- KoreaMed Synapse
... pylene glycol with 2.0% benzyl alcohol as preservative. The label clearly indicates in the “Precautions” section that the “gasping syndrome,” characterized by CNS depression, metabolic acidosis, gasping respirations, and high levels of benzyl alcohol and its metabolites found in the blood and urine, ...
... pylene glycol with 2.0% benzyl alcohol as preservative. The label clearly indicates in the “Precautions” section that the “gasping syndrome,” characterized by CNS depression, metabolic acidosis, gasping respirations, and high levels of benzyl alcohol and its metabolites found in the blood and urine, ...
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF FLUOXEITINE HYDROCHLORIDE ORAL DISPERSIBLE TABLETS Research Article
... of the tablet binder and the physical forces that act under compression to form the tablet. The mechanism by which tablet is broken down into smaller particles and then produces a homogeneous suspension or solution is based on 1. By capillary action 2. High swell ability of disintegrants 3. Capillar ...
... of the tablet binder and the physical forces that act under compression to form the tablet. The mechanism by which tablet is broken down into smaller particles and then produces a homogeneous suspension or solution is based on 1. By capillary action 2. High swell ability of disintegrants 3. Capillar ...
Introduction to Generic Drug Product Development
... • Where these above methods are not applicable (e.g., for drug products that are not intended to be absorbed into the bloodstream), other in vivo or in vitro test methods to demonstrate bioequivalence may be appropriate. • Bioequivalence may sometimes be demonstrated using an in vitro bioequivalence ...
... • Where these above methods are not applicable (e.g., for drug products that are not intended to be absorbed into the bloodstream), other in vivo or in vitro test methods to demonstrate bioequivalence may be appropriate. • Bioequivalence may sometimes be demonstrated using an in vitro bioequivalence ...
Short-Term Fasting Alters Cytochrome P450–Mediated Drug
... The effects of fasting on drug metabolism in experimental models can be explained by the altered activity of nuclear transcription factors. The nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (Klein et al., 1993) serve as xenosensors, which regulate the activity of m ...
... The effects of fasting on drug metabolism in experimental models can be explained by the altered activity of nuclear transcription factors. The nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (Klein et al., 1993) serve as xenosensors, which regulate the activity of m ...
Potentially Harmful Drugs in the Elderly: Beers List
... Potentially Harmful Drugs in the Elderly: Beers List In 1991, Dr. Mark Beers and colleagues published a methods paper describing the development of a consensus list of medicines considered to be inappropriate for long-term care facility residents.12 The American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria or ...
... Potentially Harmful Drugs in the Elderly: Beers List In 1991, Dr. Mark Beers and colleagues published a methods paper describing the development of a consensus list of medicines considered to be inappropriate for long-term care facility residents.12 The American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria or ...
Herbal CNS stimulants - International Journal of Herbal Medicine
... CNS stimulants are the psychoactive drugs which induce temporary improvements in mental and physical function by enhancing the activity of central nervous system (CNS). They provide great benefits for a range of disorders but still they are widely used as illicit substances of abuse. Amphetamine and ...
... CNS stimulants are the psychoactive drugs which induce temporary improvements in mental and physical function by enhancing the activity of central nervous system (CNS). They provide great benefits for a range of disorders but still they are widely used as illicit substances of abuse. Amphetamine and ...
Pharmacy update What`s new in the world of pharmaceuticals?
... CYP 3A4 – Grapefruit interaction • Grapefruit Irreversible inactivation of GUT CYP3A4 enzymes • 48 - 72 hours required to replace • Separating the ingestion of grapefruit from medication does NOT prevent interaction • 1 grapefruit or 200 ml (~7 fl oz) juice may clinically significant interactio ...
... CYP 3A4 – Grapefruit interaction • Grapefruit Irreversible inactivation of GUT CYP3A4 enzymes • 48 - 72 hours required to replace • Separating the ingestion of grapefruit from medication does NOT prevent interaction • 1 grapefruit or 200 ml (~7 fl oz) juice may clinically significant interactio ...
New psychoactive substances
... Since 1997, the EMCDDA has played a central role in Europe's response to new psychoactive substances. Its main responsibilities in this field are to operate the EU Early Warning System, with its partner Europol, and to undertake risk assessments of new substances when necessary. The EU Early Warning ...
... Since 1997, the EMCDDA has played a central role in Europe's response to new psychoactive substances. Its main responsibilities in this field are to operate the EU Early Warning System, with its partner Europol, and to undertake risk assessments of new substances when necessary. The EU Early Warning ...
Effect of three different bronchodilators during an
... reach the maximal bronchodilatation, expressed by the plateau in the dose-response curve, were at least 400 llg for salbutamol and 80 ~g for ipratropium. The addition of a second bronchodilator, after the plateau with the first agent had been reached, did not produce significant increments. We also ...
... reach the maximal bronchodilatation, expressed by the plateau in the dose-response curve, were at least 400 llg for salbutamol and 80 ~g for ipratropium. The addition of a second bronchodilator, after the plateau with the first agent had been reached, did not produce significant increments. We also ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676.
... med icine for primary healthcare needs? And of the 119 plants based drugs used today by modern medicine about 74% are fro m plants traditionally used as herbal cures [1]. It is estimated that the market potential for herbal drugs in the western world alone could range fro m US $ 4.9 b illion to 47 b ...
