Lecture 24. Degenerate Fermi Gas (Ch. 7)
... When an electron is confined in a very small space, it "flies about its tiny cell at high speed, kicking with great force against adjacent electrons in their cells. This degenerate motion ... cannot be stopped by cooling the matter. Nothing can stop it; it is forced on the electron by the laws of qu ...
... When an electron is confined in a very small space, it "flies about its tiny cell at high speed, kicking with great force against adjacent electrons in their cells. This degenerate motion ... cannot be stopped by cooling the matter. Nothing can stop it; it is forced on the electron by the laws of qu ...
IPC – First Semester Exam Review Be able to classify an example
... To form the compound salt (NaCl), atoms of the elements, sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl), form an ionic bond together. 3. What is the ratio of the sodium and chlorine atoms in salt? 1:1 ...
... To form the compound salt (NaCl), atoms of the elements, sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl), form an ionic bond together. 3. What is the ratio of the sodium and chlorine atoms in salt? 1:1 ...
9/6/12 - Note: Once it is downloaded, click SET
... composed of more than one kind of atom. o Example: carbon dioxide - There may be easier ways of preparing them, but compounds can be made from their elements. - Compounds can be broken down into their elements, often with difficulty. Compounds are Represented by Formulas - Compounds have characteris ...
... composed of more than one kind of atom. o Example: carbon dioxide - There may be easier ways of preparing them, but compounds can be made from their elements. - Compounds can be broken down into their elements, often with difficulty. Compounds are Represented by Formulas - Compounds have characteris ...
Fundamentals of Atmospheric Chemistry and Astrochemistry
... chemistry of the universe. Instead, all of the information we have comes from passive observations. The data from telescopes arrives in the form of spectroscopic signatures recorded in various portions of the electromagnetic spectrum (UV‐vis, infrared, microwave etc) for different ...
... chemistry of the universe. Instead, all of the information we have comes from passive observations. The data from telescopes arrives in the form of spectroscopic signatures recorded in various portions of the electromagnetic spectrum (UV‐vis, infrared, microwave etc) for different ...
The X-ray Bursters Problem and its Implications to the Equation of
... baryon of proton mass mp ) release energies around grav = R p ∼ 200 MeV per nucleon. This energy is liberated in form of kinetic energy, gamma-ray photons (emerging in the Xray burst), and neutrinos. The time that takes for heat transport to cool the deep envelope (thermal time) is around seconds, ...
... baryon of proton mass mp ) release energies around grav = R p ∼ 200 MeV per nucleon. This energy is liberated in form of kinetic energy, gamma-ray photons (emerging in the Xray burst), and neutrinos. The time that takes for heat transport to cool the deep envelope (thermal time) is around seconds, ...
7 Periodic Properties of the Elements
... A billiard ball is an imperfect model for an atom. The ball has a definite “hard” boundary, while an atom has no definite edge and can be reshaped by interactions with other atoms. That said, the billiard ball is a more appropriate analogy for the nonbonding radius of a fluorine atom. The ball’s rad ...
... A billiard ball is an imperfect model for an atom. The ball has a definite “hard” boundary, while an atom has no definite edge and can be reshaped by interactions with other atoms. That said, the billiard ball is a more appropriate analogy for the nonbonding radius of a fluorine atom. The ball’s rad ...
Summary - X-ray Astronomy Group at ISAS
... hydrodynamics) is required (heating, cooling, mass and metal injection, gas ...
... hydrodynamics) is required (heating, cooling, mass and metal injection, gas ...
View accepted manuscript: Metastable triply charged diatomic
... In molecules, because of the large disparity between the electron and nuclear masses, adiabaticity for the electrons can be combined with almost frozen nuclear motion [3] provided very short laser pulses are used. If tunnel ionization remains efficient and gentle, strong fields provide an alternativ ...
... In molecules, because of the large disparity between the electron and nuclear masses, adiabaticity for the electrons can be combined with almost frozen nuclear motion [3] provided very short laser pulses are used. If tunnel ionization remains efficient and gentle, strong fields provide an alternativ ...
Adsorption energy and spin state of first
... DFT. The periodic and cluster DFT calculations have been performed using the GGA method proposed by Perdew and Wang17,18 and hereafter referred to as PW91. Cluster calculations have been also repeated using the well-known hybrid B3LYP functional.19 The use of different functionals is necessary becau ...
... DFT. The periodic and cluster DFT calculations have been performed using the GGA method proposed by Perdew and Wang17,18 and hereafter referred to as PW91. Cluster calculations have been also repeated using the well-known hybrid B3LYP functional.19 The use of different functionals is necessary becau ...
PowerPoint ****
... consume photo-generated holes by reacting with carbonate species to form carbonate radicals, which is beneficial for photo-excited electron/hole separation. The Infrared (IR) study revealed that the surface of catalyst was covered by many types of carbonate species, such as HCO3- ,CO·3- , HCO3· and ...
... consume photo-generated holes by reacting with carbonate species to form carbonate radicals, which is beneficial for photo-excited electron/hole separation. The Infrared (IR) study revealed that the surface of catalyst was covered by many types of carbonate species, such as HCO3- ,CO·3- , HCO3· and ...
