Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration
... 6.5 Cells tap energy from electrons “falling” from organic fuels to oxygen Enzymes are necessary to oxidize glucose and other foods – The enzyme that removes hydrogen from an organic molecule is called dehydrogenase – Dehydrogenase requires a coenzyme called NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotid ...
... 6.5 Cells tap energy from electrons “falling” from organic fuels to oxygen Enzymes are necessary to oxidize glucose and other foods – The enzyme that removes hydrogen from an organic molecule is called dehydrogenase – Dehydrogenase requires a coenzyme called NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotid ...
glycolysis and respiration
... molecules and high energy electrons are trapped in the reduction of 2 molecules NAD to NADH. The remaining steps are collectively called Respiration. 22. Pyruvate oxidation - In a single step a carbon is removed from pyruvate (3 C) as CO2, leaving 2 of the original carbons attached to Coenzyme-A. Th ...
... molecules and high energy electrons are trapped in the reduction of 2 molecules NAD to NADH. The remaining steps are collectively called Respiration. 22. Pyruvate oxidation - In a single step a carbon is removed from pyruvate (3 C) as CO2, leaving 2 of the original carbons attached to Coenzyme-A. Th ...
Citric acid cycle - Issaquah Connect
... Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts © 2014 Pearson Educati ...
... Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts © 2014 Pearson Educati ...
Chapter 3 : Simple Bonding Theory Why do they make chemical
... If there are single atoms of two elements, position one with the larger atomic number in the center of the molecule. Usually, C family has 4 bonds O family has 2 bonds N family has 3 bonds F family has 1 bonds ...
... If there are single atoms of two elements, position one with the larger atomic number in the center of the molecule. Usually, C family has 4 bonds O family has 2 bonds N family has 3 bonds F family has 1 bonds ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
... • 2. Water molecules split, oxygen is released. • Light energy is converted to chemical energy (ATP formation) • NADPH electron carrier take electrons from chlorophyll to the Calvin Cycle. ...
... • 2. Water molecules split, oxygen is released. • Light energy is converted to chemical energy (ATP formation) • NADPH electron carrier take electrons from chlorophyll to the Calvin Cycle. ...
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES Topic 1: Introduction 1. Know the
... Make a plot for the titration of a weak acid and indicate the species that are present at the beginning, the half-way point and at the equivalence point in the titration. ...
... Make a plot for the titration of a weak acid and indicate the species that are present at the beginning, the half-way point and at the equivalence point in the titration. ...
Energy
... It is the study of the metabolic processes that can lead to the production and utilization of energy in forms such as ATP molecules. ...
... It is the study of the metabolic processes that can lead to the production and utilization of energy in forms such as ATP molecules. ...
9.1 Catabolic Pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels
... During e- transport along the chain, e- carriers alternate between reduced & oxidized states as they accept & donate e-. Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts e- from its uphill neighbor, which is less electronegative It then returns to its oxidized form as it passes e- t ...
... During e- transport along the chain, e- carriers alternate between reduced & oxidized states as they accept & donate e-. Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts e- from its uphill neighbor, which is less electronegative It then returns to its oxidized form as it passes e- t ...
Lecture 27 - Redox and PDH
... an humanitarian effort to circumvent public water supplies that had become biologically ...
... an humanitarian effort to circumvent public water supplies that had become biologically ...
Biochemistry Powerpoint - Glasgow Independent Schools
... • Energy may change from one form to another, but the total amount of energy does not change. This observation is called the law of conservation of energy. • The total amount of usable energy decreases because some energy is given off to the surroundings as heat. • Living things use different chemic ...
... • Energy may change from one form to another, but the total amount of energy does not change. This observation is called the law of conservation of energy. • The total amount of usable energy decreases because some energy is given off to the surroundings as heat. • Living things use different chemic ...
Optical plasmonic nano-structures for enhanced photochemistry
... question on energy storage from the energy density point of view. The highest known energy mass densities can be found in nuclear fission and nuclear decay followed by chemical energy, which exhibits a 10-100 times higher energy mass density then electrochemical energy sources, such as batteries. In ...
... question on energy storage from the energy density point of view. The highest known energy mass densities can be found in nuclear fission and nuclear decay followed by chemical energy, which exhibits a 10-100 times higher energy mass density then electrochemical energy sources, such as batteries. In ...
Document
... Mechanism 1: Covalent modification – no change in the abundance of a protein. Here, preexisting protein is made active or inactive by covalently modifying it (involves making or breaking covalent bonds). Examples include phosphorylation, carboxylation, glycosylation, or proenzyme activation by break ...
... Mechanism 1: Covalent modification – no change in the abundance of a protein. Here, preexisting protein is made active or inactive by covalently modifying it (involves making or breaking covalent bonds). Examples include phosphorylation, carboxylation, glycosylation, or proenzyme activation by break ...
Integrative Assignment - California State University
... It is a lot easier to work with peripheral membrane proteins than integral membrane proteins. Crystal structures have been solved for Cytochrome c from many organisms. ...
... It is a lot easier to work with peripheral membrane proteins than integral membrane proteins. Crystal structures have been solved for Cytochrome c from many organisms. ...
I. ATP is Universal
... b) The fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA and enter the Krebs cycle. 1) An 18 carbon fatty acid breakdown can produce 108 ATP. 2) Fats are an efficient form of stored energy. 3) There are three long chain fatty acids per fat molecule. 3. Amino acid carbon skeletons enter glycolysis or the Krebs ...