... med icine for primary healthcare needs? And of the 119 plants based drugs used today by modern medicine about 74% are fro m plants traditionally used as herbal cures [1]. It is estimated that the market potential for herbal drugs in the western world alone could range fro m US $ 4.9 b illion to 47 b ...
Herbal Supplements - St. Vincent Healthcare
... with certain anesthetics.They are finding certain herbals may prolong the effects of anesthesia. Others may increase the risks of bleeding or raise blood pressure. Some effects may be subtle and less critical, but for anesthesiologists, anticipating a possible reaction is better than reacting to an ...
... with certain anesthetics.They are finding certain herbals may prolong the effects of anesthesia. Others may increase the risks of bleeding or raise blood pressure. Some effects may be subtle and less critical, but for anesthesiologists, anticipating a possible reaction is better than reacting to an ...
Abuse of OTC Drugs
... persistent tolerance to DXM. The primary symptoms observed during withdrawal are insomnia, dysphoria, ...
... persistent tolerance to DXM. The primary symptoms observed during withdrawal are insomnia, dysphoria, ...
Alan Goldhammer, PhD
... situation to make available an unapproved drug containing the same active moiety as the approved drug that is in short supply (e.g., a drug product approved in another country).” In addition, one of the criteria that would apply to intermediate-size patient populations is sufficient evidence that “t ...
... situation to make available an unapproved drug containing the same active moiety as the approved drug that is in short supply (e.g., a drug product approved in another country).” In addition, one of the criteria that would apply to intermediate-size patient populations is sufficient evidence that “t ...
PIERIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
... risks and relating uncertainties. to our In competitors some cases, and you ourcan industry; identifyour forward-looking ability to establish statements collaborations; by terminology our expectations including regarding “anticipates,” the time “believes,” which we “can,” will“continue,” be an emerg ...
... risks and relating uncertainties. to our In competitors some cases, and you ourcan industry; identifyour forward-looking ability to establish statements collaborations; by terminology our expectations including regarding “anticipates,” the time “believes,” which we “can,” will“continue,” be an emerg ...
Contamination of Herbal Medicines
... • Lead is used as “Mi Tuo Seng” (Lithargyrum) and arsenic as “Xiong Huang” (Realgar) in the manufacture of several TCMs. • The presence of heavy metals may be the result of contamination during manufacture from grinding weights, use of lead-increasing containers or other manufacturing utensils. • A ...
... • Lead is used as “Mi Tuo Seng” (Lithargyrum) and arsenic as “Xiong Huang” (Realgar) in the manufacture of several TCMs. • The presence of heavy metals may be the result of contamination during manufacture from grinding weights, use of lead-increasing containers or other manufacturing utensils. • A ...
B Why Do So Many Biopharmaceuticals Fail? FOCUS
... involves changes to the threedimensional structure or aggregation state of a molecule leading to loss of activity or altered properties. Degradation, on the other hand, often involves cleavage of chemical bonds producing new molecular species. It is important to have an understanding of how differen ...
... involves changes to the threedimensional structure or aggregation state of a molecule leading to loss of activity or altered properties. Degradation, on the other hand, often involves cleavage of chemical bonds producing new molecular species. It is important to have an understanding of how differen ...
Procalm
... a transient metabolic encephalopathy characterized by loss of consciousness for 4872 hours. Procarbazine has been reported to potentiate the extrapyramidal side effects encountered with the use of prochlorperazine. Phenothiazines have been reported both to impair and increase metabolism of phenytoin ...
... a transient metabolic encephalopathy characterized by loss of consciousness for 4872 hours. Procarbazine has been reported to potentiate the extrapyramidal side effects encountered with the use of prochlorperazine. Phenothiazines have been reported both to impair and increase metabolism of phenytoin ...
Exposure and Response after a Single Dose
... • Define the meaning of the following terms: clearance, compartmental model, disposition kinetics, distribution phase, elimination half-life, elimination phase, elimination rate constant, extraction ratio, extravasation, first-order process, fraction excreted unchanged, fraction in plasma unbound, f ...
... • Define the meaning of the following terms: clearance, compartmental model, disposition kinetics, distribution phase, elimination half-life, elimination phase, elimination rate constant, extraction ratio, extravasation, first-order process, fraction excreted unchanged, fraction in plasma unbound, f ...
Opioid Relapse Prevention Buprenorphine
... B. Substance abuse can cause psychiatric disorders. C. If both substance abuse and a psychiatric disorder are present, treating the psychiatric disorder is usually not necessary. D. Treating an underlying psychiatric disorder usually does not adequately treat the substance abuse. ...
... B. Substance abuse can cause psychiatric disorders. C. If both substance abuse and a psychiatric disorder are present, treating the psychiatric disorder is usually not necessary. D. Treating an underlying psychiatric disorder usually does not adequately treat the substance abuse. ...
Locomotor Effects of Acute and Repeated Threshold Doses of
... guidelines (Principles of Laboratory Animal Care, National Institutes of Health Publication 85-23). Apparatus. Behavior was monitored in custom-designed activity chambers (Segal and Kuczenski, 1987). Briefly, each of the chambers was located in a sound-attenuated cabinet maintained on a 14-h/10-h li ...
... guidelines (Principles of Laboratory Animal Care, National Institutes of Health Publication 85-23). Apparatus. Behavior was monitored in custom-designed activity chambers (Segal and Kuczenski, 1987). Briefly, each of the chambers was located in a sound-attenuated cabinet maintained on a 14-h/10-h li ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.