Chapter 8 An Introduction to Optical Atomic Spectroscopy
... ions in a flame can be made to fluoresce by irradiation with an intense source containing wavelengths that are absorbed by the element. The observed radiation is most commonly the result of resonance fluorescence involving transitions from excited states returning to the ground state. ...
... ions in a flame can be made to fluoresce by irradiation with an intense source containing wavelengths that are absorbed by the element. The observed radiation is most commonly the result of resonance fluorescence involving transitions from excited states returning to the ground state. ...
2003
... Silver salts (AgNO3, AgCl, AgBr, AgI) can be decomposed using light energy. e.g. AgNO3 forms a black colour as a result of the Ag+ forming Ag (s) and thus decomposing the AgNO3. ...
... Silver salts (AgNO3, AgCl, AgBr, AgI) can be decomposed using light energy. e.g. AgNO3 forms a black colour as a result of the Ag+ forming Ag (s) and thus decomposing the AgNO3. ...
CHAPTER 2
... -All exist in the form of diatomic molecules -At room temperature, Fluorine (F) and Chlorine (Cl) are gases where Bromine (Br) is a liquid and Iodine (I) is a ...
... -All exist in the form of diatomic molecules -At room temperature, Fluorine (F) and Chlorine (Cl) are gases where Bromine (Br) is a liquid and Iodine (I) is a ...
Read the article
... SgrA*, where magnetic braiding of plasma loops may have formed, whose tightening and relaxation could result in intermittent flares, which outpour large amount of energies in different wavelengths. The X-ray emissions observed within the 2 light years area around SgrA* may be explained as the result ...
... SgrA*, where magnetic braiding of plasma loops may have formed, whose tightening and relaxation could result in intermittent flares, which outpour large amount of energies in different wavelengths. The X-ray emissions observed within the 2 light years area around SgrA* may be explained as the result ...
Master thesis Single photon double valence ionization of
... An atom and molecule can be in the ground state, the lowest possible energy state. In this state the electrons occupy the molecular orbitals such that the total energy of the system is minimized. The orbitals corresponding to low energies are at a comparatively short distance to the atomic core and ...
... An atom and molecule can be in the ground state, the lowest possible energy state. In this state the electrons occupy the molecular orbitals such that the total energy of the system is minimized. The orbitals corresponding to low energies are at a comparatively short distance to the atomic core and ...
Sharp Images of Galaxy Groups: Chandra and XMM Uncover New
... • Proposed by Condon et al. (1993) for UGC 12914/12915: radio bridge explained in terms of gas and magnetic fields from postcollision galaxies • Could NGC 741/742 constitute such a pair? Relative narrowness of bridge due to greater concentration of gas in ellipticals into dense cores (in comparison ...
... • Proposed by Condon et al. (1993) for UGC 12914/12915: radio bridge explained in terms of gas and magnetic fields from postcollision galaxies • Could NGC 741/742 constitute such a pair? Relative narrowness of bridge due to greater concentration of gas in ellipticals into dense cores (in comparison ...
AS specification - word format File
... some covalency in an ionic bond, based on evidence from the Born-Haber cycle l use values calculated for standard heats of formation based on Born-Haber cycles to explain why particular ionic compounds exist, eg the relative stability of MgCl2 over MgCl or MgCl3 and NaCl over NaCl2. 2 Covalent bondi ...
... some covalency in an ionic bond, based on evidence from the Born-Haber cycle l use values calculated for standard heats of formation based on Born-Haber cycles to explain why particular ionic compounds exist, eg the relative stability of MgCl2 over MgCl or MgCl3 and NaCl over NaCl2. 2 Covalent bondi ...
Metastable inner-shell molecular state
Metastable Innershell Molecular State (MIMS) is a class of ultra-high-energy short-lived molecules have the binding energy up to 1,000 times larger and bond length up to 100 times smaller than typical molecules. MIMS is formed by inner-shell electrons that are normally resistant to molecular formation. However, in stellar conditions, the inner-shell electrons become reactive to form molecular structures (MIMS) from combinations of all elements in the periodic table. MIMS upon dissociation can emit x-ray photons with energies up to 100 keV at extremely high conversion efficiencies from compression energy to photon energy. MIMS is predicted to exist and dominate radiation processes in extreme astrophysical environments, such as large planet cores, star interiors, and black hole and neutron star surroundings. There, MIMS is predicted to enable highly energy-efficient transformation of the stellar compression energy into the radiation energy.The right schematic illustration shows the proposed four stages of the K-shell MIMS (K-MIMS) formation and x-ray generation process. Stage I: Individual atoms are subjected to the stellar compression and ready for absorbing the compression energy. Stage II: The outer electron shells fuse together under increasing ""stellar"" pressure. Stage III: At the peak pressure, via pressure ionization K-shell orbits form the K-MIMS, which is vibrationally hot and encapsulated by a Rydberg-like pseudo-L-Shell structure. Stage IV: The K-MIMS cools down by ionizing (""boiling-off"") a number of pseudo-L-shell electrons and subsequent optical decay by emitting an x-ray photon. The dissociated atoms return their original atoms states and are ready for absorbing the compression energy.MIMS also can be readily produced in laboratory and industrial environments, such as hypervelocity particle impact, laser fusion and z-machine. MIMS can be exploited for highly energy-efficient production of high intensity x-ray beams for a wide range of innovative applications, such as photolithography, x-ray lasers, and inertial fusion.