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02_Lecture - WordPress.com
02_Lecture - WordPress.com

... Law of Multiple Proportions If two elements, A and B, form more than one compound, the masses of B that combine with a given mass of A are in the ratio of small whole numbers. Dalton predicted this law and observed it while developing his atomic theory. When two or more compounds exist from the ...
Chemistry Revision Checklist F4 2017 (inc F3)
Chemistry Revision Checklist F4 2017 (inc F3)

... Name and draw the structures of the unbranched alkanes, alkenes (not cis-trans), alcohols and acids containing up to four carbon atoms per molecule State the type of compound present, given a chemical name ending in -ane, -ene, -ol, or -oic acid or a molecular structure Describe the concept of homol ...
Endothermic reactions
Endothermic reactions

... You have seen many reactions that release energy. Chemical reactions that release energy are called exergonic (ek sur GAH nihk) reactions. In these reactions, less energy is required to break the original bonds than is released when new bonds are formed. As a result, some form of energy, such as lig ...
Building the sense of math in physics activities
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... net flow from the more dense concentration side to the less. B. The ions move randomly as a result of collisions with the fluid molecules and since there are more on one side than the other there is a net flow from the more dense concentration side to the ...
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution 4.1 Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution 4.1 Aqueous Solutions

... 22.5 mL of 0.383 M H2SO4 are required to neutralize 20.0 mL of a KOH solution. Calculate the molarity of the KOH solution. H2SO4 + 2 KOH d K2SO4 + 2 H2O M KOH = (0.0225 L H2SO4)(0.383 mol H2SO4/L H2SO4)(2 mol KOH/ 1 mol H2SO4)/ (0.0200 mL KOH) = ...
Role of Water as a Solvent
Role of Water as a Solvent

... 1. All common metal hydroxides are insoluble, except those of Group 1A(1) and the larger members of Group 2A(2)(beginning with Ca2+). 2. All common carbonates (CO32-) and phosphates (PO43-) are insoluble, except those of Group 1A(1) and NH4+. 3. All common sulfides are insoluble except those of Grou ...
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... thought of where all the statistics we hear about come from, and how the claims are substantiated. How do scientists know exactly what percent our ozone layer has deteriorated, and what percent of our atmosphere is made up harmful pollutants? Well when fossil fuels are burned, or maybe even things l ...
Chemical Reactions and The Mole
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... By definition an AMU is 1/12th the mass of a C-12 atom. The unit of mass needs a reference point and a specific amount of matter to which all other matter can be referenced. This is a standard, as C-12 is very abundant, but this mass is very small, too small to work with. Generally, you will work wi ...
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Unit 4/5 packet

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Chemistry I
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... Isotopes are variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, differing in the numbers of neutrons and in the atomic mass. They contain the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. Examples: Examples: ...
CHE 105 Spring 2016 Exam 3
CHE 105 Spring 2016 Exam 3

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Molecular Geometry
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Full Text PDF

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... The substance whose analysis is required for the separation of isotopes is converted into vapours. The pressure of vapours is reduced to 106—107 torr. These vapours at low pressure are allowed to enter the ionization chamber. ...
The Atomic Theory Chem 111
The Atomic Theory Chem 111

... ions (cations) are considered ionic. In chemical reactions the lose or gain of electrons by an atom or molecule results in a charged particle called an ion. Ion that contain more than one atom is a polyatomic ion. Example: NH4+ or NO3-. An ion with only on atom is a monatomic ion. Example: Fe3+ or S ...
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... • In order to identify which ions will react in an aqueous double replacement reaction (and form a solid precipitate), solubility rules/guidelines need to be reviewed. • Steps in predicting the precipitate that will form: 1. Write the reactants as they will exist upon dissolving (show their charges) ...
Chapter 4: Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4: Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

... Consider solutions in which 0.1 mol of each of the following compounds is dissolved in 1 L of water: Ca(NO3)2, C6H12O6, NaCH3COO, CH3COOH. Rank the solutions in order of increasing electrical conductivity, based on the fact that the greater the number of ions in solution, the greater the conductivit ...
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... Problem: A titration is performed between sodium hydroxide and potassium hydrogenphthalate (KHP) to standardize the base solution, by placing 50.00 mg of solid potassium hydrogenphthalate in a flask with a few drops of an indicator. A buret is filled with the base, and the initial buret reading is 0 ...
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... to go to completion. Unionized or partially ionized molecules give solutions that are known as nonelectrolytes or weak electrolytes. The best known nonelectrolyte is water formed in acid-base neutralization reactions. Acetic acid is an example of an acid that is primarily molecular (weak electrolyt ...
Topic guide 9.3: Drug discovery and design
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... enables it to be recognised at the binding site. Quantitative structure-activity relationship models can be used to predict the most effective ligands based on our knowledge of the pharmacophore and, as a result, we can prioritise the experimental investigation of just the most likely ligands. It is ...
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6 Thermodynamics

... S[Cu(s)] = 33 J/K·mol S[O2(g)] = 205 J/K·mol S[CuO(s)] = 42 J/K·mol (A) −111.5 J/mol·K (B) −93.5 J/mol·K (C) +111.5 J/mol·K (D) +93.5 J/mol·K 10. In which of the following processes is the standard entropy of reaction, ∆S°, expected to be negative? (A) (NH4)2CO3 (s) → 2 NH3 (g) + H2O (ℓ) + CO2 (g ...
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CP Chemistry - Final Exam Review KEY

... Compare and contrast chemical and physical changes. List signs of chemical changes.  A chemical change results in a new, different substance, while a physical change does not. Chemical changes are shown with bubbling, color change, precipitate formation, temperature change and a substance “disappea ...
REVIEW and answers
REVIEW and answers

... melting point (bottom right hand side of transition metals). As electrons become less delocalized the metals become harder, more brittle and conduct less well, but their melting and boiling points increase (top left hand side of transition metals). ...
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Hypervalent molecule

A hypervalent molecule (the phenomenon is sometimes colloquially known as expanded octet) is a molecule that contains one or more main group elements formally bearing more than eight electrons in their valence shells. Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), chlorine trifluoride (ClF3), and the triiodide (I3−) ion are examples of hypervalent molecules.
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