Lecture notes
... Remembering the first law of dynamics: ∆U = q + w We know that a change in internal energy (∆U) of a system is the result of an exchange of heat (q) and/or work (w) between the system and surroundings. For the moment we will only consider one form of work during this topic of thermochemistry (NB We ...
... Remembering the first law of dynamics: ∆U = q + w We know that a change in internal energy (∆U) of a system is the result of an exchange of heat (q) and/or work (w) between the system and surroundings. For the moment we will only consider one form of work during this topic of thermochemistry (NB We ...
L1 – CHEMISTRY FINAL REVIEW
... or Hydrogen bonds. H-bond is a strong intermolecular bond between the slightly positive Hydrogen end of one water molecule and the slightly neg. oxygen end of an adjacent water molecule. 33. Name 4 unique properties of water due to Hydrogen bonding. high surface tension; capillary action; high speci ...
... or Hydrogen bonds. H-bond is a strong intermolecular bond between the slightly positive Hydrogen end of one water molecule and the slightly neg. oxygen end of an adjacent water molecule. 33. Name 4 unique properties of water due to Hydrogen bonding. high surface tension; capillary action; high speci ...
Thermochemical Approaches to Neutralization Reactions between
... where m and n are the mass of the resultant solution and molar amount of the solute, respectively. The value of ∆sHexp determined in the present study was −41.4 ± 0.4 kJ mol−1, which is slightly smaller than that of literature value ∆sHref=−44.5 kJ mol-1 [2]. The ratio C=∆sHref/ ∆sHexp was 1.06, whi ...
... where m and n are the mass of the resultant solution and molar amount of the solute, respectively. The value of ∆sHexp determined in the present study was −41.4 ± 0.4 kJ mol−1, which is slightly smaller than that of literature value ∆sHref=−44.5 kJ mol-1 [2]. The ratio C=∆sHref/ ∆sHexp was 1.06, whi ...
Solubility Product Constants We have been looking at how
... We have been looking at how equilibrium constants can be used in chemical reactions. The concept of equilibrium also applies to saturated solutions of ionic solids. A saturated solution is one that is holding the maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature. Even though a solution is sat ...
... We have been looking at how equilibrium constants can be used in chemical reactions. The concept of equilibrium also applies to saturated solutions of ionic solids. A saturated solution is one that is holding the maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature. Even though a solution is sat ...
Synthesis, Isolation and Purification of an Ester
... and minty smells that are produced. Note that butyric acid has a very unpleasant odor and is not recommended as one of the carboxylic acid choices. ...
... and minty smells that are produced. Note that butyric acid has a very unpleasant odor and is not recommended as one of the carboxylic acid choices. ...
Acids and Bases - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... Calculating Ion Concentrations for Weak Acids & Bases Weak acids and bases require a much different approach to finding ion concentrations. Once you know you have a weak acid or base, follow these steps in finding ion concentrations: 1. Write a balanced equation for the reaction 2. You will need to ...
... Calculating Ion Concentrations for Weak Acids & Bases Weak acids and bases require a much different approach to finding ion concentrations. Once you know you have a weak acid or base, follow these steps in finding ion concentrations: 1. Write a balanced equation for the reaction 2. You will need to ...
Chemical reactions
... • Occur through formation and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms • Involve changes in matter, creation of new materials and energy exchange • Chemical equations - concise representation of chemical reactions ...
... • Occur through formation and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms • Involve changes in matter, creation of new materials and energy exchange • Chemical equations - concise representation of chemical reactions ...
Chemical Reactions Chemical Arithmetic
... Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions • Neutralization- When equal mole amounts of an acid and a base are mixed together, both acidic and basic properties of each disappear. The resulting solution is said to be neutral. • Water and a salt are formed HA(aq) + MOH(aq) ---> H2O(l) + MA(aq) acid base water ...
... Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions • Neutralization- When equal mole amounts of an acid and a base are mixed together, both acidic and basic properties of each disappear. The resulting solution is said to be neutral. • Water and a salt are formed HA(aq) + MOH(aq) ---> H2O(l) + MA(aq) acid base water ...
Chemical Equations
... the arrow) and the products (on the right of the arrow). C. The law of conservation of mass and energy must be satisfied. Therefore the same number of atoms of each element must appear on each side of a correct chemical equation. ...
