thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism
... (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) respond primarily to circulating serum T4, converted in the hypothalamus and pituitary to T3 by the 5=-deiodinase type 2 (D2). The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is required for T3 transport into the pituitary and hypothalamus. A, parvalbuminergic ne ...
... (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) respond primarily to circulating serum T4, converted in the hypothalamus and pituitary to T3 by the 5=-deiodinase type 2 (D2). The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is required for T3 transport into the pituitary and hypothalamus. A, parvalbuminergic ne ...
THYROID HORMONE REGULATION OF METABOLISM
... (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) respond primarily to circulating serum T4, converted in the hypothalamus and pituitary to T3 by the 5=-deiodinase type 2 (D2). The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is required for T3 transport into the pituitary and hypothalamus. A, parvalbuminergic ne ...
... (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) respond primarily to circulating serum T4, converted in the hypothalamus and pituitary to T3 by the 5=-deiodinase type 2 (D2). The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is required for T3 transport into the pituitary and hypothalamus. A, parvalbuminergic ne ...
Thyroid Function and Blood Pressure Homeostasis in Euthyroid
... thought to be the main pathophysiological mechanism by which hypertension is associated with the hypothyroid state (1, 2). Hypothyroidism also leads to alterations in sodium homeostasis, and blood pressure salt sensitivity is reported in hypothyroid patients (3). The upper limit of the normal range ...
... thought to be the main pathophysiological mechanism by which hypertension is associated with the hypothyroid state (1, 2). Hypothyroidism also leads to alterations in sodium homeostasis, and blood pressure salt sensitivity is reported in hypothyroid patients (3). The upper limit of the normal range ...
TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma
... interactions with somatostatin receptors (sstr). It is postulated that effects on TSH secretion are mediated via interactions with sstr2 and that tumour size reduction is effected via interactions with sstr5. Potentially only those tumours expressing sstr5 will reduce in size in response to a somato ...
... interactions with somatostatin receptors (sstr). It is postulated that effects on TSH secretion are mediated via interactions with sstr2 and that tumour size reduction is effected via interactions with sstr5. Potentially only those tumours expressing sstr5 will reduce in size in response to a somato ...
THE EFFECT AND DEPENDENCY OF L
... removing part of the gland, iodine therapy, and the use anti-thyroid drugs. Another disease associated with the thyroid gland is hypothyroidism (Kasper, 2005). Kasper describes hypothyroidism as a decrease in thyroid function and hormone production. The disorder can be subdivided into two types. Fir ...
... removing part of the gland, iodine therapy, and the use anti-thyroid drugs. Another disease associated with the thyroid gland is hypothyroidism (Kasper, 2005). Kasper describes hypothyroidism as a decrease in thyroid function and hormone production. The disorder can be subdivided into two types. Fir ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... controls was obtained prior to the study. In all patients, a complete history was taken including age of onset, duration, family history of vitiligo .The diagnosis of vitiligo was made on clinical grounds. A thorough dermatological examination was done and an approximate percentage of the body surfa ...
... controls was obtained prior to the study. In all patients, a complete history was taken including age of onset, duration, family history of vitiligo .The diagnosis of vitiligo was made on clinical grounds. A thorough dermatological examination was done and an approximate percentage of the body surfa ...
An Analytical Study for Early Diagnosis and Treatment
... properties of thyroid hormone preparations, including medication that may arise after the efficacy and possible adverse reactions such as allergic reactions or toxicity. Based on children’s age, physical condition and other treatments while receiving, then you not only have to consider the medicatio ...
... properties of thyroid hormone preparations, including medication that may arise after the efficacy and possible adverse reactions such as allergic reactions or toxicity. Based on children’s age, physical condition and other treatments while receiving, then you not only have to consider the medicatio ...
A comparative study of the ionic and total calcium levels in women
... Our study showed that serum total calcium and ionic calcium were significantly decreased in hypothyroidism group when compared with hyperthyroidism subjects and healthy control subjects. In both the groups II and III, total calcium was inversely correlated with the TSH level. Thyroid disease is a pa ...
... Our study showed that serum total calcium and ionic calcium were significantly decreased in hypothyroidism group when compared with hyperthyroidism subjects and healthy control subjects. In both the groups II and III, total calcium was inversely correlated with the TSH level. Thyroid disease is a pa ...
