IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676.
... 2005. The annual number of AIDS deaths can be expected to increase for many years to come, unless more effective and patient compliant anti-retroviral medications are available at affordable prices [3]. The major drawbacks of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of AIDS are their adverse side effe ...
... 2005. The annual number of AIDS deaths can be expected to increase for many years to come, unless more effective and patient compliant anti-retroviral medications are available at affordable prices [3]. The major drawbacks of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of AIDS are their adverse side effe ...
Drugs of Abuse, Driving and Traffic Safety
... that driving is safe when no effects are found in the on-theroad driving test. For example, studies investigating the acute effects of methylenedioxi-methamphetamine (MDMA) on driving performance indicate that MDMA improved driving performance in the on-the-road driving test, whereas impairments wer ...
... that driving is safe when no effects are found in the on-theroad driving test. For example, studies investigating the acute effects of methylenedioxi-methamphetamine (MDMA) on driving performance indicate that MDMA improved driving performance in the on-the-road driving test, whereas impairments wer ...
Xl Annual Scientific Meeting, Argentine Society of Experimental
... Livestock animals are exposed to a variety of xenobiotics during their production cycles. These compounds are likely to be metabolized by different enzymatic systems from both hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues. As a result of these enzyme reactions (biotransformations), the metabolic product is gene ...
... Livestock animals are exposed to a variety of xenobiotics during their production cycles. These compounds are likely to be metabolized by different enzymatic systems from both hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues. As a result of these enzyme reactions (biotransformations), the metabolic product is gene ...
Analgesic Best Practice for the Use of Animals in Research and
... procedures. A basic Medline literature search of the common animal models that involve routine surgical procedures will show that the most common anaesthetic used in rodents is still the barbiturate pentobarbitone sodium, also often known as Nembutal. This drug is generally administered by the intra ...
... procedures. A basic Medline literature search of the common animal models that involve routine surgical procedures will show that the most common anaesthetic used in rodents is still the barbiturate pentobarbitone sodium, also often known as Nembutal. This drug is generally administered by the intra ...
Pharm Chapter 15 [4-20
... Antiepileptic drugs that work directly on sodium channels to increase channel inactivation, and therefore increase inhibition at the single cell level: o Phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, lacosamide, and valproic acid ...
... Antiepileptic drugs that work directly on sodium channels to increase channel inactivation, and therefore increase inhibition at the single cell level: o Phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, lacosamide, and valproic acid ...
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews SEEKING, reward, addiction, and withdrawal
... are able to strengthen behaviors that promote continued drug consumption. Then, drug-seeking behaviors become compulsive, even when paired with negative consequences (Wise, 1998). A common misconception holds that only humans possess a susceptibility for these phenomena and it may explain why evolut ...
... are able to strengthen behaviors that promote continued drug consumption. Then, drug-seeking behaviors become compulsive, even when paired with negative consequences (Wise, 1998). A common misconception holds that only humans possess a susceptibility for these phenomena and it may explain why evolut ...
nausea and vomiting - KSU Faculty Member websites
... This receptor subtype is widely distributed in the CNS, particularly the hippocampus, septum and amygdala, areas. It is thought to be associated with the control of mood. 5HT1A receptors seem to modulate anxiety: mice lacking the 5-HT1A receptor show increased anxiety responses in behavioral tests ( ...
... This receptor subtype is widely distributed in the CNS, particularly the hippocampus, septum and amygdala, areas. It is thought to be associated with the control of mood. 5HT1A receptors seem to modulate anxiety: mice lacking the 5-HT1A receptor show increased anxiety responses in behavioral tests ( ...
Cirrhosis
... • Another recent, large, well-controlled clinical trial of EGb 761 sponsored by its manufacturer involved patients with mild or moderate dementia. • The results showed no "systematic and clinically meaningful effect of gingko" on any of the cognitive tests used. ...
