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The Changing Faces of the Earth`s Magnetic Field
The Changing Faces of the Earth`s Magnetic Field

... the entire surface area of the globe is covered by water. Below the mostly solid crust* is the mantle, which is a sort of very viscous fluid. Lying underneath the mantle is even more fluid in the liquid outer core* convecting between the mantle and the solid inner core. The ability to determine the ...
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... The PELLIS ion source shown in figure 1 is a filament-driven multicusp ion source with 78 mm plasma chamber diameter. The plasma confinement is achieved with 16 10 × 10 × 120 mm NdFeB-42 magnets in a multicusp arrangement immersed in cooling water. On the ion source back plate there are 4 rows of 7× ...
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Unit 13 - Magnetism
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© NCERT not to be republished
© NCERT not to be republished

... 2. Fresh connecting wires also have an insulating enamel layer at the top. Similarly the connecting wires lying unused for some time may also develop an insulating layer. (How?) It is therefore important to clean the ends of connecting wires using a sand paper. 3. Draw a circuit diagram for the seri ...
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lesson content goals guiding questions

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Magnet



A magnet (from Greek μαγνήτις λίθος magnḗtis líthos, ""Magnesian stone"") is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, and attracts or repels other magnets.A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field. An everyday example is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. Materials that can be magnetized, which are also the ones that are strongly attracted to a magnet, are called ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic). These include iron, nickel, cobalt, some alloys of rare earth metals, and some naturally occurring minerals such as lodestone. Although ferromagnetic (and ferrimagnetic) materials are the only ones attracted to a magnet strongly enough to be commonly considered magnetic, all other substances respond weakly to a magnetic field, by one of several other types of magnetism.Ferromagnetic materials can be divided into magnetically ""soft"" materials like annealed iron, which can be magnetized but do not tend to stay magnetized, and magnetically ""hard"" materials, which do. Permanent magnets are made from ""hard"" ferromagnetic materials such as alnico and ferrite that are subjected to special processing in a powerful magnetic field during manufacture, to align their internal microcrystalline structure, making them very hard to demagnetize. To demagnetize a saturated magnet, a certain magnetic field must be applied, and this threshold depends on coercivity of the respective material. ""Hard"" materials have high coercivity, whereas ""soft"" materials have low coercivity.An electromagnet is made from a coil of wire that acts as a magnet when an electric current passes through it but stops being a magnet when the current stops. Often, the coil is wrapped around a core of ""soft"" ferromagnetic material such as steel, which greatly enhances the magnetic field produced by the coil.The overall strength of a magnet is measured by its magnetic moment or, alternatively, the total magnetic flux it produces. The local strength of magnetism in a material is measured by its magnetization.
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