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Midterm Review
... DIRECTIONS: Go through the review and try to answer as many questions as you can without having to look anything up. Circle/highlight the questions you couldn’t answer right away. This will identify areas that you need to concentrate on for the final. Go through your notes and worksheets to help you ...
... DIRECTIONS: Go through the review and try to answer as many questions as you can without having to look anything up. Circle/highlight the questions you couldn’t answer right away. This will identify areas that you need to concentrate on for the final. Go through your notes and worksheets to help you ...
Notes for powerpoint and worksheets PDF
... Polyatomic ions are ions made of many atoms and usually have parenthesis around them How are compound named? (Type I & II) all metals (cations) use the _______________________________________________________ all non metal ions (anions) use the ___________________________________________________ ...
... Polyatomic ions are ions made of many atoms and usually have parenthesis around them How are compound named? (Type I & II) all metals (cations) use the _______________________________________________________ all non metal ions (anions) use the ___________________________________________________ ...
Chapter 3 Make up Test 2004
... ______26. Which of the following statements explains why chemists do not count atoms and molecules directly? A. Atoms and molecules are extremely small B. All of the relationships in a chemical reaction can be expressed as mass ratios C. Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction ...
... ______26. Which of the following statements explains why chemists do not count atoms and molecules directly? A. Atoms and molecules are extremely small B. All of the relationships in a chemical reaction can be expressed as mass ratios C. Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction ...
document
... Part A: Match the letter of the correct definition to the Vocabulary term. 1. Octet Rule E A. A reaction in which one substance breaks down into its parts. 2. Ion C B. A bond that is formed by sharing electrons. 3. Charge D C. A charged atom. D. The number of electrons an 4. Covalent Bond B element ...
... Part A: Match the letter of the correct definition to the Vocabulary term. 1. Octet Rule E A. A reaction in which one substance breaks down into its parts. 2. Ion C B. A bond that is formed by sharing electrons. 3. Charge D C. A charged atom. D. The number of electrons an 4. Covalent Bond B element ...
determining oxidation numbers
... 1. The oxidation number (ON) for any element is zero. 2. For monatomic ions, the ON is equal to the charge on the ion. 3. Fluorine always has an ON = -1 in compounds. 4. The ON for oxygen is -2 in compounds, except in peroxides, when it is 1, or bound to fluoride, when it is +2. 5. Other halogens ha ...
... 1. The oxidation number (ON) for any element is zero. 2. For monatomic ions, the ON is equal to the charge on the ion. 3. Fluorine always has an ON = -1 in compounds. 4. The ON for oxygen is -2 in compounds, except in peroxides, when it is 1, or bound to fluoride, when it is +2. 5. Other halogens ha ...
Exam #2
... (a) Electron affinities decrease going down the group (from smaller to larger elements). (b) Ionization energies decrease going down the group (from smaller to larger elements). (c) Chemical reactivity decreases going down the group (from smaller to larger elements). (d) The second ionization energy ...
... (a) Electron affinities decrease going down the group (from smaller to larger elements). (b) Ionization energies decrease going down the group (from smaller to larger elements). (c) Chemical reactivity decreases going down the group (from smaller to larger elements). (d) The second ionization energy ...
Chem 1a Midterm Review
... Look at pictures of the hydrogen orbitals at http://www.shef.ac.uk/chemistry/orbitron/ . Note particularly the shape, nodes and sign of the orbitals. Note that the s and d orbitals are symmetric to inversion through the origin while the p is anti-symmetric toward inversions. Orbital energy: one ele ...
... Look at pictures of the hydrogen orbitals at http://www.shef.ac.uk/chemistry/orbitron/ . Note particularly the shape, nodes and sign of the orbitals. Note that the s and d orbitals are symmetric to inversion through the origin while the p is anti-symmetric toward inversions. Orbital energy: one ele ...
Valence electrons and Lewis Dot Structures
... Usually, a compound formed by a metal and a nonmetal is _________, and a compound formed by two nonmetals is ____________. ...
... Usually, a compound formed by a metal and a nonmetal is _________, and a compound formed by two nonmetals is ____________. ...
Trends in the periodic table
... more tightly, so more energy is needed to remove an electron. • Anomalies exist in trend due to more stable electron configurations which require more energy to remove electrons from half full or completely full subshells. • 1st I.E increases down a group because valence electrons are found in a she ...
... more tightly, so more energy is needed to remove an electron. • Anomalies exist in trend due to more stable electron configurations which require more energy to remove electrons from half full or completely full subshells. • 1st I.E increases down a group because valence electrons are found in a she ...
WS on obj. 1-11
... 15. _____ (T/F) All the alkaline earth elements (Group 2A) will need to lose two electrons to obtain a noble gas electron configuration. 16. _____ (T/F) All the elements of the oxygen group (Group 6A) will need to gain two electrons to obtain the electron configuration of a noble gas. 17. _____ (T/F ...
... 15. _____ (T/F) All the alkaline earth elements (Group 2A) will need to lose two electrons to obtain a noble gas electron configuration. 16. _____ (T/F) All the elements of the oxygen group (Group 6A) will need to gain two electrons to obtain the electron configuration of a noble gas. 17. _____ (T/F ...
GY 111 Lecture Note Series Elemental Chemistry
... The mass of an electron is about 1/2000th the mass of a proton, so electrons can largely be ignored when estimating molecular weights. Since all of an elements mass rests in its nucleus, the mass of an ion is not significantly different from the mass of an uncharged atom, but not all atoms are creat ...
... The mass of an electron is about 1/2000th the mass of a proton, so electrons can largely be ignored when estimating molecular weights. Since all of an elements mass rests in its nucleus, the mass of an ion is not significantly different from the mass of an uncharged atom, but not all atoms are creat ...
Chapter 9 Review quizdom
... b. composed of positive and negative ions. c. composed of two or more nonmetallic elements. d. exceptions to the law of definite proportions. ...
... b. composed of positive and negative ions. c. composed of two or more nonmetallic elements. d. exceptions to the law of definite proportions. ...
Bonding Notes
... forms large structures called crystal lattices. When dissolved, the water molecules break this lattice apart and surround the ions, holding them in solution as hydrated ions. These crystal lattices are electrically neutral. Thus, the ions must be present in the lattice in a ratio that causes the neg ...
... forms large structures called crystal lattices. When dissolved, the water molecules break this lattice apart and surround the ions, holding them in solution as hydrated ions. These crystal lattices are electrically neutral. Thus, the ions must be present in the lattice in a ratio that causes the neg ...
which technique or techniques would be most appropriate for use in
... X-Rays are detected by the ionization that they cause. In vacuum tube designs the X-rays ionize a low pressure gas and these ions are detected. The X-ray energy can be analyzed with an X-ray monochrometer that uses a salt crystal in place of a grating. In solid state X-ray detectors, the X-rays crea ...
... X-Rays are detected by the ionization that they cause. In vacuum tube designs the X-rays ionize a low pressure gas and these ions are detected. The X-ray energy can be analyzed with an X-ray monochrometer that uses a salt crystal in place of a grating. In solid state X-ray detectors, the X-rays crea ...
chemistry i
... 38. If an electron drops from n=6 to n=2, what type of electromagnetic radiation is emitted? A. Ultraviolet (UV) b. Visible c. Infrared (IR) d. Radiowaves 39. How many protons and electrons are in a 6429Cu2+ ion? A) 27 protons, 29 electrons C) 27 protons, 31 electrons B) 29 protons, 27 electrons D) ...
... 38. If an electron drops from n=6 to n=2, what type of electromagnetic radiation is emitted? A. Ultraviolet (UV) b. Visible c. Infrared (IR) d. Radiowaves 39. How many protons and electrons are in a 6429Cu2+ ion? A) 27 protons, 29 electrons C) 27 protons, 31 electrons B) 29 protons, 27 electrons D) ...
Metastable inner-shell molecular state
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MIMS_Illustration_-_Final.jpg?width=300)
Metastable Innershell Molecular State (MIMS) is a class of ultra-high-energy short-lived molecules have the binding energy up to 1,000 times larger and bond length up to 100 times smaller than typical molecules. MIMS is formed by inner-shell electrons that are normally resistant to molecular formation. However, in stellar conditions, the inner-shell electrons become reactive to form molecular structures (MIMS) from combinations of all elements in the periodic table. MIMS upon dissociation can emit x-ray photons with energies up to 100 keV at extremely high conversion efficiencies from compression energy to photon energy. MIMS is predicted to exist and dominate radiation processes in extreme astrophysical environments, such as large planet cores, star interiors, and black hole and neutron star surroundings. There, MIMS is predicted to enable highly energy-efficient transformation of the stellar compression energy into the radiation energy.The right schematic illustration shows the proposed four stages of the K-shell MIMS (K-MIMS) formation and x-ray generation process. Stage I: Individual atoms are subjected to the stellar compression and ready for absorbing the compression energy. Stage II: The outer electron shells fuse together under increasing ""stellar"" pressure. Stage III: At the peak pressure, via pressure ionization K-shell orbits form the K-MIMS, which is vibrationally hot and encapsulated by a Rydberg-like pseudo-L-Shell structure. Stage IV: The K-MIMS cools down by ionizing (""boiling-off"") a number of pseudo-L-shell electrons and subsequent optical decay by emitting an x-ray photon. The dissociated atoms return their original atoms states and are ready for absorbing the compression energy.MIMS also can be readily produced in laboratory and industrial environments, such as hypervelocity particle impact, laser fusion and z-machine. MIMS can be exploited for highly energy-efficient production of high intensity x-ray beams for a wide range of innovative applications, such as photolithography, x-ray lasers, and inertial fusion.