... b) The fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA and enter the Krebs cycle. 1) An 18 carbon fatty acid breakdown can produce 108 ATP. 2) Fats are an efficient form of stored energy. 3) There are three long chain fatty acids per fat molecule. 3. Amino acid carbon skeletons enter glycolysis or the Krebs ...
Photosynthesis - Formatted OCT 07
... the energy of absorbed quanta to the reaction centre. Different accessory pigments occur in other photosynthetic organisms; for example, red algae and cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll d, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins (which absorb green wavelengths). In addition to pigments, antennae also conta ...
... the energy of absorbed quanta to the reaction centre. Different accessory pigments occur in other photosynthetic organisms; for example, red algae and cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll d, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins (which absorb green wavelengths). In addition to pigments, antennae also conta ...
Carbohydrate and sugar structure
... When close to equilibrium, [C][D]/[A][B]Keq and DG 0. This is true for many metabolic reactions – near-equilibrium reactions When reactants are in excess, the reaction shifts toward products When product are in excess, the reaction shifts toward reactants However, some reactions are not near equi ...
... When close to equilibrium, [C][D]/[A][B]Keq and DG 0. This is true for many metabolic reactions – near-equilibrium reactions When reactants are in excess, the reaction shifts toward products When product are in excess, the reaction shifts toward reactants However, some reactions are not near equi ...
CHE 4310 Fall 2011
... you can remember from class won’t improve your answer— just answer clearly, succinctly, and in your own words. ...
... you can remember from class won’t improve your answer— just answer clearly, succinctly, and in your own words. ...
Plastoquinone redox control of chloroplast thylakoid
... 1B), that ferredoxin plus NADPH would activate the thylakoid protein kinase in darkness (Bennett 1979). Furthermore, I had already shown, back in Warwick, that protein phosphorylation in intact chloroplasts was stimulated when CO2 fixation was blocked, as it should be if reduced ferredoxin is the ac ...
... 1B), that ferredoxin plus NADPH would activate the thylakoid protein kinase in darkness (Bennett 1979). Furthermore, I had already shown, back in Warwick, that protein phosphorylation in intact chloroplasts was stimulated when CO2 fixation was blocked, as it should be if reduced ferredoxin is the ac ...
Lecture 19
... •Isozymes: enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but are encoded by different genes and have different kinetic of regulatory properties. •Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): type M [skeletal muscle and liver] participates in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate (using NADH) while type H [heart muscle] ca ...
... •Isozymes: enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but are encoded by different genes and have different kinetic of regulatory properties. •Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): type M [skeletal muscle and liver] participates in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate (using NADH) while type H [heart muscle] ca ...
1 glucose 2 molecules acetyl CoA
... Electron Transport Chain • In the folds or cristae of the mitochondria are molecules that serve as electron transporters. – Include FMN, coenzyme Q, and several cytochromes – These accept electrons from NADH and FADH2. The hydrogens are not transported, however. – Oxidized FAD and NAD are reused. ...
... Electron Transport Chain • In the folds or cristae of the mitochondria are molecules that serve as electron transporters. – Include FMN, coenzyme Q, and several cytochromes – These accept electrons from NADH and FADH2. The hydrogens are not transported, however. – Oxidized FAD and NAD are reused. ...
The Calvin Cycle
... How many ‘turns’ of the Calvin cycle does it take to produce ONE G3P molecule? How many carbons does one G3P molecule contain? How many carbons does one glucose molecule contain? How many G3P molecules are needed to produce one glucose molecule? How many turns of the Calvin cycle are require ...
... How many ‘turns’ of the Calvin cycle does it take to produce ONE G3P molecule? How many carbons does one G3P molecule contain? How many carbons does one glucose molecule contain? How many G3P molecules are needed to produce one glucose molecule? How many turns of the Calvin cycle are require ...
GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION
... 3. These pathways regenerate NAD1, which the cells can use to keep glycolysis going to make more ATP in the absence of oxygen. 4. Without niacin or the ability to make it, the person would be deficient in NAD1. Since NAD1 is used in Step 3 of glycolysis, glycolysis would be inhibited. STRUCTURES AND ...
... 3. These pathways regenerate NAD1, which the cells can use to keep glycolysis going to make more ATP in the absence of oxygen. 4. Without niacin or the ability to make it, the person would be deficient in NAD1. Since NAD1 is used in Step 3 of glycolysis, glycolysis would be inhibited. STRUCTURES AND ...
DISCLAIMER: This lecture outline is intended to help you take notes
... not a substitute for attending lecture, taking notes, and reading the textbook. Examination questions will cover material presented in lecture that is not in this outline. You may only use this outline if you have read and understood this disclaimer. Biochemistry Lecture 19: ...
... not a substitute for attending lecture, taking notes, and reading the textbook. Examination questions will cover material presented in lecture that is not in this outline. You may only use this outline if you have read and understood this disclaimer. Biochemistry Lecture 19: ...
Carbon dioxide fixation.
... as well as serving as the starting material for fuel, fiber, animal feed, oil, and other compounds used by people. Collectively, the biochemical processes by which CO2 is assimilated into organic molecules are known as the photosynthetic dark reactions, not because they must occur in darkness but be ...
... as well as serving as the starting material for fuel, fiber, animal feed, oil, and other compounds used by people. Collectively, the biochemical processes by which CO2 is assimilated into organic molecules are known as the photosynthetic dark reactions, not because they must occur in darkness but be ...