Role of thyroid hormones in skeletal development and bone
... ment and in adulthood due to tissue-specific and temporospatial regulation (69), so that most T3-target tissues are either predominantly TR␣1 or TR1 responsive or lack isoform specificity. Expression of TR2, however, is markedly restricted. In the hypothalamus and pituitary, it mediates inhibitory ...
... ment and in adulthood due to tissue-specific and temporospatial regulation (69), so that most T3-target tissues are either predominantly TR␣1 or TR1 responsive or lack isoform specificity. Expression of TR2, however, is markedly restricted. In the hypothalamus and pituitary, it mediates inhibitory ...
Regulation of adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue by
... Most of the above studies measured only plasma adiponectin levels and thus, could not precisely identify the molecular mechanism of regulation of adiponectin gene expression by thyroid hormones. At the present time, little is known about the effects of thyroid hormones on adiponectin gene expression ...
... Most of the above studies measured only plasma adiponectin levels and thus, could not precisely identify the molecular mechanism of regulation of adiponectin gene expression by thyroid hormones. At the present time, little is known about the effects of thyroid hormones on adiponectin gene expression ...
Will i lose weight after parathyroid surgery
... Will i lose weight after parathyroid surgery Will i lose weight after parathyroid surgery If you are considering having surgery to treat obesity, the first step is to find a comprehensive program such as the Center for Obesity Surgery at Columbia. Section 3: Surgery for Parathyroid Tumors and Hyperp ...
... Will i lose weight after parathyroid surgery Will i lose weight after parathyroid surgery If you are considering having surgery to treat obesity, the first step is to find a comprehensive program such as the Center for Obesity Surgery at Columbia. Section 3: Surgery for Parathyroid Tumors and Hyperp ...
Comparison of Thyroid Disease Mortality between
... known risk factor for thyroid disease. Pollutants that are known to alter thyroid function can find their way into water sources. The effect of various water sources on thyroidrelated mortality has not been determined in the state of Georgia. The purpose of this correlational study was to investigat ...
... known risk factor for thyroid disease. Pollutants that are known to alter thyroid function can find their way into water sources. The effect of various water sources on thyroidrelated mortality has not been determined in the state of Georgia. The purpose of this correlational study was to investigat ...
Correlation of Maternal Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels and Breech
... ‘reference period’ of one year. Twelve cases were excluded as they did not give consent for the study. Fourteen cases were excluded as the gestational age can not be calculated properly as they fail to recall LMP, having no previous USG in first trimester and no antenatal record in the present pregn ...
... ‘reference period’ of one year. Twelve cases were excluded as they did not give consent for the study. Fourteen cases were excluded as the gestational age can not be calculated properly as they fail to recall LMP, having no previous USG in first trimester and no antenatal record in the present pregn ...
- ORCA
... Effects of subclinical hypothyroidism on bone mineral density and cardiometabolic-risk: genetic and immune influences Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) affects 3-8% of the population and is associated with hypertension, dyslipidaemia and altered bone mineral density (BMD). Metabolic anomalies in thyro ...
... Effects of subclinical hypothyroidism on bone mineral density and cardiometabolic-risk: genetic and immune influences Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) affects 3-8% of the population and is associated with hypertension, dyslipidaemia and altered bone mineral density (BMD). Metabolic anomalies in thyro ...
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY
... The pre-translational regulation of TSH synthesis and secretion is a complex process, detailed in the next paragraphs. The formation of mature TSH involves several post-translational steps including the excision of signal peptides from both subunits and co-translational glycosylation with high manno ...
... The pre-translational regulation of TSH synthesis and secretion is a complex process, detailed in the next paragraphs. The formation of mature TSH involves several post-translational steps including the excision of signal peptides from both subunits and co-translational glycosylation with high manno ...
A brief review of rat thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and
... Another report (8) described that, in 60 days old male rats, pituitary TSH content and blood TSH level change in the opposite way, and the peak of the content and troughs of blood TSH, T4, and T3 were seen at 24:00, while the trough of TSH content and peaks of blood TSH, T4, and T3 were seen at 12:0 ...
... Another report (8) described that, in 60 days old male rats, pituitary TSH content and blood TSH level change in the opposite way, and the peak of the content and troughs of blood TSH, T4, and T3 were seen at 24:00, while the trough of TSH content and peaks of blood TSH, T4, and T3 were seen at 12:0 ...
chapter 4 - Thyroid Disease Manager
... The pre-translational regulation of TSH synthesis and secretion is a complex process, detailed in the next paragraphs. The formation of mature TSH involves several post-translational steps including the excision of signal peptides from both subunits and co-translational glycosylation with high manno ...
... The pre-translational regulation of TSH synthesis and secretion is a complex process, detailed in the next paragraphs. The formation of mature TSH involves several post-translational steps including the excision of signal peptides from both subunits and co-translational glycosylation with high manno ...
