Low-Energy (20 eV) and High-Energy (1000 eV) Electron
... We report the first infrared study of the low-energy (< 20 eV) electron-induced reactions of condensed methanol. Our goal is to simulate processes which occur when highenergy cosmic rays interact with interstellar and cometary ices, where methanol, a precursor of several prebiotic species, is relati ...
... We report the first infrared study of the low-energy (< 20 eV) electron-induced reactions of condensed methanol. Our goal is to simulate processes which occur when highenergy cosmic rays interact with interstellar and cometary ices, where methanol, a precursor of several prebiotic species, is relati ...
Spin-Orbit-Mediated Anisotropic Spin Interaction in Interacting Electron Systems
... where H0 is the sum of kinetic energy and confinement ^ In addition, as z^ ! z^ transformation in (2) d^ a^ x. potential (4), is formulated as a 4 4 matrix problem by multiplying (21) by the bra hs1 s2 j’1; 2 from the left (here changes sign of R , it must be that d^ z^ as well. Thus, it ...
... where H0 is the sum of kinetic energy and confinement ^ In addition, as z^ ! z^ transformation in (2) d^ a^ x. potential (4), is formulated as a 4 4 matrix problem by multiplying (21) by the bra hs1 s2 j’1; 2 from the left (here changes sign of R , it must be that d^ z^ as well. Thus, it ...
lecture 18 - CLASSE Cornell
... random noise vibrations. Let the rms amplitude be 1 nm, and assume that all this vibration is directly reflected in the field. How long will it take for the emittance to double? ...
... random noise vibrations. Let the rms amplitude be 1 nm, and assume that all this vibration is directly reflected in the field. How long will it take for the emittance to double? ...
VARIATIONAL MONTE CARLO ESTIMATION OF THE
... Although an SCF calculation is rather a routine task nowadays, each CI calculation presents its own special problems. Most of those problems have a common denominator: For a given number of electrons the number of CSFs-the number of terms in (2.3)increases very fast with increasing the number of the ...
... Although an SCF calculation is rather a routine task nowadays, each CI calculation presents its own special problems. Most of those problems have a common denominator: For a given number of electrons the number of CSFs-the number of terms in (2.3)increases very fast with increasing the number of the ...
A - Basics of electronic structure and Molecular bounding (Diatomic
... (R) is the symmetry axis, and the midpoint of the axis is the center of symmetry. Thus an inversion of wave function coordinates is made with respect to this point (ri → −ri ). Those which are unaltered after this transformation are even functions gerade while those which change sign, the odd functi ...
... (R) is the symmetry axis, and the midpoint of the axis is the center of symmetry. Thus an inversion of wave function coordinates is made with respect to this point (ri → −ri ). Those which are unaltered after this transformation are even functions gerade while those which change sign, the odd functi ...
Chemical (Elemental) Analysis - Fritz-Haber
... Ø a mass spectrometer separates a stream of gaseous ions into ions with different mass to charge ratio m/z (mass range in inorganic mass spectrometry from 1 – 300 u) Ø in combination with an ion source (ICP, spark, glow discharge, laser ablation) as analytical method for elemental analysis Ø most po ...
... Ø a mass spectrometer separates a stream of gaseous ions into ions with different mass to charge ratio m/z (mass range in inorganic mass spectrometry from 1 – 300 u) Ø in combination with an ion source (ICP, spark, glow discharge, laser ablation) as analytical method for elemental analysis Ø most po ...
Stark Effect - Physics
... hN 0 L0 M 0 |H|N LM i are not important when N 0 6= N , we use symmetry to show that these matrix elements: (i.) vanish unless M 0 = M ; (ii.) vanish unless L0 = L ± 1; (iii.) are the same for M and −M ; and (iv.) factor into a product of two simpler functions which are simple look-ups. The Stark ef ...
... hN 0 L0 M 0 |H|N LM i are not important when N 0 6= N , we use symmetry to show that these matrix elements: (i.) vanish unless M 0 = M ; (ii.) vanish unless L0 = L ± 1; (iii.) are the same for M and −M ; and (iv.) factor into a product of two simpler functions which are simple look-ups. The Stark ef ...
