed axons can regenerate: – Post-trauma axon regrowth is never exactly the same as what existed before the injury – Much of the functional recovery after nerve injury involves retraining the nervous system to respond appropriately so that stimulus and response are coord ...
... remains intact, cut or compressed axons can regenerate: – Post-trauma axon regrowth is never exactly the same as what existed before the injury – Much of the functional recovery after nerve injury involves retraining the nervous system to respond appropriately so that stimulus and response are coord ...
An ultra small array of electrodes for stimulating multiple
... et al., 2003) to stimulate neural fibers. However, limitations on electrode densities have restricted the study of neighboring synapses on an individual neuron. The technique of focal photolysis of caged glutamate offers a high degree of control over the spatiotemporal characteristics of stimuli to ...
... et al., 2003) to stimulate neural fibers. However, limitations on electrode densities have restricted the study of neighboring synapses on an individual neuron. The technique of focal photolysis of caged glutamate offers a high degree of control over the spatiotemporal characteristics of stimuli to ...
Ch 8 Nervous System Test Key 1. In a neuron, short, branching
... 5. White matter of the central nervous system a. is formed by nerve cell bodies and their dendrites. B. is formed by bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths. c. forms the cortex of the brain. d. forms nuclei deep within the brain. e. have all of these properties. ...
... 5. White matter of the central nervous system a. is formed by nerve cell bodies and their dendrites. B. is formed by bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths. c. forms the cortex of the brain. d. forms nuclei deep within the brain. e. have all of these properties. ...
Neural computations associated with goal-directed choice
... choices. However, health information had a greater influence on the OFC value signals (and choices) when a region of left DLPFC was activated. A functional connectivity analysis suggested that DLPFC might modulate the weight placed on different attributes during value computation in OFC (Figure 1). ...
... choices. However, health information had a greater influence on the OFC value signals (and choices) when a region of left DLPFC was activated. A functional connectivity analysis suggested that DLPFC might modulate the weight placed on different attributes during value computation in OFC (Figure 1). ...
Estimating Fast Neural Input Using Anatomical and
... neuron is both beneficial and problematic. The background input creates spurious connections and adds variability to the connectivity estimation. On the other hand, this input may be crucial for the generation of action potentials; thus, without this input it would be impossible to detect a connecti ...
... neuron is both beneficial and problematic. The background input creates spurious connections and adds variability to the connectivity estimation. On the other hand, this input may be crucial for the generation of action potentials; thus, without this input it would be impossible to detect a connecti ...
associations
... •An associative memory is a brain-like distributed memory that learns associations. Association is a known and prominent feature of human memory. •Association takes two forms: •Auto-association: Here the task of a network is to store a set of patterns (vectors) by repeatedly presenting them to the n ...
... •An associative memory is a brain-like distributed memory that learns associations. Association is a known and prominent feature of human memory. •Association takes two forms: •Auto-association: Here the task of a network is to store a set of patterns (vectors) by repeatedly presenting them to the n ...
Monkey and humans exhibit similar motion
... Albright 1984; Newsome & Paré 1988; Lagae et al. 1989; Krekelberg & Albright 2005). This approach typically uses neuronal spiking as a measure of neural activity. However, it is not known to what extent motion-sensitive neurons in the non-human primate brain respond in a similar fashion to those in ...
... Albright 1984; Newsome & Paré 1988; Lagae et al. 1989; Krekelberg & Albright 2005). This approach typically uses neuronal spiking as a measure of neural activity. However, it is not known to what extent motion-sensitive neurons in the non-human primate brain respond in a similar fashion to those in ...
repair of avulsed cervical nerve roots
... An investigation of the levels of growth factors associated with root regeneration is under way. While we have not compared freeze-thawed muscle grafts with other methods of repair in this study they may be particularly beneficial to the process. Laminin, an important constituent of muscle basement ...
... An investigation of the levels of growth factors associated with root regeneration is under way. While we have not compared freeze-thawed muscle grafts with other methods of repair in this study they may be particularly beneficial to the process. Laminin, an important constituent of muscle basement ...
The Neuronal Correlate of Consciousness
... The state of the art and explanatory gaps For many decades the search for the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive and executive functions has been guided by the behaviorist view that the brain is essentially a highly complex and versatile stimulus response machine. Consequently, neuroscientists set ...
... The state of the art and explanatory gaps For many decades the search for the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive and executive functions has been guided by the behaviorist view that the brain is essentially a highly complex and versatile stimulus response machine. Consequently, neuroscientists set ...
Skeletal System
... Neurons are the structural units of the nervous system Neurons are highly specialized cells that conduct messages in the form of nerve impulses from one part of the body to another ...
... Neurons are the structural units of the nervous system Neurons are highly specialized cells that conduct messages in the form of nerve impulses from one part of the body to another ...
Rate versus Temporal Coding Models
... fact that neurons emit more spikes in less time when a restricted set of conditions holds ± such as when light of a particular orientation is present in a tiny region of the visual field and moving in a particular direction. Put simply, the neurons that we know the most about signal information by c ...
... fact that neurons emit more spikes in less time when a restricted set of conditions holds ± such as when light of a particular orientation is present in a tiny region of the visual field and moving in a particular direction. Put simply, the neurons that we know the most about signal information by c ...
Cellular-synaptic generation of EEG activity
... extracellular currents from numerous individual compartments, the events must be relatively slow (39). The dendrites and soma of a neuron form a tree made of an electrically conducting interior surrounded by a relatively insulating membrane with tens of thousands of synapses on it. Each synapse acts ...
... extracellular currents from numerous individual compartments, the events must be relatively slow (39). The dendrites and soma of a neuron form a tree made of an electrically conducting interior surrounded by a relatively insulating membrane with tens of thousands of synapses on it. Each synapse acts ...
Transient information flow in a network of excitatory and inhibitory
... in space or time. Recently, models of continuous information processing in recurrent neural networks have been proposed under the names of liquid state machine (LSM, [45]) and echo state networks [31,32], both related to the timing network of Buonomano and Merzenich [9]. Those models, that perform c ...
... in space or time. Recently, models of continuous information processing in recurrent neural networks have been proposed under the names of liquid state machine (LSM, [45]) and echo state networks [31,32], both related to the timing network of Buonomano and Merzenich [9]. Those models, that perform c ...
Chapter 14:The Brain and Cranial Nerves
... • The human brain is complex • Brain function is associated with life • This chapter is a study of brain and cranial nerves directly connected to it • Will provide insight into brain circuitry and function ...
... • The human brain is complex • Brain function is associated with life • This chapter is a study of brain and cranial nerves directly connected to it • Will provide insight into brain circuitry and function ...
Sensory Motor Approaches with People with Mental Illness Week 5
... – The repeated use of nerve pathways in a sensorimotor function creates a neural memory or map of that function • The brain can recreate the movement at other times ...
... – The repeated use of nerve pathways in a sensorimotor function creates a neural memory or map of that function • The brain can recreate the movement at other times ...
The Nervous System
... • Nervous system communication can be conceptualized as working through a twostep process: 1. signal movement down a neuron’s axon 2. signal movement from this axon to a second cell across a structure known as a synapse ...
... • Nervous system communication can be conceptualized as working through a twostep process: 1. signal movement down a neuron’s axon 2. signal movement from this axon to a second cell across a structure known as a synapse ...
The Bifurcating Neuron Network 1q
... mathematics of one-dimensional maps to the design of BN networks. The study of symmetry in the BN revealed that the BN can be con®gured to exhibit bistability that is controlled by attractor-merging crisis. Also, the symmetry of the bistability can be controlled by the introduction of a sinusoidal ¯ ...
... mathematics of one-dimensional maps to the design of BN networks. The study of symmetry in the BN revealed that the BN can be con®gured to exhibit bistability that is controlled by attractor-merging crisis. Also, the symmetry of the bistability can be controlled by the introduction of a sinusoidal ¯ ...
Nerve activates contraction
... motor neurons (red), which excite extrafusal fibers by stretch, the associated sensory of the stretched muscle. Afferent fibers also neurons (blue) transmit afferent impulses synapse with interneurons (green) that inhibit motor at higher frequency to the spinal cord. neurons (purple) controlling ant ...
... motor neurons (red), which excite extrafusal fibers by stretch, the associated sensory of the stretched muscle. Afferent fibers also neurons (blue) transmit afferent impulses synapse with interneurons (green) that inhibit motor at higher frequency to the spinal cord. neurons (purple) controlling ant ...
The auditory pathway: Levels of integration of information and
... Although the ascending (afferent) AP is better known, the ear has a descending (efferent) pathway as well, with neurons running parallel to the former. Even though little is known about this pathway, it is deemed to regulate the AC function with the lower auditory centers and Corti’s organ. The effe ...
... Although the ascending (afferent) AP is better known, the ear has a descending (efferent) pathway as well, with neurons running parallel to the former. Even though little is known about this pathway, it is deemed to regulate the AC function with the lower auditory centers and Corti’s organ. The effe ...
Connectionist AI, symbolic AI, and the brain
... is quite simply that it has provided precious little insight into the computational organization of the brain. From the perspective of modelling human performance, symbolic models, like Newell and Simon's General Problem Solver (1972), are successful on a coarse level, but the fine structure of cogn ...
... is quite simply that it has provided precious little insight into the computational organization of the brain. From the perspective of modelling human performance, symbolic models, like Newell and Simon's General Problem Solver (1972), are successful on a coarse level, but the fine structure of cogn ...
Deep Sparse Rectifier Neural Networks
... because the objective of the former is to obtain computationally efficient learners, that generalize well to new examples, whereas the objective of the latter is to abstract out neuroscientific data while obtaining explanations of the principles involved, providing predictions and guidance for futur ...
... because the objective of the former is to obtain computationally efficient learners, that generalize well to new examples, whereas the objective of the latter is to abstract out neuroscientific data while obtaining explanations of the principles involved, providing predictions and guidance for futur ...
Cognition without a Neural Code: How a Folded Electromagnetic Fields
... support of TNGS shows coordination between areas separated by 10 cm or more (Gaetz et al. 1998; Srinivasan et al. 1999). With a maximum conduction velocity in lightly myelinated neurons of 8 m/s, five round-trips along 10 cm of axon take 125 ms. Next, there is the membrane constant, the time a neuro ...
... support of TNGS shows coordination between areas separated by 10 cm or more (Gaetz et al. 1998; Srinivasan et al. 1999). With a maximum conduction velocity in lightly myelinated neurons of 8 m/s, five round-trips along 10 cm of axon take 125 ms. Next, there is the membrane constant, the time a neuro ...