Usefulness of serum thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH)
... our study, the TSH was regarded as a more sensitive marker than T3, T4, FT3, FT4, and FT3/FT4, suggesting that it is a useful indicator for assessing severity, and it may play an important role in elucidating the prognosis of ACLF patients. Thyroid hormones are potent mediators of multiple physiolog ...
... our study, the TSH was regarded as a more sensitive marker than T3, T4, FT3, FT4, and FT3/FT4, suggesting that it is a useful indicator for assessing severity, and it may play an important role in elucidating the prognosis of ACLF patients. Thyroid hormones are potent mediators of multiple physiolog ...
THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS AND RADIOACTIVITY
... decay into a proton plus an electron (and also an antineutrino, a tiny particle we will not discuss here). About half of a bunch of lone neutrons will decay in 11 minutes. Particles that decay by spontaneously emitting charged particles and energy are said to be radioactive. Radioactivity inside ato ...
... decay into a proton plus an electron (and also an antineutrino, a tiny particle we will not discuss here). About half of a bunch of lone neutrons will decay in 11 minutes. Particles that decay by spontaneously emitting charged particles and energy are said to be radioactive. Radioactivity inside ato ...
A thyrotropin‑secreting macroadenoma with positive growth
... bilateral optic atrophy.[9] Our case was in the third decade and was diagnosed as having macroadenoma during the investigations performed for complaints of blurred vision, which was caused by compression of the optic nerve. While the patient was clinically euthyroid, thyroid hormones were inappropri ...
... bilateral optic atrophy.[9] Our case was in the third decade and was diagnosed as having macroadenoma during the investigations performed for complaints of blurred vision, which was caused by compression of the optic nerve. While the patient was clinically euthyroid, thyroid hormones were inappropri ...
(Sporadic) Patient Information Book 2016
... How is MTC Diagnosed? In most cases, patients may notice a lump in the neck which was not there before, or this may be noticed by a partner or colleague. Sometimes MTC may cause diarrhoea, although it is not immediately clear that this may be related to a problem in the neck. In some families there ...
... How is MTC Diagnosed? In most cases, patients may notice a lump in the neck which was not there before, or this may be noticed by a partner or colleague. Sometimes MTC may cause diarrhoea, although it is not immediately clear that this may be related to a problem in the neck. In some families there ...
PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION
... exposure for members of the public, and even in two major nuclear accidents – Three Mile Island and Fukushima – exposure to radiation has caused no harm to the public. Radiation protection standards assume that any dose of radiation, no matter how small, involves a possible risk to human health. Th ...
... exposure for members of the public, and even in two major nuclear accidents – Three Mile Island and Fukushima – exposure to radiation has caused no harm to the public. Radiation protection standards assume that any dose of radiation, no matter how small, involves a possible risk to human health. Th ...
Document
... Pap smear of vaginal epithelium for estrogen effect (cornification) ; Urinary gonadotropin assay (24 hour urine). I) ...
... Pap smear of vaginal epithelium for estrogen effect (cornification) ; Urinary gonadotropin assay (24 hour urine). I) ...
Study of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Serum Creatinine
... Background:Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder especially in women. It isassociated with increased risk for atherosclerosis and other complications. The frank development of hypothyroidism is associated with metabolic derangements including dyslipidemia- which is an etiopathologic f ...
... Background:Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder especially in women. It isassociated with increased risk for atherosclerosis and other complications. The frank development of hypothyroidism is associated with metabolic derangements including dyslipidemia- which is an etiopathologic f ...
radioactivity and radioactive decay - rct study guide
... As discussed in previous lessons, there are many different kinds of elements. The atoms of these elements are comprised of a nucleus surrounded by orbital electrons. The nucleus consists of | protons and neutrons. Each element has a specific number of protons, while the number of neutrons may vary, ...
... As discussed in previous lessons, there are many different kinds of elements. The atoms of these elements are comprised of a nucleus surrounded by orbital electrons. The nucleus consists of | protons and neutrons. Each element has a specific number of protons, while the number of neutrons may vary, ...
ULTRASENSITIVE THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (u-TSH)
... lobe of the pituitary gland and induces the production and release of thyroxine and triiodothyronine from the thyroid gland.ii It is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 28,000 daltons, consisting of two chemically different subunits, alpha and beta. Although the concentration of ...
... lobe of the pituitary gland and induces the production and release of thyroxine and triiodothyronine from the thyroid gland.ii It is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 28,000 daltons, consisting of two chemically different subunits, alpha and beta. Although the concentration of ...
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
... the resected tissue. Genomic DNA studies identified a 4 basepair insertion in the eighth exon of the TPO gene, and showed that the patient was homozygous for this frameshift mutation. The direct genetic diagnosis of this mutation can be made by digestion of polymerase chain reaction products with Na ...
... the resected tissue. Genomic DNA studies identified a 4 basepair insertion in the eighth exon of the TPO gene, and showed that the patient was homozygous for this frameshift mutation. The direct genetic diagnosis of this mutation can be made by digestion of polymerase chain reaction products with Na ...