Optical control of the spin state of two Mn atoms... L. Besombes, C. L. Cao, S. Jamet,
... ρ/lh = 0) the exchange energy of the bright exciton with each Mn spin S1 and S2 : ES1 = 1/2(3Ih,1 − Ie,1 ) ≈ 280 μeV and ES2 = 1/2(3Ih,2 − Ie,2 ) ≈ 500 μeV. However, these values do not give an exact measurement of the exchange energies. Indeed, these splittings are slightly perturbed by the influen ...
... ρ/lh = 0) the exchange energy of the bright exciton with each Mn spin S1 and S2 : ES1 = 1/2(3Ih,1 − Ie,1 ) ≈ 280 μeV and ES2 = 1/2(3Ih,2 − Ie,2 ) ≈ 500 μeV. However, these values do not give an exact measurement of the exchange energies. Indeed, these splittings are slightly perturbed by the influen ...
Spectroscopic study of transition metal compounds
... systems, are studied. In Chapter 3 several series of Mn{perovskites were studied: La1 x Srx MnO3 , La1 x Bax MnO3 , La1 x Cax MnO3 and La1 x Pbx MnO3 . New XPS results of the Sr{doped single crystals, (La0:9 Sr0:1 )0:9 MnO3 , La0:8 Sr0:2 MnO3 and La0:7 Sr0:3 MnO3 are presented. They are interpreted ...
... systems, are studied. In Chapter 3 several series of Mn{perovskites were studied: La1 x Srx MnO3 , La1 x Bax MnO3 , La1 x Cax MnO3 and La1 x Pbx MnO3 . New XPS results of the Sr{doped single crystals, (La0:9 Sr0:1 )0:9 MnO3 , La0:8 Sr0:2 MnO3 and La0:7 Sr0:3 MnO3 are presented. They are interpreted ...
Electron Attraction Mediated by Coulomb Repulsion
... attract each other not by a ‘phononic’ glue, but rather by their repulsion from other electrons. He predicted that if electrons, which are much lighter than ions, form the binding glue, pairing would be dramatically stronger than in conventional superconductors. To test this new form of attraction, ...
... attract each other not by a ‘phononic’ glue, but rather by their repulsion from other electrons. He predicted that if electrons, which are much lighter than ions, form the binding glue, pairing would be dramatically stronger than in conventional superconductors. To test this new form of attraction, ...
Lecture 1 - Алтайский государственный технический
... in definite proportions by mass. For example, pure water is composed of the elements hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) at the defined ratio of 11 % hydrogen and 89 % oxygen by mass. The observation that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same is known as the law of constant composi ...
... in definite proportions by mass. For example, pure water is composed of the elements hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) at the defined ratio of 11 % hydrogen and 89 % oxygen by mass. The observation that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same is known as the law of constant composi ...
Models of the Electron
... that the electron could be either a particle or a wave, provided it was not both at the same time[11, p. 299]. Prominent quantum theorists accept the notion of dual essence of the electron and state that human contemplation or measurement of a quantum wave causes the wave to “collapse.” “According t ...
... that the electron could be either a particle or a wave, provided it was not both at the same time[11, p. 299]. Prominent quantum theorists accept the notion of dual essence of the electron and state that human contemplation or measurement of a quantum wave causes the wave to “collapse.” “According t ...
Edge States and Contacts in the Quantum Hall Effect
... The study of current carrying samples in magnetic fields has been of increasing interest to the scientific community ever since the discovery of the electromagnetism by H.C. Ørsted in 1820. In 1879, it was observed that a transverse voltage difference builds up, when a conducting sheet is placed in ...
... The study of current carrying samples in magnetic fields has been of increasing interest to the scientific community ever since the discovery of the electromagnetism by H.C. Ørsted in 1820. In 1879, it was observed that a transverse voltage difference builds up, when a conducting sheet is placed in ...
Landau Levels in Two and Three-Dimensional Electron Gases in a
... is the e ective mass of the electron, and ! = eB=m is the cyclotron frequency. The electrons within one Landau leavel may be considered to behave as if they were one-dimensional. The density of states (DOS), %(E ), which in the abstance of a magnetic ld is a parabola given by %(E ) / E 1 2 dE , now ...