Associations of thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations with the
... immune thyroid disease. In the NHANES III population, healthy subjects with no history of thyroid disease who had serum TSH concentrations in the high-normal range had higher rates of anti-TPO Ab, compared to healthy subjects with TSH concentrations below 1.5 mU/L(1,12). When anti-TPO positive subje ...
... immune thyroid disease. In the NHANES III population, healthy subjects with no history of thyroid disease who had serum TSH concentrations in the high-normal range had higher rates of anti-TPO Ab, compared to healthy subjects with TSH concentrations below 1.5 mU/L(1,12). When anti-TPO positive subje ...
Molecular and developmental analyses of thyroid hormone receptor
... cofactors in regulating gene expression in vivo during development. Such in vivo studies have been difficult in mammalian systems because of lack of knowledge about TH-regulated genes during development and the difficulty of obtaining samples from embryos in utero. An additional difficulty in mammal ...
... cofactors in regulating gene expression in vivo during development. Such in vivo studies have been difficult in mammalian systems because of lack of knowledge about TH-regulated genes during development and the difficulty of obtaining samples from embryos in utero. An additional difficulty in mammal ...
Neuroendocrinology of Amphibian Metamorphosis
... expression was high during early prometamorphosis but declined at metamorphic climax. The importance of 50 -deiodinase activity for hindlimb development is supported by findings that T4 has no effect on the hindlimb ...
... expression was high during early prometamorphosis but declined at metamorphic climax. The importance of 50 -deiodinase activity for hindlimb development is supported by findings that T4 has no effect on the hindlimb ...
Acute effects of thyroid hormones on the production of adrenal cAMP
... concentrations may remain normal in rats given T3 (15). The in vitro production of adrenal corticoids remains unchanged after thyroglobulin feeding (34). ACTH-induced increases in plasma-free corticoids are exaggerated in hyperthyroid rats (15, 34), but this may be accounted for by the reduction in ...
... concentrations may remain normal in rats given T3 (15). The in vitro production of adrenal corticoids remains unchanged after thyroglobulin feeding (34). ACTH-induced increases in plasma-free corticoids are exaggerated in hyperthyroid rats (15, 34), but this may be accounted for by the reduction in ...
Serum human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations greater than
... Background: During pregnancy, when human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations are highest, there is a transient suppression of serum thyrotropin (TSH). In normal pregnancy, TSH concentrations generally remain within nonpregnant reference intervals; however, in some patients TSH is suppressed. ...
... Background: During pregnancy, when human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations are highest, there is a transient suppression of serum thyrotropin (TSH). In normal pregnancy, TSH concentrations generally remain within nonpregnant reference intervals; however, in some patients TSH is suppressed. ...
Disorders of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus [Írásvédett]
... pulsatile manner → consequently pituitary cells are exposed to sharp spikes of releasing factors and in turn release their hormones as discreted pulses. ...
... pulsatile manner → consequently pituitary cells are exposed to sharp spikes of releasing factors and in turn release their hormones as discreted pulses. ...
physiology-of-the-hy.. - Thyroid Disease Manager
... normal bioactivity, (17) a process which requires the interaction of the neuropeptide thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH, Fig. 4-4 ) , with its receptor on the thyrotroph. (38) The requirement for TRH in this process is illustrated by the fact that in patients with central hypothyroidism due to hypo ...
... normal bioactivity, (17) a process which requires the interaction of the neuropeptide thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH, Fig. 4-4 ) , with its receptor on the thyrotroph. (38) The requirement for TRH in this process is illustrated by the fact that in patients with central hypothyroidism due to hypo ...
Physiology of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Thyroidal System The
... normal bioactivity, (17) a process which requires the interaction of the neuropeptide thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH, Fig. 4-4 ) , with its receptor on the thyrotroph. (38) The requirement for TRH in this process is illustrated by the fact that in patients with central hypothyroidism due to hypo ...
... normal bioactivity, (17) a process which requires the interaction of the neuropeptide thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH, Fig. 4-4 ) , with its receptor on the thyrotroph. (38) The requirement for TRH in this process is illustrated by the fact that in patients with central hypothyroidism due to hypo ...
description and initial evaluation of a xenopus metamorphosis assay
... propylthiouracil (PTU) [30] and an informal ring-test study was performed to characterize the general interlaboratory transferability of the testing protocol. Ethylenethiourea (ETU) was selected as a test compound for the initial evaluation of the XEMA test because of its well-documented ability to ...
... propylthiouracil (PTU) [30] and an informal ring-test study was performed to characterize the general interlaboratory transferability of the testing protocol. Ethylenethiourea (ETU) was selected as a test compound for the initial evaluation of the XEMA test because of its well-documented ability to ...
SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY Volume
... limiting factor for use of rhTSH in clinical practice will be its cost of approximately $1200 US for a Akit@ containing two 1,100 μg vials. This study did not establish its use in dogs suspected of being hypothyroid, or those with nonthyroidal illness. The optimal dose and expected response in euthy ...
... limiting factor for use of rhTSH in clinical practice will be its cost of approximately $1200 US for a Akit@ containing two 1,100 μg vials. This study did not establish its use in dogs suspected of being hypothyroid, or those with nonthyroidal illness. The optimal dose and expected response in euthy ...
Full Text - J
... were low, while prolactin level was slightly high. The levels of LH and FSH were lower on day 13 as compared to day 2. This might be due to rapid progression of IVLBCL. Low free thyroxin (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suggested central hypo ...
... were low, while prolactin level was slightly high. The levels of LH and FSH were lower on day 13 as compared to day 2. This might be due to rapid progression of IVLBCL. Low free thyroxin (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suggested central hypo ...
Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association During Pregnancy and Postpartum
... 40% in areas of iodine deficiency. Production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) increases by 50%, along with a 50% increase in the daily iodine requirement. These physiological changes may result in hypothyroidism in the later stages of pregnancy in iodine-deficient women who were euthyroi ...
... 40% in areas of iodine deficiency. Production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) increases by 50%, along with a 50% increase in the daily iodine requirement. These physiological changes may result in hypothyroidism in the later stages of pregnancy in iodine-deficient women who were euthyroi ...
A Rat Neurodevelopmental Evaluation of Offspring
... Until recently, a paucity of toxicity data suitable for risk assessment purposes has been available on ammonium perchlorate. In 1997, an external peer review panel of risk assessors, perchlorate experts, and thyroid experts convened to help identify data needed to derive a reference dose (RfD) for c ...
... Until recently, a paucity of toxicity data suitable for risk assessment purposes has been available on ammonium perchlorate. In 1997, an external peer review panel of risk assessors, perchlorate experts, and thyroid experts convened to help identify data needed to derive a reference dose (RfD) for c ...
Tissue-specific deiodinase regulation during food restriction and low
... mone (TRH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion (4, 29, 38). The relationship between thyroid hormones and leptin has been extensively studied over the past few years; however, many results are still conflicting, and some aspects have not been investigated so far. Apart from the central e ...
... mone (TRH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion (4, 29, 38). The relationship between thyroid hormones and leptin has been extensively studied over the past few years; however, many results are still conflicting, and some aspects have not been investigated so far. Apart from the central e ...
Parathyroid - Dartmouth
... • PTH also inhibits phosphate reabsorption (at the Proximal convoluted tubule) and bicarbonate reabsorption. • PTH and hypophosphatemia also enhance 1hydroxylation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, which is responsible for its indirect effect of increasing intestinal calcium absorption. ...
... • PTH also inhibits phosphate reabsorption (at the Proximal convoluted tubule) and bicarbonate reabsorption. • PTH and hypophosphatemia also enhance 1hydroxylation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, which is responsible for its indirect effect of increasing intestinal calcium absorption. ...
endocrine dysfunctions in tuberculosis
... children following tubercular meningitis than in adults. It may also occur as a part of panhypopituitarism if the intraseller pathology interrupts the hypothalamopituitary pathways or its suprasellar extensions. As the hypothalamopituitary pathways are in close proximity to the basal cistern and the ...
... children following tubercular meningitis than in adults. It may also occur as a part of panhypopituitarism if the intraseller pathology interrupts the hypothalamopituitary pathways or its suprasellar extensions. As the hypothalamopituitary pathways are in close proximity to the basal cistern and the ...
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism (/ˌhaɪpɵˈθaɪərɔɪdɪzəm/; from hypo- meaning under or reduced, plus thyroid), often called underactive thyroid or low thyroid and sometimes hypothyreosis, is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It can cause a number of symptoms, such as poor ability to tolerate cold, a feeling of tiredness, and weight gain. In children, hypothyroidism leads to delays in growth and intellectual development, which is called cretinism in severe cases.Worldwide, too little iodine in the diet is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. In countries with enough iodine in the diet, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is the autoimmune condition Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Less common causes include the following: previous treatment with radioactive iodine, injury to the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland, certain medications, a lack of a functioning thyroid at birth, or previous thyroid surgery. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism, when suspected, can be confirmed with blood tests measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine levels.Hypothyroidism can be treated with manufactured levothyroxine; the dose is adjusted according to symptoms and normalization of the thyroxine and TSH levels. In Western countries, hypothyroidism occurs in 0.3–0.4% of people while subclinical hypothyroidism, a milder form of hypothyroidism characterized by normal thyroxine levels and an elevated TSH level, is thought to occur in 4.3–8.5% of people. Dogs are also known to develop hypothyroidism and in rare cases cats and horses can also have the disorder.