Effect of Thyroxine on Antioxidant Defense System
... The effects of altered thyroid state on the antioxidant defense system in the liver of differently aged rats were examined. Male rats aged 15, 45 and 75 days were treated with L-thyroxine, T4 (40 μg/100 g body mass, s.c., one dose per day) for 14 days (finally aged 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively). ...
... The effects of altered thyroid state on the antioxidant defense system in the liver of differently aged rats were examined. Male rats aged 15, 45 and 75 days were treated with L-thyroxine, T4 (40 μg/100 g body mass, s.c., one dose per day) for 14 days (finally aged 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively). ...
1 General Overview of the Endocrine System Questions to be
... Often endocrine cells are clumped together into a well defined gland (e.g. pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, testes, ovaries), but not always (e.g. gut, liver, lung). Remember, it's cells that produce hormones, not glands. Although many glands secrete more than one type of hormone, most neurons or endocr ...
... Often endocrine cells are clumped together into a well defined gland (e.g. pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, testes, ovaries), but not always (e.g. gut, liver, lung). Remember, it's cells that produce hormones, not glands. Although many glands secrete more than one type of hormone, most neurons or endocr ...
Investigating the genetics Of thyroid stimulating hormone in newborns
... mortality and, of these, congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common (Kumar et al. 2009). CH is a common and preventable cause of mental retardation with an incidence of approximately 1 in 2,350 live births (Hinton et al. 2010). In Iowa, the Iowa Neonatal Metabolic Screening program (INMSP) us ...
... mortality and, of these, congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common (Kumar et al. 2009). CH is a common and preventable cause of mental retardation with an incidence of approximately 1 in 2,350 live births (Hinton et al. 2010). In Iowa, the Iowa Neonatal Metabolic Screening program (INMSP) us ...
03-19-2010 Osmunson Letter – Fluoride and the Endocrine System
... “In a review of skeletal fluorosis, Krishnamachari (1986) indicated that the nature (osteosclerotic, osteomalacic, osteoporotic) and severity of the fluorosis depend on factors such as age, sex, dietary calcium intake, dose and duration of fluoride intake, and renal efficiency in fluoride handling. ...
... “In a review of skeletal fluorosis, Krishnamachari (1986) indicated that the nature (osteosclerotic, osteomalacic, osteoporotic) and severity of the fluorosis depend on factors such as age, sex, dietary calcium intake, dose and duration of fluoride intake, and renal efficiency in fluoride handling. ...
Thyroid: biological actions of `nonclassical` thyroid hormones
... more potent than T3 as both a b-adrenergic stimulator of uncoupling protein 1 and inducer of lipoprotein lipase mRNA, D3 activity, and mRNA (Medina-Gomez et al. 2003). Triac inhibits expression and secretion of leptin in rat primary white and brown adipocytes with a potency similar to that of T3 (Me ...
... more potent than T3 as both a b-adrenergic stimulator of uncoupling protein 1 and inducer of lipoprotein lipase mRNA, D3 activity, and mRNA (Medina-Gomez et al. 2003). Triac inhibits expression and secretion of leptin in rat primary white and brown adipocytes with a potency similar to that of T3 (Me ...
Document
... whereas others (e.g., thyroid hormone receptor) are always located in the nucleus. After ligand binding, the cytoplasmically localized receptors translocate to the nucleus. The structures of nuclear receptors have been extensively studied, including by x-ray crystallography. The DNA binding domain, ...
... whereas others (e.g., thyroid hormone receptor) are always located in the nucleus. After ligand binding, the cytoplasmically localized receptors translocate to the nucleus. The structures of nuclear receptors have been extensively studied, including by x-ray crystallography. The DNA binding domain, ...
The Upper Limit of Normal for Thyrotropin Is 3 or
... pattern exhibited by thyrotropin during pregnancy (16,23). We know also that there are significant age- and sex-related variations, with an increased prevalence of moderately increased thyrotropin concentrations in ostensibly normal elderly women (24-26). The very concept of “subclinical hypothyroid ...
... pattern exhibited by thyrotropin during pregnancy (16,23). We know also that there are significant age- and sex-related variations, with an increased prevalence of moderately increased thyrotropin concentrations in ostensibly normal elderly women (24-26). The very concept of “subclinical hypothyroid ...
Hypopituitarism
... Matthew H. Corcoran, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Section of Endocrinology University of Chicago Hospital ...
... Matthew H. Corcoran, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Section of Endocrinology University of Chicago Hospital ...
evaluation-of-thyroi.. - Thyroid Disease Manager
... blood iodide, the final fate of most iodine atoms is either to be trapped by the thyroid gland or to be excreted in the urine. When a tracer of iodide is administered to the patient, it rapidly becomes mixed with the stable extrathyroidal iodide pool and is thereafter handled identically as the sta ...
... blood iodide, the final fate of most iodine atoms is either to be trapped by the thyroid gland or to be excreted in the urine. When a tracer of iodide is administered to the patient, it rapidly becomes mixed with the stable extrathyroidal iodide pool and is thereafter handled identically as the sta ...
