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KINETIC ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF IONS GENERATED BY
... accuracy. The operation of the laser power supply was also programmed by precisely timing the arm, fin-e and turn on)off signals using the power control module of the Keithley DAS. This provided good reproducibility in the operation of the ion source. The measurement control and data processing soft ...
... accuracy. The operation of the laser power supply was also programmed by precisely timing the arm, fin-e and turn on)off signals using the power control module of the Keithley DAS. This provided good reproducibility in the operation of the ion source. The measurement control and data processing soft ...
Midterm Review Teacher Answer Key December 21, 2011 `see
... Refer to the accompanying completed graph of ionic radius versus atomic number as shown: a. One point is awarded for drawing an appropriate scale on the y-axis. An appropriate scale is one that is large enough for a trend to be seen. [1 point] b. One point is awarded for plotting all four points co ...
... Refer to the accompanying completed graph of ionic radius versus atomic number as shown: a. One point is awarded for drawing an appropriate scale on the y-axis. An appropriate scale is one that is large enough for a trend to be seen. [1 point] b. One point is awarded for plotting all four points co ...
Chapter 2 - Chemistry
... - class of molecular substances that contain carbon combined with other elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen hydrocarbon - simplest organic compounds - those compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon - extensively used as sources of energy - starting materials for plastics functional ...
... - class of molecular substances that contain carbon combined with other elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen hydrocarbon - simplest organic compounds - those compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon - extensively used as sources of energy - starting materials for plastics functional ...
SF Chemical Kinetics Michaelmas 2011 L5
... gas phase reactions. • We focus attention on gas phase reactions and assume that chemical reactivity is due to collisions between molecules. • The theoretical approach is based on the kinetic theory of gases. • Molecules are assumed to be hard structureless spheres. Hence the model neglects the disc ...
... gas phase reactions. • We focus attention on gas phase reactions and assume that chemical reactivity is due to collisions between molecules. • The theoretical approach is based on the kinetic theory of gases. • Molecules are assumed to be hard structureless spheres. Hence the model neglects the disc ...
aq - Wikispaces
... Exercise on Uncertainty • Do the sheet “uncertainty” • The sheet will be corrected in class. • Procedures for an in-class exercise • Make sure your first and last name are on the sheet. • Complete as much of the sheet as you can in the time allotted. Use a pencil or dark colour pen. • When the time ...
... Exercise on Uncertainty • Do the sheet “uncertainty” • The sheet will be corrected in class. • Procedures for an in-class exercise • Make sure your first and last name are on the sheet. • Complete as much of the sheet as you can in the time allotted. Use a pencil or dark colour pen. • When the time ...
SOFT X-RAY EMISSIONS FROM PLANETS, MOONS, AND COMETS
... Soft x-ray emissions with brightnesses of about 0.01-0.2 Rayleighs were observed from the equatorial regions of Jupiter using the ROSAT/HRI. It was proposed [40] that the equatorial emission, like the auroral emission, may be largely due to the precipitation of energetic (>300 keV/amu) sulfur or oxy ...
... Soft x-ray emissions with brightnesses of about 0.01-0.2 Rayleighs were observed from the equatorial regions of Jupiter using the ROSAT/HRI. It was proposed [40] that the equatorial emission, like the auroral emission, may be largely due to the precipitation of energetic (>300 keV/amu) sulfur or oxy ...
Notebook - Science
... compound: substance consisting of atoms or ions of two or more different elements in definite proportions joined by chemical bonds isomer: different arrangements of the same atoms atomic number: number of protons in an atomic nucleus atomic weight: average mass of a chemical element, expressed in at ...
... compound: substance consisting of atoms or ions of two or more different elements in definite proportions joined by chemical bonds isomer: different arrangements of the same atoms atomic number: number of protons in an atomic nucleus atomic weight: average mass of a chemical element, expressed in at ...
pH scale learning goals
... Learning goals for pH scale Students will be able to use pH Scale to • Write descriptions that demonstrate the use of pH and/or relative hydronium and hydroxide ions as shown in the simulation to: A. Determine if a liquid is acidic or basic B. Place liquids in relative order of acidity or basicity ...
... Learning goals for pH scale Students will be able to use pH Scale to • Write descriptions that demonstrate the use of pH and/or relative hydronium and hydroxide ions as shown in the simulation to: A. Determine if a liquid is acidic or basic B. Place liquids in relative order of acidity or basicity ...
doc: Oxidation Numbers
... that atom would have if the compound was composed of ions. 1. The oxidation number of an atom is zero in a neutral substance that contains atoms of only one element. Thus, the atoms in O2, O3, P4, S8, and aluminum metal all have an oxidation number of 0. 2. The oxidation number of simple ions is equ ...
... that atom would have if the compound was composed of ions. 1. The oxidation number of an atom is zero in a neutral substance that contains atoms of only one element. Thus, the atoms in O2, O3, P4, S8, and aluminum metal all have an oxidation number of 0. 2. The oxidation number of simple ions is equ ...
++ (?) Non-thermal heating
... In both magnetized/unmagnetized planets, strong Bfield lies between the ionosphere and (shocked) SW. 1. Thick ionosphere means higher ionization rate by the electron impact ionization. Extra ionization of neutrals with escape velocity, while these ions cannot escape beyond the magnetized ionopause ...
... In both magnetized/unmagnetized planets, strong Bfield lies between the ionosphere and (shocked) SW. 1. Thick ionosphere means higher ionization rate by the electron impact ionization. Extra ionization of neutrals with escape velocity, while these ions cannot escape beyond the magnetized ionopause ...
Metastable inner-shell molecular state
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MIMS_Illustration_-_Final.jpg?width=300)
Metastable Innershell Molecular State (MIMS) is a class of ultra-high-energy short-lived molecules have the binding energy up to 1,000 times larger and bond length up to 100 times smaller than typical molecules. MIMS is formed by inner-shell electrons that are normally resistant to molecular formation. However, in stellar conditions, the inner-shell electrons become reactive to form molecular structures (MIMS) from combinations of all elements in the periodic table. MIMS upon dissociation can emit x-ray photons with energies up to 100 keV at extremely high conversion efficiencies from compression energy to photon energy. MIMS is predicted to exist and dominate radiation processes in extreme astrophysical environments, such as large planet cores, star interiors, and black hole and neutron star surroundings. There, MIMS is predicted to enable highly energy-efficient transformation of the stellar compression energy into the radiation energy.The right schematic illustration shows the proposed four stages of the K-shell MIMS (K-MIMS) formation and x-ray generation process. Stage I: Individual atoms are subjected to the stellar compression and ready for absorbing the compression energy. Stage II: The outer electron shells fuse together under increasing ""stellar"" pressure. Stage III: At the peak pressure, via pressure ionization K-shell orbits form the K-MIMS, which is vibrationally hot and encapsulated by a Rydberg-like pseudo-L-Shell structure. Stage IV: The K-MIMS cools down by ionizing (""boiling-off"") a number of pseudo-L-shell electrons and subsequent optical decay by emitting an x-ray photon. The dissociated atoms return their original atoms states and are ready for absorbing the compression energy.MIMS also can be readily produced in laboratory and industrial environments, such as hypervelocity particle impact, laser fusion and z-machine. MIMS can be exploited for highly energy-efficient production of high intensity x-ray beams for a wide range of innovative applications, such as photolithography, x-ray lasers, and inertial fusion.