... is the e ective mass of the electron, and ! = eB=m is the cyclotron frequency. The electrons within one Landau leavel may be considered to behave as if they were one-dimensional. The density of states (DOS), %(E ), which in the abstance of a magnetic ld is a parabola given by %(E ) / E 1 2 dE , now ...
Making Stargates - Department of Physics
... all of that matter into a structure that will produce a density of ~ 1022 gm/cm3. In the early days of traversable wormhole physics, some speculated that it might be possible to motor around in ones spacecraft and harvest such exotic matter as one might find lying around here and there. This approac ...
... all of that matter into a structure that will produce a density of ~ 1022 gm/cm3. In the early days of traversable wormhole physics, some speculated that it might be possible to motor around in ones spacecraft and harvest such exotic matter as one might find lying around here and there. This approac ...
Surface chemical bonding states and ferroelectricity of Ce
... 0.3 mol%) films [4] or the Ti4? and Ni2? doped BFO films prepared by PLD process [27], but it is much small than that of the Gd-doped BFO film prepared by metal organic decomposition process [10]. According to Wang et al., ferroelectricity of BFO film originated from the displacements of Bi with res ...
... 0.3 mol%) films [4] or the Ti4? and Ni2? doped BFO films prepared by PLD process [27], but it is much small than that of the Gd-doped BFO film prepared by metal organic decomposition process [10]. According to Wang et al., ferroelectricity of BFO film originated from the displacements of Bi with res ...
HHG with ERL FEL
... Compact ERL-FEL/Pulse Stacker Cavity configurations: new high rep rate, high intensity driver sources for High Field Applications ? ...
... Compact ERL-FEL/Pulse Stacker Cavity configurations: new high rep rate, high intensity driver sources for High Field Applications ? ...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the elemental composition at the parts per thousand range, empirical formula, chemical state and electronic state of the elements that exist within a material. XPS spectra are obtained by irradiating a material with a beam of X-rays while simultaneously measuring the kinetic energy and number of electrons that escape from the top 0 to 10 nm of the material being analyzed. XPS requires high vacuum (P ~ 10−8 millibar) or ultra-high vacuum (UHV; P < 10−9 millibar) conditions, although a current area of development is ambient-pressure XPS, in which samples are analyzed at pressures of a few tens of millibar.XPS is a surface chemical analysis technique that can be used to analyze the surface chemistry of a material in its as-received state, or after some treatment, for example: fracturing, cutting or scraping in air or UHV to expose the bulk chemistry, ion beam etching to clean off some or all of the surface contamination (with mild ion etching) or to intentionally expose deeper layers of the sample (with more extensive ion etching) in depth-profiling XPS, exposure to heat to study the changes due to heating, exposure to reactive gases or solutions, exposure to ion beam implant, exposure to ultraviolet light.XPS is also known as ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis), an abbreviation introduced by Kai Siegbahn's research group to emphasize the chemical (rather than merely elemental) information that the technique provides.In principle XPS detects all elements. In practice, using typical laboratory-scale X-ray sources, XPS detects all elements with an atomic number (Z) of 3 (lithium) and above. It cannot easily detect hydrogen (Z = 1) or helium (Z = 2).Detection limits for most of the elements (on a modern instrument) are in the parts per thousand range. Detection limits of parts per million (ppm) are possible, but require special conditions: concentration at top surface or very long collection time (overnight).XPS is routinely used to analyze inorganic compounds, metal alloys, semiconductors, polymers, elements, catalysts, glasses, ceramics, paints, papers, inks, woods, plant parts, make-up, teeth, bones, medical implants, bio-materials, viscous oils, glues, ion-modified materials and many others.XPS is less routinely used to analyze the hydrated forms of some of the above materials by freezing the samples in their hydrated state in an ultra pure environment, and allowing or causing multilayers of ice to sublime away prior to analysis. Such hydrated XPS analysis allows hydrated sample structures, which may be different from vacuum-dehydrated sample structures, to be studied in their more relevant as-used hydrated structure. Many bio-materials such as hydrogels are examples of such samples.