Primary Paraganglioma of the Parathyroid: A Case Report and
... seem to be more frequently syndrome associated or familial, but less likely to be malignant [2]. Within the head and neck region, paragangliomas tend to develop at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, in the middle ear and temporal bone, and only isolated cases within the orbit, nasal cavit ...
... seem to be more frequently syndrome associated or familial, but less likely to be malignant [2]. Within the head and neck region, paragangliomas tend to develop at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, in the middle ear and temporal bone, and only isolated cases within the orbit, nasal cavit ...
Print - Circulation Research
... 1). Both low and high dosages of thyroid hormone caused a rapid increase in this ratio, which was evident by the second day of treatment. While the amount of ventricular weight gain during the first week of treatment was similar at both dosages, the higher dosage ultimately resulted in greater myoca ...
... 1). Both low and high dosages of thyroid hormone caused a rapid increase in this ratio, which was evident by the second day of treatment. While the amount of ventricular weight gain during the first week of treatment was similar at both dosages, the higher dosage ultimately resulted in greater myoca ...
PBPK Model for Radioactive Iodide and Perchlorate Kinetics and
... ClO4 exposures (Wyngaarden et al., 1952; Yu et al., 2002). In humans, thyroid hormone conservation is more efficient, although thyroid hormone status is very dependant on the iodine status and life stage under consideration. Little or no significant change in T4, fT4, and TSH was seen in adults aft ...
... ClO4 exposures (Wyngaarden et al., 1952; Yu et al., 2002). In humans, thyroid hormone conservation is more efficient, although thyroid hormone status is very dependant on the iodine status and life stage under consideration. Little or no significant change in T4, fT4, and TSH was seen in adults aft ...
Thyroid receptor plasticity in striated muscle types
... 17, 23, 35). To date, two distinct TR genes have been characterized, namely the a- and b-genes (3, 7, 10, 11, 23, 28). The TR-a gene produces two alternatively spliced mRNA isoforms, a1 and a2, which are translated into a functional receptor, TR-a1, and a non-ligandbinding protein, erbA-a2, respecti ...
... 17, 23, 35). To date, two distinct TR genes have been characterized, namely the a- and b-genes (3, 7, 10, 11, 23, 28). The TR-a gene produces two alternatively spliced mRNA isoforms, a1 and a2, which are translated into a functional receptor, TR-a1, and a non-ligandbinding protein, erbA-a2, respecti ...
Preview the material
... neck, cervical soft tissues and indirect laryngoscopy, particularly if there is hoarseness in the patient’s voice suggesting the involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve or vocal fold paralysis. Well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas include both papillary carcinomas and follicular carcinomas. W ...
... neck, cervical soft tissues and indirect laryngoscopy, particularly if there is hoarseness in the patient’s voice suggesting the involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve or vocal fold paralysis. Well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas include both papillary carcinomas and follicular carcinomas. W ...
The Origins and Evolution of Vertebrate Metamorphosis
... metamorphosis are the thyroid hormones, iodinated deriva- hormone receptors, ligand-dependent transcription factors tives of the amino acid tyrosine, produced by the thyroid which are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily gland (see [15] for an historical account). The thyroid gland [20,21]. I ...
... metamorphosis are the thyroid hormones, iodinated deriva- hormone receptors, ligand-dependent transcription factors tives of the amino acid tyrosine, produced by the thyroid which are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily gland (see [15] for an historical account). The thyroid gland [20,21]. I ...
A Sure-Fire Approach to Cases of Canine Thyroid Disease
... appropriately, they reliably inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones and thereby lower serum thyroid hormone concentrations. These drugs do not affect the thyroid gland’s ability to trap inorganic iodide or release preformed hormones. They are widely recommended to stabilize hyperthyroid cats prio ...
... appropriately, they reliably inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones and thereby lower serum thyroid hormone concentrations. These drugs do not affect the thyroid gland’s ability to trap inorganic iodide or release preformed hormones. They are widely recommended to stabilize hyperthyroid cats prio ...
Interleukin-6 release from human abdominal adipose cells is
... (CVD) in longitudinal prospective studies (6, 30, 32, 38). It may act directly at the vessel wall or indirectly by stimulating hepatic production of C-reactive protein (CRP), a novel CVD risk marker (25, 31). Because adipose tissue makes a significant contribution to the level of IL-6 in the circula ...
... (CVD) in longitudinal prospective studies (6, 30, 32, 38). It may act directly at the vessel wall or indirectly by stimulating hepatic production of C-reactive protein (CRP), a novel CVD risk marker (25, 31). Because adipose tissue makes a significant contribution to the level of IL-6 in the circula ...
Interleukin-6 release from human abdominal adipose cells is
... (CVD) in longitudinal prospective studies (6, 30, 32, 38). It may act directly at the vessel wall or indirectly by stimulating hepatic production of C-reactive protein (CRP), a novel CVD risk marker (25, 31). Because adipose tissue makes a significant contribution to the level of IL-6 in the circula ...
... (CVD) in longitudinal prospective studies (6, 30, 32, 38). It may act directly at the vessel wall or indirectly by stimulating hepatic production of C-reactive protein (CRP), a novel CVD risk marker (25, 31). Because adipose tissue makes a significant contribution to the level of IL-6 in the circula ...
