Prescription Drug Abuse: Loosening the Knot
... They mimic the effects of naturally-occurring endorphins in the body, and produce an opiate effect by interacting with the opioid receptor sites. ...
... They mimic the effects of naturally-occurring endorphins in the body, and produce an opiate effect by interacting with the opioid receptor sites. ...
Half-Life
... Half-Life: The time it takes a substance to decrease to half of a previous value. Half-Life is a good predictor of how long a substance will exist. Drug Half-Life: The time required for the total amount of a drug in blood to diminish by half, once the drug reaches its peak concentration. See P ...
... Half-Life: The time it takes a substance to decrease to half of a previous value. Half-Life is a good predictor of how long a substance will exist. Drug Half-Life: The time required for the total amount of a drug in blood to diminish by half, once the drug reaches its peak concentration. See P ...
The Drug development process
... • To date, the vast majority of biopharmaceuticals approved for general medical use are administered by direct injection (i.e. parenterally) usually by intravenous (i.v.), subcutaneous (s.c., i.e. directly under the skin) or intramuscular (i.m., i.e. into muscle tissue) routes. • Amongst the few exc ...
... • To date, the vast majority of biopharmaceuticals approved for general medical use are administered by direct injection (i.e. parenterally) usually by intravenous (i.v.), subcutaneous (s.c., i.e. directly under the skin) or intramuscular (i.m., i.e. into muscle tissue) routes. • Amongst the few exc ...
2013 Drug Trends Presented by
... Users say the psychedelic trips that result from taking “Smiles” can last anywhere from a few hours to a few days, and are described as being similar to a “roller coaster through hell” by some who have taken the drug. ...
... Users say the psychedelic trips that result from taking “Smiles” can last anywhere from a few hours to a few days, and are described as being similar to a “roller coaster through hell” by some who have taken the drug. ...
Metabolic stability methods
... ① Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family : NADPH provides the e- for reducing Fe3+to Fe2+ via a NADPH-CYP450 reductase ② Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) family : NADPH directly reduces the flavine ...
... ① Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family : NADPH provides the e- for reducing Fe3+to Fe2+ via a NADPH-CYP450 reductase ② Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) family : NADPH directly reduces the flavine ...
Anti-TB - PharmaStreet
... •Rifampin is a microsomal enzyme inducer-increases severalCYP3A4, CYP2D6,CYP1A2 and CYP2C subfamily. •It thus enhances its own metabolism as well as that of many drugs including warfarin, oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, sulfonyl ureas, steroids, HIV protease inhibitors, non nucleoside reverse ...
... •Rifampin is a microsomal enzyme inducer-increases severalCYP3A4, CYP2D6,CYP1A2 and CYP2C subfamily. •It thus enhances its own metabolism as well as that of many drugs including warfarin, oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, sulfonyl ureas, steroids, HIV protease inhibitors, non nucleoside reverse ...
Urine Drug Screen
... time the body requires to reduce the concentration of a given drug in the blood by one-half. A variety of factors influence the time period during which drug metabolites are detected in urine; the rate of urine production, the volume of fluid consumption, the amount of drug taken, the urine pH, and ...
... time the body requires to reduce the concentration of a given drug in the blood by one-half. A variety of factors influence the time period during which drug metabolites are detected in urine; the rate of urine production, the volume of fluid consumption, the amount of drug taken, the urine pH, and ...
Review notes
... Inhib by MAO inhib Maximum non-toxic dose/Min effective dose Doesn’t take into account variability btw indivs LD50/ED50 ...
... Inhib by MAO inhib Maximum non-toxic dose/Min effective dose Doesn’t take into account variability btw indivs LD50/ED50 ...
the diversion of public health
... The strategic role of IPR for TNCs • With the globalization of markets, it becomes crucial for TNC to control the use of their products in emerging markets. • Such control is realised through IPR which becomes a key source of their profits. • In the absence of IPR enforcement, counterfeiting (the r ...
... The strategic role of IPR for TNCs • With the globalization of markets, it becomes crucial for TNC to control the use of their products in emerging markets. • Such control is realised through IPR which becomes a key source of their profits. • In the absence of IPR enforcement, counterfeiting (the r ...
ORAL STEROIDS- Side Effects What are Oral Steroids? You have
... What are Oral Steroids? You have been prescribed a corticosteroid medication to take orally. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions. This medication is usually prescribed to decrease inflammation. What are the Po ...
... What are Oral Steroids? You have been prescribed a corticosteroid medication to take orally. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions. This medication is usually prescribed to decrease inflammation. What are the Po ...
Chapter 8
... Biological Genetic factors through impaired enzyme production, brain function, and physiological response Drugs such as alcohol, heroin, and cocaine act directly on brain mechanisms responsible for reward and punishment Psychological Social learning and reinforcement on drug-taking behavior ...
... Biological Genetic factors through impaired enzyme production, brain function, and physiological response Drugs such as alcohol, heroin, and cocaine act directly on brain mechanisms responsible for reward and punishment Psychological Social learning and reinforcement on drug-taking behavior ...
Presentation file
... Microparticles, 50 to 90% of the drug is in small microparticles with diameter of 1 to 10 μm. The dimeter depends on the preparation method and excipients (e.g., polymers) used. The microparticle increase the drug contact time from few minutes to several hours and provide for high and sustained conc ...
... Microparticles, 50 to 90% of the drug is in small microparticles with diameter of 1 to 10 μm. The dimeter depends on the preparation method and excipients (e.g., polymers) used. The microparticle increase the drug contact time from few minutes to several hours and provide for high and sustained conc ...
