Toxicant – Receptor Interactions: Fundamental - UNC
... From the viewpoint of biochemistry and neuroscience, “receptor” refers to a distinct class of molecules that have unique and characteristic functions and modes of action that involve endogenous ligands. Enzymes are, in one sense, receptors with respect to their substrates (and inhibitors, too). As w ...
... From the viewpoint of biochemistry and neuroscience, “receptor” refers to a distinct class of molecules that have unique and characteristic functions and modes of action that involve endogenous ligands. Enzymes are, in one sense, receptors with respect to their substrates (and inhibitors, too). As w ...
“Synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications of microbial polymalic and polyglutamic acids derivatives.”
... 20.2, 46.5, and 75.1, which are pretty close to the nominal values. Yields were higher than 90% for all the cases. The molecular weights of these copolyesters were practically coincident to the molecular weight of the parent polyacid indicating that very light degradation took place upon esterificat ...
... 20.2, 46.5, and 75.1, which are pretty close to the nominal values. Yields were higher than 90% for all the cases. The molecular weights of these copolyesters were practically coincident to the molecular weight of the parent polyacid indicating that very light degradation took place upon esterificat ...
PART II
... is, the proportion of the target population in need of an intervention that actually gets it. In a process evaluation, the implementation of an intervention is assessed by looking at how and if the prevention intervention took place, whether its design worked and whether the designated target group ...
... is, the proportion of the target population in need of an intervention that actually gets it. In a process evaluation, the implementation of an intervention is assessed by looking at how and if the prevention intervention took place, whether its design worked and whether the designated target group ...
O A
... The current study compared acceptance and behavioral responses to sublingual administration of midazolam and Ketamine in cat. Ten male cats received different doses of Ketamine or midazolam via sublingual route. Each animal was observed continuously for CNS depression as standard grades on the behav ...
... The current study compared acceptance and behavioral responses to sublingual administration of midazolam and Ketamine in cat. Ten male cats received different doses of Ketamine or midazolam via sublingual route. Each animal was observed continuously for CNS depression as standard grades on the behav ...
The Socio-Economic Impact of Amphetamine Type Stimulants in
... This preparation of this report was funded by the New Zealand Police with money received from the Cross Departmental Research Pool (CDRP), which is administered by the Ministry of Research Science and Technology (MoRST). We acknowledge the assistance and collaborative efforts of officials from the O ...
... This preparation of this report was funded by the New Zealand Police with money received from the Cross Departmental Research Pool (CDRP), which is administered by the Ministry of Research Science and Technology (MoRST). We acknowledge the assistance and collaborative efforts of officials from the O ...
action plan for vulture conservation in india
... human medicine as an effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic. While there is no reported human medical condition for which Diclofenac is the sole, effective anti-inflammatory analgesic, it is nevertheless true that it is an extremely effective drug in human use. Also, it is possible that a very sm ...
... human medicine as an effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic. While there is no reported human medical condition for which Diclofenac is the sole, effective anti-inflammatory analgesic, it is nevertheless true that it is an extremely effective drug in human use. Also, it is possible that a very sm ...
Summary of Product Characteristics
... zolpidem is co-administered with other CNS depressants or with other drugs that increase the blood levels of zolpidem, or with alcohol or illicit drugs (see section 4.5). Zolpidem should be taken in a single intake immediately at bedtime and not be re-administered during the same night. Amnesia: Sed ...
... zolpidem is co-administered with other CNS depressants or with other drugs that increase the blood levels of zolpidem, or with alcohol or illicit drugs (see section 4.5). Zolpidem should be taken in a single intake immediately at bedtime and not be re-administered during the same night. Amnesia: Sed ...
A Comparison of Thermodynamic Parameters for Vinorelbine
... the standard deviation of the fits. At 5°, 15°, and 25°, vinorelbine interacts with tubulin with 3–16-fold higher overall affinity, K1K2, than vinflunine, depending on the model used to determine the binding parameters (Tables 1 and 2). Thus, the modifications involving the C209 difluorination (IUPA ...
... the standard deviation of the fits. At 5°, 15°, and 25°, vinorelbine interacts with tubulin with 3–16-fold higher overall affinity, K1K2, than vinflunine, depending on the model used to determine the binding parameters (Tables 1 and 2). Thus, the modifications involving the C209 difluorination (IUPA ...
FENTANYL CITRATE INJECTION, USP
... The initial dose of fentanyl citrate should be appropriately reduced in elderly and debilitated patients. The effect of the initial dose should be considered in determining incremental doses. Nitrous oxide has been reported to produce cardiovascular depression when given with higher doses of fentany ...
... The initial dose of fentanyl citrate should be appropriately reduced in elderly and debilitated patients. The effect of the initial dose should be considered in determining incremental doses. Nitrous oxide has been reported to produce cardiovascular depression when given with higher doses of fentany ...
PART II - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
... is, the proportion of the target population in need of an intervention that actually gets it. In a process evaluation, the implementation of an intervention is assessed by looking at how and if the prevention intervention took place, whether its design worked and whether the designated target group ...
... is, the proportion of the target population in need of an intervention that actually gets it. In a process evaluation, the implementation of an intervention is assessed by looking at how and if the prevention intervention took place, whether its design worked and whether the designated target group ...
Problems of anabolic steroids in sport.
... a sub-committee of a U.S. Senate Committee hearing, “just prior to the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo, all around me it seemed that more and more athletes were using steroids for athletic preparation and one began to feel that he was placing himself in a decided disadvantage if he did not also get on ...
... a sub-committee of a U.S. Senate Committee hearing, “just prior to the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo, all around me it seemed that more and more athletes were using steroids for athletic preparation and one began to feel that he was placing himself in a decided disadvantage if he did not also get on ...
Warfarin Management - Adult
... 14. Urine HCG (pregnancy test) should be obtained for women of child bearing age before initiating warfarin.2,4 (Class IIb, Level C) ...
... 14. Urine HCG (pregnancy test) should be obtained for women of child bearing age before initiating warfarin.2,4 (Class IIb, Level C) ...
establishing similarity between multisource betahistine
... not differ widely, it seems that partition coefficient data do not explain passive permeability, especially, when radio-labeled BHD showed rapid and complete absorption (9, 30-32). The extremely low concentrations of BHD in plasma following oral administration could be explained by the complete meta ...
... not differ widely, it seems that partition coefficient data do not explain passive permeability, especially, when radio-labeled BHD showed rapid and complete absorption (9, 30-32). The extremely low concentrations of BHD in plasma following oral administration could be explained by the complete meta ...
011032035E
... indicated that this amino acid causes direct pancreatic β-cell stimulation. Delayed gastric emptying and inhibition of glucose transport also have been postulated as possible mechanisms. A study of alloxan-induced diabetic mice has shown that the hypoglycemic activity of dialysed fenugreek seed extr ...
... indicated that this amino acid causes direct pancreatic β-cell stimulation. Delayed gastric emptying and inhibition of glucose transport also have been postulated as possible mechanisms. A study of alloxan-induced diabetic mice has shown that the hypoglycemic activity of dialysed fenugreek seed extr ...
Analysis of 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its
... seven men (age range 20-25) who died after the consumption of MDMA("Ecstasy") or 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA, "Eve") or both showed significant changes in the liver, heart, or brain (1). As the possible mechanism of damage, the authors suggested hyperthermia, direct toxic effects on org ...
... seven men (age range 20-25) who died after the consumption of MDMA("Ecstasy") or 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA, "Eve") or both showed significant changes in the liver, heart, or brain (1). As the possible mechanism of damage, the authors suggested hyperthermia, direct toxic effects on org ...
Medications Development Research for Treatment of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine Addiction
... Psychotic symptoms can sometimes last for months or years after methamphetamine abuse has ceased and stress has been shown to precipitate spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine psychosis in formerly psychotic methamphetamine abusers. Prenatal Effects. Because these drugs are abused by women of c ...
... Psychotic symptoms can sometimes last for months or years after methamphetamine abuse has ceased and stress has been shown to precipitate spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine psychosis in formerly psychotic methamphetamine abusers. Prenatal Effects. Because these drugs are abused by women of c ...