Thyroid Autoimmunity: Role of Anti-thyroid Antibodies in Thyroid and
... Thyroglobulin is a large (600 kDa) glycoprotein consisting of dimers and containing on average 2–3 molecules of T4 and 0.3 molecules T3. The molecule is heterogeneous regarding hormone content, glycosylation, and size. The production of antibodies against Tg can be induced by massive destruction of ...
... Thyroglobulin is a large (600 kDa) glycoprotein consisting of dimers and containing on average 2–3 molecules of T4 and 0.3 molecules T3. The molecule is heterogeneous regarding hormone content, glycosylation, and size. The production of antibodies against Tg can be induced by massive destruction of ...
Sample Report - ZRT Laboratory
... selenomethionine-containing proteins. Selenium supplementation has been shown to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapy or help prevent certain types of cancer such as lung, colon, bladder, and prostate. Low selenium is closely associated with thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, ...
... selenomethionine-containing proteins. Selenium supplementation has been shown to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapy or help prevent certain types of cancer such as lung, colon, bladder, and prostate. Low selenium is closely associated with thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, ...
Maquetación 1 - Histology and Histopathology
... populations, namely, follicular cells, the most abundant cells in the gland and responsible for secreting T3 and T4, and C cells or parafollicular cells, which produce calcitonin. Apart from their role in calcium homeostasis, C cells are probably also involved in the intrathyroidal regulation of fol ...
... populations, namely, follicular cells, the most abundant cells in the gland and responsible for secreting T3 and T4, and C cells or parafollicular cells, which produce calcitonin. Apart from their role in calcium homeostasis, C cells are probably also involved in the intrathyroidal regulation of fol ...
CHAPTER 17 – MULTINODULAR GOITER
... twin studies (27-29). Thus, children of parents with goiter have a significantly higher risk of developing goiter compared with children of nongoitrous parents (24). The high incidence in females and the higher concordance in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins also suggested a genetic predispositio ...
... twin studies (27-29). Thus, children of parents with goiter have a significantly higher risk of developing goiter compared with children of nongoitrous parents (24). The high incidence in females and the higher concordance in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins also suggested a genetic predispositio ...
Patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders present with some
... causing cancer recurrence, tačiau current belief is that GH replacement can be safely instituted at least 1 yr after anticancer therapy. It is controversial whether short children with clinical features of GH deficiency but with normal GH secretion and normal IGF-I levels should be treated with GH: ...
... causing cancer recurrence, tačiau current belief is that GH replacement can be safely instituted at least 1 yr after anticancer therapy. It is controversial whether short children with clinical features of GH deficiency but with normal GH secretion and normal IGF-I levels should be treated with GH: ...
Reaccumulation of Thyroglobulin and Colloid in Rat and Mouse
... TSH stimulation. Constant thyroglobulin iodination together with reaccumulation of lost thyroglobulin are consistent with the increasing thyroidal iodine content found with prolonged TSH stimulation. Part of this iodine is transferred to slow-turnover compartments (6, 17, 18). After 1 d of TSH treat ...
... TSH stimulation. Constant thyroglobulin iodination together with reaccumulation of lost thyroglobulin are consistent with the increasing thyroidal iodine content found with prolonged TSH stimulation. Part of this iodine is transferred to slow-turnover compartments (6, 17, 18). After 1 d of TSH treat ...
dhaenen_chap_sep15th_final
... hypertension, protein depletion and signs of glucose intolerance or overt diabetes mellitus. Psychiatric symptoms, specifically depression and anxiety, are also associated with glucocorticoid excess. Cognitive impairment, especially decrements in memory function and attention are also common, and ma ...
... hypertension, protein depletion and signs of glucose intolerance or overt diabetes mellitus. Psychiatric symptoms, specifically depression and anxiety, are also associated with glucocorticoid excess. Cognitive impairment, especially decrements in memory function and attention are also common, and ma ...
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism (/ˌhaɪpɵˈθaɪərɔɪdɪzəm/; from hypo- meaning under or reduced, plus thyroid), often called underactive thyroid or low thyroid and sometimes hypothyreosis, is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It can cause a number of symptoms, such as poor ability to tolerate cold, a feeling of tiredness, and weight gain. In children, hypothyroidism leads to delays in growth and intellectual development, which is called cretinism in severe cases.Worldwide, too little iodine in the diet is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. In countries with enough iodine in the diet, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is the autoimmune condition Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Less common causes include the following: previous treatment with radioactive iodine, injury to the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland, certain medications, a lack of a functioning thyroid at birth, or previous thyroid surgery. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism, when suspected, can be confirmed with blood tests measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine levels.Hypothyroidism can be treated with manufactured levothyroxine; the dose is adjusted according to symptoms and normalization of the thyroxine and TSH levels. In Western countries, hypothyroidism occurs in 0.3–0.4% of people while subclinical hypothyroidism, a milder form of hypothyroidism characterized by normal thyroxine levels and an elevated TSH level, is thought to occur in 4.3–8.5% of people. Dogs are also known to develop hypothyroidism and in rare cases cats and horses can also have the disorder.