New Age, 19 July 2013
... ABID AZAD explores the different routes for trafficking drugs which makes the drug abuse easier and more difficult to fight Among the trafficking routes of Bangladesh, the vast forests and terrain areas of hill tracts and the Bangladeshi, Myanmar and Thai Fishing Trawlers are being safely used for t ...
... ABID AZAD explores the different routes for trafficking drugs which makes the drug abuse easier and more difficult to fight Among the trafficking routes of Bangladesh, the vast forests and terrain areas of hill tracts and the Bangladeshi, Myanmar and Thai Fishing Trawlers are being safely used for t ...
MODEL QUESTION PAPER “Do not write anything on question
... (b) What are the objectives of trial balance? Explain profit and loss account. ...
... (b) What are the objectives of trial balance? Explain profit and loss account. ...
Immunosuppressants and Immunomodulatory drugs
... lymphokine synthesis, etc.) more effectively than secondary immune responses (i.e. those related to reencountering antigen, that is those related to immunologic memory) • Immunosuppressant drugs are highly effective in treating conditions such as organ transplant rejection and severe autoimmune diso ...
... lymphokine synthesis, etc.) more effectively than secondary immune responses (i.e. those related to reencountering antigen, that is those related to immunologic memory) • Immunosuppressant drugs are highly effective in treating conditions such as organ transplant rejection and severe autoimmune diso ...
Catabasis ACS Conference Presentation 11aug2015 FINAL
... such as PCSK9, HMG-CoA reductase, ATP citrate lyase and NPC1L1. If approved, CAT-2054, may have the potential to be the first therapy to simultaneously modulate cholesterol synthesis, clearance and absorption. About Catabasis Catabasis Pharmaceuticals is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company fo ...
... such as PCSK9, HMG-CoA reductase, ATP citrate lyase and NPC1L1. If approved, CAT-2054, may have the potential to be the first therapy to simultaneously modulate cholesterol synthesis, clearance and absorption. About Catabasis Catabasis Pharmaceuticals is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company fo ...
FREE Sample Here
... The liver and kidneys are the organs that are most important for drug metabolism and elimination. A problem that decreases the function of either organ increases active blood drug levels and the length of time a single drug dose remains in the body. Both conditions lead to an increased risk for drug ...
... The liver and kidneys are the organs that are most important for drug metabolism and elimination. A problem that decreases the function of either organ increases active blood drug levels and the length of time a single drug dose remains in the body. Both conditions lead to an increased risk for drug ...
Key Learning Guide - City Vision University
... 1. Non-purposive withdrawal – physical withdrawal; objective physical signs that are directly observable when a drug is stopped. 2. Purposive withdrawal – psychological withdrawal resulting in behavioral changes exhibited by an addict when the drug is stopped. 3. Protracted Withdrawal – an environme ...
... 1. Non-purposive withdrawal – physical withdrawal; objective physical signs that are directly observable when a drug is stopped. 2. Purposive withdrawal – psychological withdrawal resulting in behavioral changes exhibited by an addict when the drug is stopped. 3. Protracted Withdrawal – an environme ...
MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS:
... B. Tertiary Amines Muscarinic Antagonists: functional selectivity for the urinary bladder. All are orally available and are typically absorbed well. Drug ...
... B. Tertiary Amines Muscarinic Antagonists: functional selectivity for the urinary bladder. All are orally available and are typically absorbed well. Drug ...
Aminosalicylates - Crohn`s | Colitis
... cramping, loss of appetite, vomiting, rash, or fever. In addition, 5-ASA agents may cause diarrhea (less than 1% of users), which may be difficult to distinguish from increased IBD activity. Aminosalicylates very rarely cause kidney injury. However, those with known kidney problems should not use th ...
... cramping, loss of appetite, vomiting, rash, or fever. In addition, 5-ASA agents may cause diarrhea (less than 1% of users), which may be difficult to distinguish from increased IBD activity. Aminosalicylates very rarely cause kidney injury. However, those with known kidney problems should not use th ...
AP Psychology Unit Five Curriculum Map
... Overview and Enduring Understandings Overview: Understanding consciousness and what it encompasses is critical to an appreciation of what is meant by ...
... Overview and Enduring Understandings Overview: Understanding consciousness and what it encompasses is critical to an appreciation of what is meant by ...
Antibiotic Prescribing Trends in U.S. Hospitals Raise Flags
... Drug Administration recently issued an advisory recommending that fluoroquinolone use be avoided for patients with uncomplicated bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infections and sinusitis, and that these patients be given alternative treatment options.2 Reducing unnecessary or inappropriat ...
... Drug Administration recently issued an advisory recommending that fluoroquinolone use be avoided for patients with uncomplicated bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infections and sinusitis, and that these patients be given alternative treatment options.2 Reducing unnecessary or inappropriat ...
A review of drug isomerism and its significance
... D‑dopa which has never been used because it causes deficiency of white blood cells and thus susceptibility to infections.[5,9] Two stereoisomers can compete for binding to same receptors like S‑methadone antagonizes respiratory depression action of R‑methadone. If the two isomers are of agonist and ...
... D‑dopa which has never been used because it causes deficiency of white blood cells and thus susceptibility to infections.[5,9] Two stereoisomers can compete for binding to same receptors like S‑methadone antagonizes respiratory depression action of R‑methadone. If the two isomers are of agonist and ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.