... the arrow) and the products (on the right of the arrow). C. The law of conservation of mass and energy must be satisfied. Therefore the same number of atoms of each element must appear on each side of a correct chemical equation. ...
experiment 10 - Faculty Web Pages
... Consider this generalized reaction between two ionic compounds: AB + CD AD + CB where A, B, C, and D all exist as ions in solution. Will a reaction happen, and if so, what will be the products? Each of the positive ions could combine with the negative ion of the other compound, i.e. A+ and D¯ and C+ ...
... Consider this generalized reaction between two ionic compounds: AB + CD AD + CB where A, B, C, and D all exist as ions in solution. Will a reaction happen, and if so, what will be the products? Each of the positive ions could combine with the negative ion of the other compound, i.e. A+ and D¯ and C+ ...
The Chemical Bond
... stabilities and bond properties of the symmetrical diatomic molecules Li2, Be2, B2, C2, O2, F2, Ne2, and Ne2+. Give the term symbol for the C2 molecule in its ground state, assuming its electronic configuration is…(2pπ)2; i.e., that there is an electron in each of the degenerate orbitals 2pπx and 2p ...
... stabilities and bond properties of the symmetrical diatomic molecules Li2, Be2, B2, C2, O2, F2, Ne2, and Ne2+. Give the term symbol for the C2 molecule in its ground state, assuming its electronic configuration is…(2pπ)2; i.e., that there is an electron in each of the degenerate orbitals 2pπx and 2p ...
The chemical master equation
... Boltzmann’s Stosszahlansatz (assumption of molecular chaos): Collisions cause a rapid loss of memory, i.e. particle trajectories can be treated as essentially random. Consequence: Chemical reactions can be treated as Markov (memoryless) processes, provided the Stosszahlansatz is satisfied. This in t ...
... Boltzmann’s Stosszahlansatz (assumption of molecular chaos): Collisions cause a rapid loss of memory, i.e. particle trajectories can be treated as essentially random. Consequence: Chemical reactions can be treated as Markov (memoryless) processes, provided the Stosszahlansatz is satisfied. This in t ...
Supplement AP Chemistry –
... Problem Set 15.1 1) Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between solutions of a. nitric acid and lithium hydroxide b. ammonia and hydrogen iodide c. hydrogen fluoride and potassium cyanide d. calcium hydroxide and nitrous acid e. hydrochloric acid and a buffer (mixture of sodium sulfide and ...
... Problem Set 15.1 1) Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between solutions of a. nitric acid and lithium hydroxide b. ammonia and hydrogen iodide c. hydrogen fluoride and potassium cyanide d. calcium hydroxide and nitrous acid e. hydrochloric acid and a buffer (mixture of sodium sulfide and ...
L1 – CHEMISTRY FINAL REVIEW
... or Hydrogen bonds. H-bond is a strong intermolecular bond between the slightly positive Hydrogen end of one water molecule and the slightly neg. oxygen end of an adjacent water molecule. 33. Name 4 unique properties of water due to Hydrogen bonding. high surface tension; capillary action; high speci ...
... or Hydrogen bonds. H-bond is a strong intermolecular bond between the slightly positive Hydrogen end of one water molecule and the slightly neg. oxygen end of an adjacent water molecule. 33. Name 4 unique properties of water due to Hydrogen bonding. high surface tension; capillary action; high speci ...
Reaction Kinetics
... As a substance goes from solid to liquid to gas, entropy increases. Systems in nature tend to undergo changes toward low energy and high entropy (they want to lose energy and ...
... As a substance goes from solid to liquid to gas, entropy increases. Systems in nature tend to undergo changes toward low energy and high entropy (they want to lose energy and ...
Introduction to Chemistry and the Metric System
... shared pair of electrons, unshared pair, single bond, double bond, triple bond VSEPR Theory, hybrid orbitals, shapes of molecules, sigma bonds, pi bonds, polarity Intermolecular Forces (in order from weakest to strongest): London Dispersion Forces, dipole-dipole interactions, H-bonding, ionic ...
... shared pair of electrons, unshared pair, single bond, double bond, triple bond VSEPR Theory, hybrid orbitals, shapes of molecules, sigma bonds, pi bonds, polarity Intermolecular Forces (in order from weakest to strongest): London Dispersion Forces, dipole-dipole interactions, H-bonding, ionic ...
Chemical equilibrium
In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time. Usually, this state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but equal. Thus, there are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactant(s) and product(s). Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium.