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in Peptide Synthesis, Molecular Recognition
in Peptide Synthesis, Molecular Recognition

... To date, chemists have proposed a number of Pro analogues for constraining an amide bond in a cis conformation [16-18]. For example, bulky substituents at C(5) of the cyclic Pro system result in cis-amide bond formation; however, the need for chemical synthesis of these Prosurrogates and their incor ...
Types of Reactions
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... When a substance gains electrons, it undergoes reduction: 2 Ca (s) + O2 (g)  2 CaO (s). • In this reaction the neutral O2 has gained electrons from the Ca to become O–2 in CaO. • We say O2 has been reduced to O–2. In all redox reactions, one species is reduced at the same time as another is oxidize ...
1984 Advanced Placement Exam
1984 Advanced Placement Exam

... 24. The formula for potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) 28. 2 A(g) + B(g)  2 C(g) is When the concentration of substance B in the re(A) K4[Fe(CN)6] (D) K2[Pt(CN)6] action above is doubled, all other factors being held constant, it is found that the rate of the reac(B) K3[Fe(CN)6] (E) KCN tion remains ...
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... valences this element can have in compounds? Write the formula of highest oxide of this element. 2. An element has serial number 19 define: а) charge of nucleus atom b) number of electrons c) number of neutrons and protons. Write electronic formula of element. What valences this element can have in ...
PHYSICAL SETTING CHEMISTRY
PHYSICAL SETTING CHEMISTRY

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... – Chlorides, bromides and iodides are soluble except those of Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+. – Sulfates are soluble except those of Pb2+, Hg22+, Sr2+ and Ba2+. Ag2SO4 and CaSO4 are only slightly soluble. – Carbonates, phosphates and sulphites are insoluble (except those of group 1 and NH4+) – Sulfides (S2-) are ...
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chapter 16
chapter 16

... Thus, as the reaction begins, an input of energy is necessary to produce the activated complex; as the reaction proceeds, and the system shifts from the activated complex to products, energy is released. In a chemical reaction, the minimum energy necessary for reaching the activated complex and proc ...
BS Chemistry - Government College University Faisalabad
BS Chemistry - Government College University Faisalabad

... Localized and delocalized bonding. Concept of hybridization leading to bond angles, bond energies and geometry of simple organic molecules; dipole moment; inductive effect; resonance, resonance energy, rules of resonance, resonance effect, steric inhibition of resonance; hypercohjugation; tautomeris ...
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Using Models - Pleasant Valley School District

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111 Exam IV outline
111 Exam IV outline

(+1) + - Edublogs
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... shared but not equally. For electrons that are shared in these compounds, we assign the shared electrons to the most electronegative element. We are just acting as though the electronegativity difference was large enough for the transfer of electrons to occur. ...
Leaving Certificate Chemistry
Leaving Certificate Chemistry

Chemical Thermodynamics presentation 1
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Reactants Products
Reactants Products

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Section 3_Energetics
Section 3_Energetics

... hydroxide solution at the same temperature. The temperature of the calorimeter and contents rises by 7.0 oC. Calculate the standard enthalpy of neutralization. Assuming that the specific heat capacity of all the solution is 4200 J kg-1 K-1. ...
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Proximity Effects on Reaction Rates
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Topic 8: Chemical Equilibrium
Topic 8: Chemical Equilibrium

... A catalyst lowers the activation energy, Ea for both forward and reverse reactions. The term ‘activation energy’ was first introduced in 1880 by a Swedish scientst, Svante Arrhenius, to describe the minimum amount of energy input required potential reactants to start a chemical reaction. As both for ...
Atomic Mass - HCC Learning Web
Atomic Mass - HCC Learning Web

... 2. Write the unbalanced equation that summarizes the reaction described in Step 1. 3. Balance the equation by inspection, starting with the most complicated molecule(s). The same number of each type of atom needs to appear on both reactant and product sides. Do NOT change the formulas of any of the ...
BOC-ON - Sigma
BOC-ON - Sigma

... This reagent offers a distinct advantage over t-BOC azide which can require reaction temperatures of 50-60°C (t-BOC azide is thermally unstable and decomposes with apparent detonation at temperatures above 80°C).1 The oxime by-product can be easily and completely removed from the reaction mixture by ...
380 KB / 39 pages
380 KB / 39 pages

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Click chemistry

In chemical synthesis, click chemistry is generating substances quickly and reliably by joining small units together. Click chemistry is not a single specific reaction, but describes a way of generating products that follows examples in nature, which also generates substances by joining small modular units. The term was coined by K. Barry Sharpless in 1998, and was first fully described by Sharpless, Hartmuth Kolb, and M.G. Finn of The Scripps Research Institute in 2001.A desirable click chemistry reaction would: be modular be wide in scope give very high chemical yields generate only inoffensive byproducts be stereospecific be physiologically stable exhibit a large thermodynamic driving force (> 84 kJ/mol) to favor a reaction with a single reaction product. A distinct exothermic reaction makes a reactant ""spring-loaded"". have high atom economy.The process would preferably: have simple reaction conditions use readily available starting materials and reagents use no solvent or use a solvent that is benign or easily removed (preferably water) provide simple product isolation by non-chromatographic methods (crystallisation or distillation)↑ 1.0 1.1 ↑
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