Highly Sensitive lmmunoenzymometricAssay for Human Thyrotropin
... hemagglutination technique: Its usefulness in the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease. Clin Endocrinol 5, 115-125 (1976). 8. Amino N, Yabu Y, Miki T, et al. Serum ratio of triiodothyronine to thyroxine, and thyroxine-binding globulin and calcitonin concentrations in Graves’ disease and destructi ...
... hemagglutination technique: Its usefulness in the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease. Clin Endocrinol 5, 115-125 (1976). 8. Amino N, Yabu Y, Miki T, et al. Serum ratio of triiodothyronine to thyroxine, and thyroxine-binding globulin and calcitonin concentrations in Graves’ disease and destructi ...
Article On Thyroid And Magnesium Deficiency
... the process of photosynthesis would not go on. When magnesium is deficient things begin to die. In reality we cannot take a breath, move a muscle or think a thought without enough magnesium in our cells.” Let’s first see how magnesium’s influence on stabilizing the thyroid gland: THE IMPORTANCE OF M ...
... the process of photosynthesis would not go on. When magnesium is deficient things begin to die. In reality we cannot take a breath, move a muscle or think a thought without enough magnesium in our cells.” Let’s first see how magnesium’s influence on stabilizing the thyroid gland: THE IMPORTANCE OF M ...
Thyroid Function Tests in Nonthyroidal Illness
... concentration is markedly decreased. Hence in complicated clinical situations such as severe NTI, decrease in serum albumin concentration results in less binding of tracer by albumin and thus produces artifactually lowered free T4 measurements. Figure 1 demonstrates the correlation between serum alb ...
... concentration is markedly decreased. Hence in complicated clinical situations such as severe NTI, decrease in serum albumin concentration results in less binding of tracer by albumin and thus produces artifactually lowered free T4 measurements. Figure 1 demonstrates the correlation between serum alb ...
Thyroid hormones correlate with field metabolic rate in ponies
... conditions for one year. During the summer period all ponies were kept on permanent pastures (~ 2 hectares) partly covered with trees and bushes as natural shelter. In winter ponies were kept on paddocks at the research stable at the Department of Animal Sciences of the University of Göttingen (Gött ...
... conditions for one year. During the summer period all ponies were kept on permanent pastures (~ 2 hectares) partly covered with trees and bushes as natural shelter. In winter ponies were kept on paddocks at the research stable at the Department of Animal Sciences of the University of Göttingen (Gött ...
Thyroid: biological actions of `nonclassical` thyroid hormones
... lagged behind hypothermia, bradycardia, or hyperglycemia (1 h after injection). I.v. infusion with a low T1AM dose (0.5 mg/kg) into nonfasted naive rats rapidly increased endogenous glucose production and plasma glucose, plasma glucagon, and corticosterone, but did not affect plasma insulin (Kliever ...
... lagged behind hypothermia, bradycardia, or hyperglycemia (1 h after injection). I.v. infusion with a low T1AM dose (0.5 mg/kg) into nonfasted naive rats rapidly increased endogenous glucose production and plasma glucose, plasma glucagon, and corticosterone, but did not affect plasma insulin (Kliever ...
Atrial Fibrillation - Hormone Restoration
... euthyroid patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Yonsei Med J. 1995 Nov;36(5):448-56. Atrial fibrillation may occur in patients with a variety of cardiovascular or chronic disease as well as in normal subjects. Many authors reported that atrial fibrillation occurs in patients with thyrotoxico ...
... euthyroid patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Yonsei Med J. 1995 Nov;36(5):448-56. Atrial fibrillation may occur in patients with a variety of cardiovascular or chronic disease as well as in normal subjects. Many authors reported that atrial fibrillation occurs in patients with thyrotoxico ...
Correlation of serum thyroid hormones and prolactin levels to female
... individuals reported higher basal levels of Prolactin in obese individuals.20 However, this is in contrast to a recent study in general population where no correlation was observed between serum Prolactin and obesity. In the present study context also the P value is found to be insignificant (0.093) ...
... individuals reported higher basal levels of Prolactin in obese individuals.20 However, this is in contrast to a recent study in general population where no correlation was observed between serum Prolactin and obesity. In the present study context also the P value is found to be insignificant (0.093) ...
Thyroid hormone metabolism in poultry
... Fabricius. Type III activity is present in all embryonic tissues studied. By far the greatest D3 activity is found in embryonic liver where D3 levels around day 17 of incubation can be more than 2000 fmol T3 deiodinated per mg protein and per minute compared to less than 20 in other tissues. In most ...