Study of Neutron and Gamma Radiation Protective
... which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
... which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
Unusual Thyroxine Requirements
... • Consider starting Carbimazole 20mg od or bd – Need to warn about agranulocytosis risk ...
... • Consider starting Carbimazole 20mg od or bd – Need to warn about agranulocytosis risk ...
THYROID HORMONES – An Overview
... • TRH stimulates Anterior Pituitary to synthesize and release Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), • TSH stimulates Thyroid glands to produce T4 and T3, • Excess FT4 and FT3 act via long loop feedback to block production of TSH and TRH, • TSH blocks TRH production via short loop feedback, • Knowledge ...
... • TRH stimulates Anterior Pituitary to synthesize and release Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), • TSH stimulates Thyroid glands to produce T4 and T3, • Excess FT4 and FT3 act via long loop feedback to block production of TSH and TRH, • TSH blocks TRH production via short loop feedback, • Knowledge ...
Endocrine disorders
... Population at risk for IDD caused by low levels of iodine in the soil was estimated to be 1 billion, approximately 20% of whom have goiter Estimates of prevalence of neonatal hypothyroidism in various regions where goiter is endemic range from 1 to 10%, as compared with only 0.025% in iodine-suffice ...
... Population at risk for IDD caused by low levels of iodine in the soil was estimated to be 1 billion, approximately 20% of whom have goiter Estimates of prevalence of neonatal hypothyroidism in various regions where goiter is endemic range from 1 to 10%, as compared with only 0.025% in iodine-suffice ...
Establishment of Reference Intervals for Markers of Fetal Thyroid
... testing, fetal diagnosis is far more difficult. Proper fetal diagnosis is especially important because thyroid disorders can lead to growth retardation and possible intrauterine demise. Approximately 3% of fetal thyroid disorders are associated with goiter (3), which can cause neck dystocias and res ...
... testing, fetal diagnosis is far more difficult. Proper fetal diagnosis is especially important because thyroid disorders can lead to growth retardation and possible intrauterine demise. Approximately 3% of fetal thyroid disorders are associated with goiter (3), which can cause neck dystocias and res ...
Mechanism of Nitrofen Teratogenesis
... in maternal tissues, while the 4'-amino and 4'-acetylamine derivatives were found at lower levels and all exhibited single phase kinetics (data not shown). The parent compound alone was found in the embryo from 1.5 to 72 hr after maternal exposure (limit of detection 0.03 ,ug/injection), and levels ...
... in maternal tissues, while the 4'-amino and 4'-acetylamine derivatives were found at lower levels and all exhibited single phase kinetics (data not shown). The parent compound alone was found in the embryo from 1.5 to 72 hr after maternal exposure (limit of detection 0.03 ,ug/injection), and levels ...
Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 - Universidad de Navarra
... INTRODUCTION The epidemic of obesity and associated comorbidities, such as diabetes, is one of the most important global public health problems.1,2 Obesity results from a chronic imbalance between energy acquisition (food intake), energy expenditure (basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis and physical ...
... INTRODUCTION The epidemic of obesity and associated comorbidities, such as diabetes, is one of the most important global public health problems.1,2 Obesity results from a chronic imbalance between energy acquisition (food intake), energy expenditure (basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis and physical ...
the thyroid gland
... disease pathogenesis; the most important of these is thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). The latter is an IgG antibody that binds to the TSH receptors of follicular cells with resultant increased release of thyroid hormones. This antibody is present in most patients and is relatively specific ...
... disease pathogenesis; the most important of these is thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). The latter is an IgG antibody that binds to the TSH receptors of follicular cells with resultant increased release of thyroid hormones. This antibody is present in most patients and is relatively specific ...
The prevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in subclinical
... objective of study is to evaluate the prevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidise (anti-TPO) antibodies among patients with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: A prospective study was conducted involving 50 patients with biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism was ...
... objective of study is to evaluate the prevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidise (anti-TPO) antibodies among patients with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: A prospective study was conducted involving 50 patients with biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism was ...
Resistance to thyroid hormone due to defective thyroid receptor alpha
... Human TRb and TRa exhibit marked aminoacid sequence similarity, including (80%) in their hormone binding domains; accordingly, with ~160 different receptor mutations known to be associated with RTHb, the identification of a homologous human disorder with defective TRa had been anticipated. Supporting ...
... Human TRb and TRa exhibit marked aminoacid sequence similarity, including (80%) in their hormone binding domains; accordingly, with ~160 different receptor mutations known to be associated with RTHb, the identification of a homologous human disorder with defective TRa had been anticipated. Supporting ...
Title The effect of thyroid hormone on bone metabolism and
... Bone mass and thyroxine therapy With the availability of sensitive TSH assays, it is now possible to determine whether the replacement dose of T4 in the treatment of primary hypothyroidism is excessive. Long term T4 therapy that aims at maintaining euthyroidism with TSH levels in the normal range ha ...
... Bone mass and thyroxine therapy With the availability of sensitive TSH assays, it is now possible to determine whether the replacement dose of T4 in the treatment of primary hypothyroidism is excessive. Long term T4 therapy that aims at maintaining euthyroidism with TSH levels in the normal range ha ...