... • Another recent, large, well-controlled clinical trial of EGb 761 sponsored by its manufacturer involved patients with mild or moderate dementia. • The results showed no "systematic and clinically meaningful effect of gingko" on any of the cognitive tests used. ...
Drug List
... 27-Diabetic; Adult 31-Overdose Toxic Ingestion 58-Pediatric Diabetic 60-Ped OD Toxic Ingestion Indications/Contraindications: Drug acting to release glucose into blood stream by glycogen breakdown Use in patients with no IV access ...
... 27-Diabetic; Adult 31-Overdose Toxic Ingestion 58-Pediatric Diabetic 60-Ped OD Toxic Ingestion Indications/Contraindications: Drug acting to release glucose into blood stream by glycogen breakdown Use in patients with no IV access ...
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1 NAME OF THE
... Overdose may cause hyperpnoea, nausea and convulsions. Particular care should be paid to administration in the elderly and infants. Over-rapid infusion may lead to hyperosmolarity. In cases of overdosage, the infusion of sodium bicarbonate should be discontinued immediately and metabolic alkalosis c ...
... Overdose may cause hyperpnoea, nausea and convulsions. Particular care should be paid to administration in the elderly and infants. Over-rapid infusion may lead to hyperosmolarity. In cases of overdosage, the infusion of sodium bicarbonate should be discontinued immediately and metabolic alkalosis c ...
Breathe in, Breathe out, How to Pick `em Out: Selecting Inhalers for
... – Only small amount available for systemic absorption ...
... – Only small amount available for systemic absorption ...
Diuretics - JUdoctors
... Loop diuretics ↑ excretion of Na+, Cl-, K+, H+, H2O and HCO3- (weak CA inhibitory effect) They are effective orally (OOA 30-60 min ; DOA ≈ 6 hrs) and parenterally (OOA 5 min; DOA ≈ 2 hrs) more rapid effect in IV preparation They are albumin bound, eliminated in urine by filtration and tubular secre ...
... Loop diuretics ↑ excretion of Na+, Cl-, K+, H+, H2O and HCO3- (weak CA inhibitory effect) They are effective orally (OOA 30-60 min ; DOA ≈ 6 hrs) and parenterally (OOA 5 min; DOA ≈ 2 hrs) more rapid effect in IV preparation They are albumin bound, eliminated in urine by filtration and tubular secre ...
Adreno-cortico-steroids, Inhibitors, and Antagonists
... 7. A long-term corticosteroid therapy should be considered only when there is either an undisputed therapeutic indication or after other therapeutic measures have failed. ...
... 7. A long-term corticosteroid therapy should be considered only when there is either an undisputed therapeutic indication or after other therapeutic measures have failed. ...
Nonclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of EPZ
... proof of concept in histone methyltransferase (HMT) inhibition [9,10]. Further expansion of our medicinal chemistry efforts generated the potent molecule EPZ-5676 ((2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5((((1r,3S)-3-(2-(5-(tert-butyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) ethyl)cyclobutyl)(isopropyl)amino)met ...
... proof of concept in histone methyltransferase (HMT) inhibition [9,10]. Further expansion of our medicinal chemistry efforts generated the potent molecule EPZ-5676 ((2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5((((1r,3S)-3-(2-(5-(tert-butyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) ethyl)cyclobutyl)(isopropyl)amino)met ...
Tramadol - Wayne Anderson
... prescriber before starting the medication. Any medication may interfere with the ability to drive, concentrate, or operate machinery; patients must be responsible for their own behavior and should not engage in any dangerous activity if there is any question of impairment. All medications have side ...
... prescriber before starting the medication. Any medication may interfere with the ability to drive, concentrate, or operate machinery; patients must be responsible for their own behavior and should not engage in any dangerous activity if there is any question of impairment. All medications have side ...
Synthesis and Pharmacological Screening of novel 1,5
... Group-I : Control Group-II : Ficus bengalensis.Linn aqueous extract was administered at a dose of 200mg/kg/day by oral route for 14 days Group-III : Ficus bengalensis.Linn aqueous extract was administered at a dose of 400mg/kg/day by oral route for 14 days Group-IV : Standard - Levamisole was admini ...
