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Design and Optimization of Sustained
Design and Optimization of Sustained

... response. Evaluation of these diagrams in formulations containing three or more components is very useful. Each component in the mixture has a trace, which represents its variation along the relevant axis. According to Fig. 2, lactose decreased Carr’s Index and thus results in better flowability. Th ...
The impact of polypharmacology on chemical biology Albert Antolín Hernández
The impact of polypharmacology on chemical biology Albert Antolín Hernández

... discipline from medicine.9 However, it was Oswald Schmiedeberg, a student of Buchheim and the author of the classic text Outline of Pharmacology, who is considered the true founder of modern pharmacology.6 One of the key theories that originated during the late 19th century was the side-chain theory ...
National Cutting Horse Association
National Cutting Horse Association

... drugs like morphine. Drug interactions The occurrence and potential hazards of drug interactions must be considered with therapeutic use of the NSAIDs. In general, any two NSAIDs administered together will be additive in their effect. Since all NSAIDs act by the same mechanism of COX inhibition, hig ...
Document
Document

... Inhalation: (MDI, Nebulizer); Is the best. Why? Oral: children < 5 years-prophylaxis Parenteral: rarely used e.g. in SA Compare between oral and inhalation B2 agonists? Dosesystemic effect-distribution in lung-Compliance-ease of ...
benzodiazpines
benzodiazpines

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Position Statement on the Return and Reuse of Prescription
Position Statement on the Return and Reuse of Prescription

... This task force recognized that the amount of unused medications is a major issue and recommended that NABP collaborate with stakeholders to develop strategies that will minimize the amount of unused medications. Additionally, the task force reviewed the existing Position Statement and determined th ...
AnaSed® Injection (xylazine sterile solution) 100 mg/mL
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... within 10 to 15 minutes after intramuscular injection in horses and Cervidae, and within 3 to 5 minutes following intravenous administration in horses. A sleeplike state, the depth of which is dose-dependent, is usually maintained for 1 to 2 hours, while analgesia lasts from 15 to 30 minutes.The cen ...
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[acute trust logo] - Coastal West Sussex Formulary
[acute trust logo] - Coastal West Sussex Formulary

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Supplementary Methods
Supplementary Methods

... It was calculated as the algebraic sum of standardized scores of each of the three addictionlike criteria. Standardization consisted in subtracting the mean of the group to each individual score and then dividing this number by the standard deviation. This procedure yields scores which have a mean o ...
Full-text  - Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Full-text - Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

... values of the Michaelis-Menten parameters may be obtained. In many views this approach is cumbersome and not practicable in clinical situations (too many samples, regular treatment is with multiple doses, etc.). ...
1st Medicon Valley Inhalation Symposium
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... Soft drugs are drugs which are characterized by a predictable and controllable in vivo destruction (i.e. metabolism) to non-toxic products after they have achieved their therapeutic role. Budesonide is quickly oxidized in the  liver to 16α‐hydroxyprednisolone ...
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Information Guide ot Antidepressants | March 2009
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... of decades. These have improved the care of patients with many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, asthma, gastrointestinal diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. Good progress has also been made in treatment of many cancers. Despite these advances, caution is urged when you and your physician c ...
Reflection paper on the use of cocrystals of active - EMA
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... also contains lignans are phenylpropanoid dimers with antioxidant and free radical scavanging properties  present in many plants but especially soy beans and flaxseed and red clover  Some evidence that ingestion of lignans may decrease risk of some cancers (breast)  act like phytoestrogens ...
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... Biologics- What are they? Biological products include a wide range of products such as vaccines, blood and blood components, allergenics, somatic cells, gene therapy, tissues, and recombinant therapeutic proteins. Biologics can be composed of sugars, proteins, or nucleic acids or complex combinatio ...
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... In fact, the alcohol/cocaine combination is far from benign.7 This mixture produces an active metabolite—cocaethylene—which increases the euphoric effects of cocaine. This metabolite is more toxic than cocaine taken on its own.5,25 For example, cocaethylene has a half-life that is three times greate ...
Client information sheet 2 - Veterinary Oncology Consultants
Client information sheet 2 - Veterinary Oncology Consultants

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Drug interaction



A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.
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