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Week III Lecture I slides
Week III Lecture I slides

... Oxygen molecules diffuse across the plasma membrane into the  cell, then into the mitochondria ...
Energy
Energy

... of atoms in molecules Rearrangement of atoms will either store or release energy chemical reaction = rearrangement of atoms ...
Chapter 24. Organic Chemistry
Chapter 24. Organic Chemistry

... Example The electron configuration of core electrons of a carbon atom (C) ...
Cellular Respiration - Cathedral High School
Cellular Respiration - Cathedral High School

... http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__electron_transport_system_and_atp_synthesis__quiz_2_.html ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration (working)
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration (working)

... Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP • The breakdown of organic molecules is exergonic – energy is released In exergonic reactions the energy stored in the reactants is greater than the energy stored in the products • Fermentation a catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from gluc ...
Worksheet 8 Notes - Department of Chemistry | Oregon State
Worksheet 8 Notes - Department of Chemistry | Oregon State

... Electrical current is produced with a fuel cell utilizing the above process (see Fuel Cell handout from Wedneday, May 8). ...
Chapter 7
Chapter 7

... phosphate groups the bonds connecting these groups are “high energy” bonds drawn as wavy lines.-Phos group make it vulnerable to hydrolysis-the reaction readily break the highenergy bonds of ATP splitting off one or two phos group & releasing their energy. These reactions can occur simultaneously wi ...
CHAPTER-13 PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS (Question
CHAPTER-13 PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS (Question

... 9) Electrons removed from PS I are replaced by PS II by splitting of water. 3. Explain the process of synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis. ...
CHAPTER-13 PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS (Question carrying one Mark) 1. What is Photosynthesis?
CHAPTER-13 PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS (Question carrying one Mark) 1. What is Photosynthesis?

... 9) Electrons removed from PS I are replaced by PS II by splitting of water. 3. Explain the process of synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis. ...
The Living World - Chapter 6 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
The Living World - Chapter 6 - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... It gets an energy boost from another photon of light It is passed through another electron transport system This drives the synthesis of NADPH Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
2. The citric acid cycle
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... • The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons • Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to O2, forming H 2O Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
ENERGY
ENERGY

...  Diffusion = particles move from high concentration to lower concentration  Inner mitochondrial membrane = LOTS of surface area, covered with ATP synthase molecules… H+ can only move through these proteins as they diffuse Electron carriers (energy storing compounds) low energy high energy ADP ATP ...
CELL BIO HANDOUT 2015
CELL BIO HANDOUT 2015

... molecule or a group of closely related molecules Enzymes are saturated by high substrate concentrations Enzymes are released unchanged after catalyzing the conversion of reactants to products because they do take part in the reaction. Enzymes are proteins (usually, some RNA molecules can act as enzy ...
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...  Molecule — two or more atoms bonded together (e.g., H2 or C6H12O6)  Compound — two or more different kinds of atoms bonded together (e.g., C6H12O6) • Most matter exists as mixtures  Mixtures — Two or more components physically intermixed Three types of mixtures ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Teacher`s Guide
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Teacher`s Guide

... respiration: the entire sequence of ten reactions transfers only about two percent of the chemical potential energy of a glucose molecule to the production of ATP. The program shows how simple organisms like yeast fulfill their energy requirements from what little useful energy glycolysis produces ...
THE t_ H ...... F,., OF AUTUMN COLORS
THE t_ H ...... F,., OF AUTUMN COLORS

... the anthocyanins. Anthocyanins absorb blue, blue-~reen, and green light. Therefore, the light reflected by leaves containing anthocyanins appears red. Unlike chlorophyll and carotene. anthocyanins are not attached to cell membranes, but are dissolved in the cell sap. The color produced by these pigm ...
HONORS BIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2016
HONORS BIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2016

... 37. List the three steps of cellular respiration and identify where each step occurs. 38. Describe and explain glycolysis, including where it occurs, reactants and products, and energy inputs and outputs. 39. Describe and explain pyruvate oxidation, including where it occurs, reactants and products, ...
H +
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... value of NADH & FADH2  electron carriers & H carriers  reduced molecules move electrons  reduced molecules move H+ ions  to be used in the Electron Transport Chain ...
Far-Red Spectrum of Second Emerson Effect: A Study Using Dual
Far-Red Spectrum of Second Emerson Effect: A Study Using Dual

... drives both photosystems-PSI and PSII (Delosme, 2003; Joliot et al., 2006). When illuminating higher plants, far-red light (>700 nm, if applying alone) is able to excite Cyclic electron transport around PSI (CET-PSI) in C4-plants or excite PSI in C3 and C4 plants if this photosystem operates in seri ...
Chapter 7
Chapter 7

... next, which tosses it to the next, and so on. With each toss, the electron loses energy (again, kind of like it slows down). The energy lost is used to take the H+ and drive it across the inner membrane, through the tunnels. Look at fig. 7-19 in your book. You will see that lots of H+ start to build ...
Level 3 - Eduqas
Level 3 - Eduqas

... Excess light energy may damage photosynthetic pigments. When more energy is absorbed than can be used in the Calvin cycle, it is released as heat. Only very small amounts of ATP and reduced NADP can accumulate. Algae near the surface of water are often saturated by light while those a few centimetre ...
Class - Educast
Class - Educast

... Aerobic respiration takes place inside the mitochondria. After glycolysis, pyruvate enters the mitochondria and is oxidized in a series of reactions. The products of these reactions include ATP, carbon dioxide and water. The number of molecules of ATP formed in aerobic respiration is 38. Hence the e ...
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... 124. The most abundant noble gas in the earth's atmosphere is _____. A) Ne B) Kr C) Xe D) Ar ...
Project 2 - University of South Florida
Project 2 - University of South Florida

... As ATP breaks, a large amount of energy is released and it is broken down into ADP(Adinosine diphosphate) and an organic molecule. The shadow price and the reduced cost help optimize the solution. For the objective of maximization of ATP production, if the value of shadow price of NADH is 3 that mea ...
energy, cellular respiration
energy, cellular respiration

... Chemical energy is due to the arrangement of atoms in molecules Rearrangement of atoms will either store or release energy chemical reaction = rearrangement of atoms ...
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Light-dependent reactions

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.[.The two photosystems absorb light energy through pigments - primarily the chlorophylls, which are responsible for the green color of leaves. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II. When a chlorophyll a molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level. Because this state of an electron is very unstable, the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions, called an electron transport chain (ETC). The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI. In PSI, the electron gets the energy from another photon. The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used.Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive force, used by ATP synthase to form ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH. Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light-independent reactions.The net-reaction of all light-dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is:2H2O + 2NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi → O2 + 2NADPH + 3ATPThe two photosystems are protein complexes that absorb photons and are able to use this energy to create an electron transport chain. Photosystem I and II are very similar in structure and function. They use special proteins, called light-harvesting complexes, to absorb the photons with very high effectiveness. If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms.
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