From Molecule to Dose Form – Accelerated Bioavailability
... Finally, insoluble drugs can be combined with macromolecules. Drug-macromolecule conjugates can: i) assist drug solubilization, ii) decrease drug toxicity, iii) prevent drug degradation and iv) achieve drug targeting [27,28]. Hyaluronic acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG), hydroxypropylmetacrylamide (HP ...
... Finally, insoluble drugs can be combined with macromolecules. Drug-macromolecule conjugates can: i) assist drug solubilization, ii) decrease drug toxicity, iii) prevent drug degradation and iv) achieve drug targeting [27,28]. Hyaluronic acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG), hydroxypropylmetacrylamide (HP ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676.
... Metabolic studies play important role in the drug discovery and development. Metabolism not only helps in the detoxification of xenobiotics, but is also important from the activity/toxicity perspective since the metabolites produced may be active/toxic in nature and produce significant effects in th ...
... Metabolic studies play important role in the drug discovery and development. Metabolism not only helps in the detoxification of xenobiotics, but is also important from the activity/toxicity perspective since the metabolites produced may be active/toxic in nature and produce significant effects in th ...
2003 Colloquium Poster
... 2. Juenke JM, Brown PI, Urry FM, McMillin GA. A procedure for the monitoring of levetiracetam and zonisamide by HPLC-UV. J Anal Toxicol 2006 Jan/Feb 30(1):27-30. ...
... 2. Juenke JM, Brown PI, Urry FM, McMillin GA. A procedure for the monitoring of levetiracetam and zonisamide by HPLC-UV. J Anal Toxicol 2006 Jan/Feb 30(1):27-30. ...
Effectiveness of antihypertensives in black people
... ■ Black people of African or AfroCaribbean origin have higher blood pressure levels and a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to the general UK population. This is associated with higher rates of stroke morbidity and mortality. ■ There is insufficient evidence to conclude that any antihyperte ...
... ■ Black people of African or AfroCaribbean origin have higher blood pressure levels and a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to the general UK population. This is associated with higher rates of stroke morbidity and mortality. ■ There is insufficient evidence to conclude that any antihyperte ...
NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
... • Others believed that mental disorders were caused by inappropriate mothering; it was thought impossible for patients to recover while at home. Part of the treatment was to place the patients in a mental asylum. To simplify management, many of these patients were restrained in straight-jackets and ...
... • Others believed that mental disorders were caused by inappropriate mothering; it was thought impossible for patients to recover while at home. Part of the treatment was to place the patients in a mental asylum. To simplify management, many of these patients were restrained in straight-jackets and ...
important drug warning
... reaction, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to saquinavir, saquinavir mesylate, or any of its ingredients including ritonavir. INVIRASE, when administered with ritonavir, is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment. In patients with underlying hepatitis B or C, cirrhosis, chronic alcoholis ...
... reaction, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to saquinavir, saquinavir mesylate, or any of its ingredients including ritonavir. INVIRASE, when administered with ritonavir, is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment. In patients with underlying hepatitis B or C, cirrhosis, chronic alcoholis ...
... similarity to mianserin, an antidepressant drug with antihistamine and 5-HT2 antagonistic properties [1]. Epinastine was originally introduced as an antihistamine drug without sedative side-effects on the central nervous system, due to favourable physicochemical properties. Its low lipophilicity and ...
Glycolysis as a target for the design of new anti
... acute phase of the disease. There have been significant improvements in the control of Chagas’ disease by breaking the transmission of the disease through targeting the insect vectors.Treatment is available for acute stages of the disease only. New drugs are thus still needed, especially to overcome ...
... acute phase of the disease. There have been significant improvements in the control of Chagas’ disease by breaking the transmission of the disease through targeting the insect vectors.Treatment is available for acute stages of the disease only. New drugs are thus still needed, especially to overcome ...
sult4a1-1 positive - PGXL Laboratories
... prefrontal cortex. Compared to Val/Val, Met/Met patients with depression are more likely to achieve remission when treated with SSRI antidepressants, and Met/Met patients with schizophrenia are more likely to demonstrate improved cognitive effects when treated with antipsychotics. Met/Met patients h ...
... prefrontal cortex. Compared to Val/Val, Met/Met patients with depression are more likely to achieve remission when treated with SSRI antidepressants, and Met/Met patients with schizophrenia are more likely to demonstrate improved cognitive effects when treated with antipsychotics. Met/Met patients h ...
Drug Review - Shodhganga
... Any substance that when taken into the living organism may modify one or more of its function is defined as Drug. W.H.O. has given a more comprehensive definition as “Drug is any substance or product that is used or intended to be used to modify or explore physiological systems or pathological statu ...
... Any substance that when taken into the living organism may modify one or more of its function is defined as Drug. W.H.O. has given a more comprehensive definition as “Drug is any substance or product that is used or intended to be used to modify or explore physiological systems or pathological statu ...
NSAIDs: Friend or Foe
... Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect mainly dependent on COX-2 Unwanted GI side effects due to inhibition of COX-1 ...
... Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect mainly dependent on COX-2 Unwanted GI side effects due to inhibition of COX-1 ...
what is now known as the Hatch-Waxman Act.
... Briefly, this section provides that inventors of pioneer drugs may have their patent terms extended by an amount of time equal to one-half of the FDA’s investigational new drug period. The maximum term of extension is five years, but the effective market exclusivity may not exceed fourteen years. ...
... Briefly, this section provides that inventors of pioneer drugs may have their patent terms extended by an amount of time equal to one-half of the FDA’s investigational new drug period. The maximum term of extension is five years, but the effective market exclusivity may not exceed fourteen years. ...
Compound analgesics and the management of pain
... therapeutic window of the body (see Figure 1). ...
... therapeutic window of the body (see Figure 1). ...
also see p. S21 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... conduct face-to-face interview, obtain old records and medical history, inquire about prior experience with recreational drugs in nonconfrontational manner. periodic review of course of treatment: follow-up visits should include "4 A's": (1) analgesia (scale of 1-10) compared with prior visit. ( ...
... conduct face-to-face interview, obtain old records and medical history, inquire about prior experience with recreational drugs in nonconfrontational manner. periodic review of course of treatment: follow-up visits should include "4 A's": (1) analgesia (scale of 1-10) compared with prior visit. ( ...
Academic paper: A Diarylquinoline Drug Active on the ATP
... proton pump of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. After AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of infectious disease mortality in the world, with 2 million to 3 million deaths per year (1). The TB and HIV epidemics fuel one another in coinfected people, and at least 11 million adults are i ...
... proton pump of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. After AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of infectious disease mortality in the world, with 2 million to 3 million deaths per year (1). The TB and HIV epidemics fuel one another in coinfected people, and at least 11 million adults are i ...
Evaluating drugs used to treat fibromyalgia
... College of Rheumatology, a person is considered to have fibromyalgia if they have unexplained, widespread pain as well as other symptoms such as fatigue, feeling unrefreshed after waking, and thought and memory problems for at least 3 months. As you can see in the diagram to the right, there are nin ...
... College of Rheumatology, a person is considered to have fibromyalgia if they have unexplained, widespread pain as well as other symptoms such as fatigue, feeling unrefreshed after waking, and thought and memory problems for at least 3 months. As you can see in the diagram to the right, there are nin ...
Setor 11. Farmacologia Clínica, Farmacocinética
... Introduction: According to World Health Organization the infertility reaches 15% of active sex life population and 50 % of these cases are caused by male factor as primary factor or in association with female ones. About one-third of reproductive age people smoke cigarettes and it can also be involv ...
... Introduction: According to World Health Organization the infertility reaches 15% of active sex life population and 50 % of these cases are caused by male factor as primary factor or in association with female ones. About one-third of reproductive age people smoke cigarettes and it can also be involv ...
6-General anesthesia..
... is the ratio of anesthetic concentration in blood compared to gas phase. Solubility in blood: •More soluble = slower induction (slow onset) e.g. Halothane slower recovery •Less soluble = faster induction faster ...
... is the ratio of anesthetic concentration in blood compared to gas phase. Solubility in blood: •More soluble = slower induction (slow onset) e.g. Halothane slower recovery •Less soluble = faster induction faster ...
Drugs for Parasitic Infections
... HIV-infected patients may need higher dosage and long-term maintenance (A Kansouzidou et al, J Trav Med 2004; 11:61). A Norberg et al, Clin Microbiol Infect 2003; 9:65. Treatment of choice is slow extraction of worm combined with wound care (C Greenaway, CMAJ 2004; 170:495). 10 days’ treatment with ...
... HIV-infected patients may need higher dosage and long-term maintenance (A Kansouzidou et al, J Trav Med 2004; 11:61). A Norberg et al, Clin Microbiol Infect 2003; 9:65. Treatment of choice is slow extraction of worm combined with wound care (C Greenaway, CMAJ 2004; 170:495). 10 days’ treatment with ...
3 - Neurobiology of Hearing
... significantly higher in the experimental cats cf. control and baseline MLR measurements. If these two results are shown, then there are significant physiological and behavioural effects on sound localization due to physostigmine. In order to reject the hypothesis, either the success rate or the MLR ...
... significantly higher in the experimental cats cf. control and baseline MLR measurements. If these two results are shown, then there are significant physiological and behavioural effects on sound localization due to physostigmine. In order to reject the hypothesis, either the success rate or the MLR ...
EU Initiatives - Global Health Care, LLC
... Committee for Medicinal Products for Human use (CHMP): Draft Guidelines on requirements for first-in-man clinical trials for potential high-risk medicinal products dated March 6, 2007 Criteria to classify new investigational medicinal products as potential high-risk medicinal products Medicinal p ...
... Committee for Medicinal Products for Human use (CHMP): Draft Guidelines on requirements for first-in-man clinical trials for potential high-risk medicinal products dated March 6, 2007 Criteria to classify new investigational medicinal products as potential high-risk medicinal products Medicinal p ...
I. . Chemical Physical Information A. Synonyms:
... Esquivel et al. (1982) investigated the effect of Elmiron on microvascular hemostasis and platelet activity in vivo in the m icrocirculation of rabbit mesentery and ear chamber.• Groups of six New Zealand rabbits of either sex were administered intravenous doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 5 mg/kg Elmiron, ...
... Esquivel et al. (1982) investigated the effect of Elmiron on microvascular hemostasis and platelet activity in vivo in the m icrocirculation of rabbit mesentery and ear chamber.• Groups of six New Zealand rabbits of either sex were administered intravenous doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 5 mg/kg Elmiron, ...
document
... Opium plentiful in the United States mainly due to more than 70,000 Chinese workers coming to the United States to build railroads With the influx of Chinese workers came a penchant for smoking opium ...
... Opium plentiful in the United States mainly due to more than 70,000 Chinese workers coming to the United States to build railroads With the influx of Chinese workers came a penchant for smoking opium ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.