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Standard 1:Atomic Structure + Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
Standard 1:Atomic Structure + Elements, Compounds, Mixtures

Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

... be divided and still maintain its years, scientists have characteristics. designed many different models for this structure.  Atoms are the building blocks of the universe. There are 92  Each one was the best different kinds of atoms that model at the time, but as occur naturally, although more ne ...
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... center of an atom  Small, dense (packed tightly)  Contains protons and neutrons: most of the atom’s mass  So dense, if it were the size of a grape, it would weigh over 9 million ...
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... Read “The Bohr Model and Valence Electrons” from page 141. Take Cornell Notes, defining the following terms: - Bohr Model - Valence Electrons ...
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Atomic Structure

... lower energy level. He believed that the electrons orbit at fixed distances from the nucleus. This distance is known as an energy level. Higher energy levels are located further from the nucleus. An electron is able to jump to a higher level by gaining the exact amount of energy required. When an el ...
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... lower energy level. He believed that the electrons orbit at fixed distances from the nucleus. This distance is known as an energy level. Higher energy levels are located further from the nucleus. An electron is able to jump to a higher level by gaining the exact amount of energy required. When an el ...
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... • If electrons are distributed asymmetrically in molecules or atoms, they can result in “hot spots” of positive or negative charge • Van der Waals interactions are attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of these charges • Temporary bonds; usually involves enzymes • Created ...
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... hydrochloric acid in an open beaker. The mass of the products was found to be less than the total mass of the reactants. How should the students have conducted their experiment to reflect the law of conservation of mass? A the students should have used a less reactive metal in their experiment. B Th ...
< 1 ... 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 ... 256 >

Extended periodic table

An extended periodic table theorizes about elements beyond element 118 (beyond period 7, or row 7). Currently seven periods in the periodic table of chemical elements are known and proven, culminating with atomic number 118. If further elements with higher atomic numbers than this are discovered, they will be placed in additional periods, laid out (as with the existing periods) to illustrate periodically recurring trends in the properties of the elements concerned. Any additional periods are expected to contain a larger number of elements than the seventh period, as they are calculated to have an additional so-called g-block, containing at least 18 elements with partially filled g-orbitals in each period. An eight-period table containing this block was suggested by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969. IUPAC defines an element to exist if its lifetime is longer than 10−14 seconds, which is the time it takes for the nucleus to form an electronic cloud.No elements in this region have been synthesized or discovered in nature. The first element of the g-block may have atomic number 121, and thus would have the systematic name unbiunium. Elements in this region are likely to be highly unstable with respect to radioactive decay, and have extremely short half lives, although element 126 is hypothesized to be within an island of stability that is resistant to fission but not to alpha decay. It is not clear how many elements beyond the expected island of stability are physically possible, if period 8 is complete, or if there is a period 9.According to the orbital approximation in quantum mechanical descriptions of atomic structure, the g-block would correspond to elements with partially filled g-orbitals, but spin-orbit coupling effects reduce the validity of the orbital approximation substantially for elements of high atomic number. While Seaborg's version of the extended period had the heavier elements following the pattern set by lighter elements, as it did not take into account relativistic effects, models that take relativistic effects into account do not. Pekka Pyykkö and B. Fricke used computer modeling to calculate the positions of elements up to Z = 184 (comprising periods 8, 9, and the beginning of 10), and found that several were displaced from the Madelung rule.
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