Slide 1
... (COH) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) designed to enhance palliative care in nursing. The ELNEC Project was originally funded by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation with ...
... (COH) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) designed to enhance palliative care in nursing. The ELNEC Project was originally funded by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation with ...
What the pulmonary specialist should know about the new
... need to master specific inhalation techniques, which require varying levels of cognitive ability depending on the device. Reviews of randomised controlled trials comparing different inhalers have concluded that they are all equivalent [6, 7]. However, patients in randomised controlled trials receive ...
... need to master specific inhalation techniques, which require varying levels of cognitive ability depending on the device. Reviews of randomised controlled trials comparing different inhalers have concluded that they are all equivalent [6, 7]. However, patients in randomised controlled trials receive ...
Does Oral Trenbolone Really Have the Best Steroid
... The Finaplix version of Trenbolone Acetate comes in capsules containing pellets (usually implanted into a bovine creature). Each dose has ten pellets of 20mg each. Athletes who want to ingest the steroid this way grind the pellets into a fine powder form. However, to get the amount of Trenbolone mos ...
... The Finaplix version of Trenbolone Acetate comes in capsules containing pellets (usually implanted into a bovine creature). Each dose has ten pellets of 20mg each. Athletes who want to ingest the steroid this way grind the pellets into a fine powder form. However, to get the amount of Trenbolone mos ...
The Risk of Using Poppy Seed Tea Made from Several Varieties
... Objective: the number of alkaloids like morphine and codeine found in poppy seeds used in food industry are monitored by a directive given by European Food Safety Authority. Based on this regulation the aim of the study was to determine the quantity of morphine and codeine from several brands of pop ...
... Objective: the number of alkaloids like morphine and codeine found in poppy seeds used in food industry are monitored by a directive given by European Food Safety Authority. Based on this regulation the aim of the study was to determine the quantity of morphine and codeine from several brands of pop ...
In silico methods in prediction of drug metabolism, mass
... more active and toxic species [8]. Toxicity, which is often related to metabolism, is a significant factor in the rejection of a lead molecule during drug development and the withdrawal of new drugs [9,10]. Determination of a drug’s metabolic stability, as well as identification of its major metabol ...
... more active and toxic species [8]. Toxicity, which is often related to metabolism, is a significant factor in the rejection of a lead molecule during drug development and the withdrawal of new drugs [9,10]. Determination of a drug’s metabolic stability, as well as identification of its major metabol ...
THE CONTRIBUTION OF FETAL METABOLISM TO THE
... of standards were prepared from the morphine, M6G, and M3G used for the infusion solutions. This was followed by 100 l of the internal standard nalorphine HCl (800 ng 䡠 ml⫺1; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and then a further 200 l of ammonium bicarbonate buffer (pH 9.3). The diluted sample or stand ...
... of standards were prepared from the morphine, M6G, and M3G used for the infusion solutions. This was followed by 100 l of the internal standard nalorphine HCl (800 ng 䡠 ml⫺1; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and then a further 200 l of ammonium bicarbonate buffer (pH 9.3). The diluted sample or stand ...
GLOBAL SMART UPDATE - Descentraliza Drogas
... NPS on the market. By February 2015, over 30 countries and territories had adopted regulations/legislation at the national level to reduce the availability of these substances. Recommendations for international control of some synthetic cannabinoids have also been put forward. The special segment of ...
... NPS on the market. By February 2015, over 30 countries and territories had adopted regulations/legislation at the national level to reduce the availability of these substances. Recommendations for international control of some synthetic cannabinoids have also been put forward. The special segment of ...
Homocysteine: a promising biomarker of folate antagonist
... a family of membrane-associated receptors (FBP) – a low-capacity, high-affinity transport system that operates at nanomolar concentrations of extracellular folate [18]. To conserve a majority of cellular folates, eukaryotic cells developed a mechanism to add up to seven moieties of glutamic acid thr ...
... a family of membrane-associated receptors (FBP) – a low-capacity, high-affinity transport system that operates at nanomolar concentrations of extracellular folate [18]. To conserve a majority of cellular folates, eukaryotic cells developed a mechanism to add up to seven moieties of glutamic acid thr ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.