... Fabricius. Type III activity is present in all embryonic tissues studied. By far the greatest D3 activity is found in embryonic liver where D3 levels around day 17 of incubation can be more than 2000 fmol T3 deiodinated per mg protein and per minute compared to less than 20 in other tissues. In most ...
Direct Stimulation of Bone Resorption by Thyroid Hormones
... 10 ,uM was tested because the shallow dose-response curves and slow time-course of the thyroid hormone effects resemble the properties of prostaglandins in this system. If the effects of thyroid hormone on bone resorption were due to prostaglandin synthesis by the cultured bone cells, as can occur i ...
... 10 ,uM was tested because the shallow dose-response curves and slow time-course of the thyroid hormone effects resemble the properties of prostaglandins in this system. If the effects of thyroid hormone on bone resorption were due to prostaglandin synthesis by the cultured bone cells, as can occur i ...
A mathematical model describing the thyroid
... others, who reported that the thyroid of hypophysectomized animals was unable to trap radioactive iodide, and that this ability was restored by the administration of thyrotropin. Though, it is not necessary to identify the enzymes involved, they can be thought to be a peroxidase which oxidizes iodi ...
... others, who reported that the thyroid of hypophysectomized animals was unable to trap radioactive iodide, and that this ability was restored by the administration of thyrotropin. Though, it is not necessary to identify the enzymes involved, they can be thought to be a peroxidase which oxidizes iodi ...
Cigarette Smoking and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Males
... smokers than among former smokers (1.9 mU/l versus 2.3 mU/l, P , 0.05) and never smokers (1.9 mU/l versus 2.3 mU/l, P , 0.05). Thyroid stimulating hormone levels <0.5 mU/l were found among 6.6% of current smokers, 5.3% of former smokers, and 3.7% of never smokers (P = 0.002, Figure 1). In the analys ...
... smokers than among former smokers (1.9 mU/l versus 2.3 mU/l, P , 0.05) and never smokers (1.9 mU/l versus 2.3 mU/l, P , 0.05). Thyroid stimulating hormone levels <0.5 mU/l were found among 6.6% of current smokers, 5.3% of former smokers, and 3.7% of never smokers (P = 0.002, Figure 1). In the analys ...
TSH is Not the Answer: Rationale for a New
... past eight years of treating over 15,000 obese patients with a healthy low carbohydrate, low fat diet, supplements to correct any nutritional deficits from the low calorie diet, a program of light exercise, and various medications for appetite control used both on and off label. The weight loss in o ...
... past eight years of treating over 15,000 obese patients with a healthy low carbohydrate, low fat diet, supplements to correct any nutritional deficits from the low calorie diet, a program of light exercise, and various medications for appetite control used both on and off label. The weight loss in o ...
THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) ENZYME
... The specimens shall be blood serum in type and the usual precautions in the collection of venipuncture samples should be observed. For accurate comparison to established normal values, a fasting morning serum sample should be obtained. The blood should be collected in a plain red-top venipuncture tu ...
... The specimens shall be blood serum in type and the usual precautions in the collection of venipuncture samples should be observed. For accurate comparison to established normal values, a fasting morning serum sample should be obtained. The blood should be collected in a plain red-top venipuncture tu ...
Beyond the fixed setpoint of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis
... speculates about their functional role. Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone neurons were identified as key components of thyroid hormone (TH) setpoint regulation already in the 1980s, and this was followed by the demonstration of a pivotal role for the thyroid hormone receptor beta in negativ ...
... speculates about their functional role. Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone neurons were identified as key components of thyroid hormone (TH) setpoint regulation already in the 1980s, and this was followed by the demonstration of a pivotal role for the thyroid hormone receptor beta in negativ ...
Is there an ideal algorithm in preoperative localisation of primary
... later in the study. This applies to both planar and SPECT acquisition, during a dual phase single tracer 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy or during a dual tracer 99mTc-Pertechnetate/99mTc-MIBI subtraction scintigraphy. 99m Tc-Pertechnetate/99mTc-MIBI subtraction scintigraphy is based on obtaining a thyroid p ...
... later in the study. This applies to both planar and SPECT acquisition, during a dual phase single tracer 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy or during a dual tracer 99mTc-Pertechnetate/99mTc-MIBI subtraction scintigraphy. 99m Tc-Pertechnetate/99mTc-MIBI subtraction scintigraphy is based on obtaining a thyroid p ...
Human Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
... various non-thyroidal diseases. The Thyroid Uptake (T-Up) test is an indirect measurement of empty binding sites for T4 on the TBG molecule (unsaturated TBG) in the patient specimen. The number obtained from the multiplication of the Total T4 concentration by the Thyroid Uptake value is called a Fre ...
... various non-thyroidal diseases. The Thyroid Uptake (T-Up) test is an indirect measurement of empty binding sites for T4 on the TBG molecule (unsaturated TBG) in the patient specimen. The number obtained from the multiplication of the Total T4 concentration by the Thyroid Uptake value is called a Fre ...
Maternal Thyroid and Glucocorticoid Hormone Interactions in Larval
... before fetal thyroid hormone production has begun (Patel et al., 2011). Incidental elevations of circulating maternal THs in pregnant sheep result in changes of the texture and color of wool in the resultant lambs (Kenyon et al., 2004). Elevated maternal circulating levels of thyroxin (T4) during hu ...
... before fetal thyroid hormone production has begun (Patel et al., 2011). Incidental elevations of circulating maternal THs in pregnant sheep result in changes of the texture and color of wool in the resultant lambs (Kenyon et al., 2004). Elevated maternal circulating levels of thyroxin (T4) during hu ...
Iodine-131
Iodine-131 (131I), also loosely and nonspecifically called radioiodine, is an important radioisotope of iodine discovered by Glenn Seaborg and John Livingood in 1938 at the University of California, Berkeley. It has a radioactive decay half-life of about eight days. It is associated with nuclear energy, medical diagnostic and treatment procedures, and natural gas production. It also plays a major role as a radioactive isotope present in nuclear fission products, and was a significant contributor to the health hazards from open-air atomic bomb testing in the 1950s, and from the Chernobyl disaster, as well as being a large fraction of the contamination hazard in the first weeks in the Fukushima nuclear crisis. This is because I-131 is a major uranium, plutonium fission product, comprising nearly 3% of the total products of fission (by weight). See fission product yield for a comparison with other radioactive fission products. I-131 is also a major fission product of uranium-233, produced from thorium.Due to its mode of beta decay, iodine-131 is notable for causing mutation and death in cells that it penetrates, and other cells up to several millimeters away. For this reason, high doses of the isotope are sometimes less dangerous than low doses, since they tend to kill thyroid tissues that would otherwise become cancerous as a result of the radiation. For example, children treated with moderate dose of I-131 for thyroid adenomas had a detectable increase in thyroid cancer, but children treated with a much higher dose did not. Likewise, most studies of very-high-dose I-131 for treatment of Graves disease have failed to find any increase in thyroid cancer, even though there is linear increase in thyroid cancer risk with I-131 absorption at moderate doses. Thus, iodine-131 is increasingly less employed in small doses in medical use (especially in children), but increasingly is used only in large and maximal treatment doses, as a way of killing targeted tissues. This is known as ""therapeutic use.""Iodine-131 can be ""seen"" by nuclear medicine imaging techniques (i.e., gamma cameras) whenever it is given for therapeutic use, since about 10% of its energy and radiation dose is via gamma radiation. However, since the other 90% of radiation (beta radiation) causes tissue damage without contributing to any ability to see or ""image"" the isotope, other less-damaging radioisotopes of iodine such as iodine-123 (see isotopes of iodine) are preferred in situations when only nuclear imaging is required. The isotope I-131 is still occasionally used for purely diagnostic (i.e., imaging) work, due to its low expense compared to other iodine radioisotopes. Very small medical imaging doses of I-131 have not shown any increase in thyroid cancer. The low-cost availability of I-131, in turn, is due to the relative ease of creating I-131 by neutron bombardment of natural tellurium in a nuclear reactor, then separating I-131 out by various simple methods (i.e., heating to drive off the volatile iodine). By contrast, other iodine radioisotopes are usually created by far more expensive techniques, starting with reactor radiation of expensive capsules of pressurized xenon gas.Iodine-131 is also one of the most commonly used gamma-emitting radioactive industrial tracer. Radioactive tracer isotopes are injected with hydraulic fracturing fluid to determine the injection profile and location of fractures created by hydraulic fracturing.Much smaller incidental doses of iodine-131 than those used in medical therapeutic procedures, are thought to be the major cause of increased thyroid cancers after accidental nuclear contamination. These cancers happen from residual tissue radiation damage caused by the I-131, and usually appear years after exposure, long after the I-131 has decayed.