... Group-I : Control Group-II : Ficus bengalensis.Linn aqueous extract was administered at a dose of 200mg/kg/day by oral route for 14 days Group-III : Ficus bengalensis.Linn aqueous extract was administered at a dose of 400mg/kg/day by oral route for 14 days Group-IV : Standard - Levamisole was admini ...
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Case
... signs of hyperactivity, those symptoms are often less overt than in their younger counterparts. These features, coupled with disorganization, are especially detrimental to home and work life for adults. Statistically, these symptoms are manifested in higher rates of car accidents, job turnover, and ...
... signs of hyperactivity, those symptoms are often less overt than in their younger counterparts. These features, coupled with disorganization, are especially detrimental to home and work life for adults. Statistically, these symptoms are manifested in higher rates of car accidents, job turnover, and ...
Cortisol Calm - Pure Encapsulations
... sleep, positive mood and cognitive function. The effects were most pronounced for subjects taking 500 mg per day compared to lesser doses. Rhodiola and magnolia may also maintain healthy adrenal cortisol activity and offer support for stress, mood and emotional well-being. ...
... sleep, positive mood and cognitive function. The effects were most pronounced for subjects taking 500 mg per day compared to lesser doses. Rhodiola and magnolia may also maintain healthy adrenal cortisol activity and offer support for stress, mood and emotional well-being. ...
Mechanistic Pharmacokinetic Modeling for the Prediction of
... proven particularly successful for highly permeable compounds for which metabolism is the predominant clearance (CL) mechanism, with negligible contribution of transporters to the overall disposition of these molecules (biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system classes 1 and 2) (Wu and ...
... proven particularly successful for highly permeable compounds for which metabolism is the predominant clearance (CL) mechanism, with negligible contribution of transporters to the overall disposition of these molecules (biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system classes 1 and 2) (Wu and ...
MODIFIED DIBUTYRYLCHITIN FILMS AS MATRICES FOR
... The results of swelling kinetics indicate the influence of hydrophilic nanoclay. Dibutyrylchitin film with an addition of nanoclay shows a higher equilibrium degree of swelling (α1max = 18%) in comparison with film without the additive (α2max = 13%). Peppas model was fitted to the obtained experimen ...
... The results of swelling kinetics indicate the influence of hydrophilic nanoclay. Dibutyrylchitin film with an addition of nanoclay shows a higher equilibrium degree of swelling (α1max = 18%) in comparison with film without the additive (α2max = 13%). Peppas model was fitted to the obtained experimen ...
Chapter 4
... Metabolic Tolerance – Increase of alcohol digesting enzyme by the liver Behavioral Tolerance – Brain adapts to amount of drug present. A tolerant person can have a BAC 2x the amount of a nontolerant and act the same Environmental – the same environment over time when drinking increases tolerance. Ch ...
... Metabolic Tolerance – Increase of alcohol digesting enzyme by the liver Behavioral Tolerance – Brain adapts to amount of drug present. A tolerant person can have a BAC 2x the amount of a nontolerant and act the same Environmental – the same environment over time when drinking increases tolerance. Ch ...
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF RUPATADINE FUMARATE AND MONTELUKAST SODIUM IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
... Tablets were finely powdered and mixed thoroughly. Quantity of tablet powder equivalent to 10 mg of RUPA and 10 mg of MONT was weighed accurately, dissolved in 50 ml methanol and sonicated for 20 min. The solution was filtered through Whatman filter paper (No. 41) ...
... Tablets were finely powdered and mixed thoroughly. Quantity of tablet powder equivalent to 10 mg of RUPA and 10 mg of MONT was weighed accurately, dissolved in 50 ml methanol and sonicated for 20 min. The solution was filtered through Whatman filter paper (No. 41) ...
Substance Related Disorders
... play a key role in the development and maintenance of substance abuse ...
... play a key role in the development and maintenance of substance abuse ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.