Intended Use
... TSH and the pituitary glycoproteins: luteinizing hormone (LH), folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), have identical alpha chains. The beta chains are distinct but do contain regions with identical amino acid sequences. These regions of homology can cause consider ...
... TSH and the pituitary glycoproteins: luteinizing hormone (LH), folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), have identical alpha chains. The beta chains are distinct but do contain regions with identical amino acid sequences. These regions of homology can cause consider ...
Common Variation in the DIO2 Gene Predicts Baseline
... proposition that combination therapy with both T4 and the T3 might be more effective. However, although in the initial study of combination therapy (T4 and T3), patients treated with the combination appeared to have improved well-being (10), 10 subsequent larger studies failed to confirm this benefi ...
... proposition that combination therapy with both T4 and the T3 might be more effective. However, although in the initial study of combination therapy (T4 and T3), patients treated with the combination appeared to have improved well-being (10), 10 subsequent larger studies failed to confirm this benefi ...
Eltroxin Tablets
... freedom from toxic effects should be given. The dosage is guided by clinical response, growth assessment and appropriate thyroid function tests - clinically normal pulse rate and absence of diarrhoea or constipation are the most useful indicators. Thyrotrophin levels may remain elevated during the f ...
... freedom from toxic effects should be given. The dosage is guided by clinical response, growth assessment and appropriate thyroid function tests - clinically normal pulse rate and absence of diarrhoea or constipation are the most useful indicators. Thyrotrophin levels may remain elevated during the f ...
Thyroid function and the development of endothermy
... and including week 11, oxygen consumption after injection changed little or even dropped. From week 12, T4 injection raised oxygen consumption, while the level of control VO2 decreased. Maximum levels of VO2 after ...
... and including week 11, oxygen consumption after injection changed little or even dropped. From week 12, T4 injection raised oxygen consumption, while the level of control VO2 decreased. Maximum levels of VO2 after ...
Iodine-131
Iodine-131 (131I), also loosely and nonspecifically called radioiodine, is an important radioisotope of iodine discovered by Glenn Seaborg and John Livingood in 1938 at the University of California, Berkeley. It has a radioactive decay half-life of about eight days. It is associated with nuclear energy, medical diagnostic and treatment procedures, and natural gas production. It also plays a major role as a radioactive isotope present in nuclear fission products, and was a significant contributor to the health hazards from open-air atomic bomb testing in the 1950s, and from the Chernobyl disaster, as well as being a large fraction of the contamination hazard in the first weeks in the Fukushima nuclear crisis. This is because I-131 is a major uranium, plutonium fission product, comprising nearly 3% of the total products of fission (by weight). See fission product yield for a comparison with other radioactive fission products. I-131 is also a major fission product of uranium-233, produced from thorium.Due to its mode of beta decay, iodine-131 is notable for causing mutation and death in cells that it penetrates, and other cells up to several millimeters away. For this reason, high doses of the isotope are sometimes less dangerous than low doses, since they tend to kill thyroid tissues that would otherwise become cancerous as a result of the radiation. For example, children treated with moderate dose of I-131 for thyroid adenomas had a detectable increase in thyroid cancer, but children treated with a much higher dose did not. Likewise, most studies of very-high-dose I-131 for treatment of Graves disease have failed to find any increase in thyroid cancer, even though there is linear increase in thyroid cancer risk with I-131 absorption at moderate doses. Thus, iodine-131 is increasingly less employed in small doses in medical use (especially in children), but increasingly is used only in large and maximal treatment doses, as a way of killing targeted tissues. This is known as ""therapeutic use.""Iodine-131 can be ""seen"" by nuclear medicine imaging techniques (i.e., gamma cameras) whenever it is given for therapeutic use, since about 10% of its energy and radiation dose is via gamma radiation. However, since the other 90% of radiation (beta radiation) causes tissue damage without contributing to any ability to see or ""image"" the isotope, other less-damaging radioisotopes of iodine such as iodine-123 (see isotopes of iodine) are preferred in situations when only nuclear imaging is required. The isotope I-131 is still occasionally used for purely diagnostic (i.e., imaging) work, due to its low expense compared to other iodine radioisotopes. Very small medical imaging doses of I-131 have not shown any increase in thyroid cancer. The low-cost availability of I-131, in turn, is due to the relative ease of creating I-131 by neutron bombardment of natural tellurium in a nuclear reactor, then separating I-131 out by various simple methods (i.e., heating to drive off the volatile iodine). By contrast, other iodine radioisotopes are usually created by far more expensive techniques, starting with reactor radiation of expensive capsules of pressurized xenon gas.Iodine-131 is also one of the most commonly used gamma-emitting radioactive industrial tracer. Radioactive tracer isotopes are injected with hydraulic fracturing fluid to determine the injection profile and location of fractures created by hydraulic fracturing.Much smaller incidental doses of iodine-131 than those used in medical therapeutic procedures, are thought to be the major cause of increased thyroid cancers after accidental nuclear contamination. These cancers happen from residual tissue radiation damage caused by the I-131, and usually appear years after exposure, long after the I-131 has decayed.