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Go Green Lecture Handout - Science Education Resource Center
Go Green Lecture Handout - Science Education Resource Center

... Plants can only absorb and process a limited amount of CO2 due to the limitations of other factors within the Calvin cycle o Limiting factors for the demand of CO2 ...
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SBI4U Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

... 15. In the dark, or light-independent reactions, ____________________ is fixed in the ____________________ cycle by the enzyme ____________________, which is located in the (1) ____________________ of the chloroplast. The primary end product of this cycle is ___________________________________, whi ...
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AP Biology Question Set
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Biol 1406 notes Ch 10 8thed
Biol 1406 notes Ch 10 8thed

...  These two photosystems work together in using light energy to generate ATP and NADPH. During the light reactions, there are two possible routes for electron flow: linear and cyclic.  Linear electron flow drives the synthesis of ATP and NADPH by energizing the two photosystems embedded in the thyl ...
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Title - Iowa State University

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Exam I Review - Iowa State University

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... Figure 10.24 The steps of the Calvin-Benson cycle. Carbons enter the cycle as carbon dioxide. The enzyme rubisco combines each CO2 with a five-carbon compound called RuBP. The resulting six-carbon compound quickly splits into two three-carbon PGA molecules. Each PGA gains a phosphate from ATP and h ...
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...  e- from P680 are boosted to a higher energy level and transferred to an eacceptor (this is the first oxidation-reduction reaction)  boosting these electrons requires energy and each time an electron moves up to a higher energy level it has a greater amount of energy  e- are passed “downhill” thr ...
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Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration

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...  Collection of molecules, each more electronegative than the one before it  Molecules are reduced, then oxidized as electrons are passed down the chain  Oxygen is ultimate electron acceptor  Purpose is to establish H+ gradient on two sides of inner mitochondrial membrane  Energy from “falling e ...
unit 3 – cellular energy processes
unit 3 – cellular energy processes

... 22. Explain the role of REDOX reactions in photosynthesis. 23. Explain why the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll differs from the action spectrum for photosynthesis. 24. List the wavelengths of light that are most effective for photosynthesis. 25. Explain what happens when chlorophyll or accessory ...
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Light-dependent reactions

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.[.The two photosystems absorb light energy through pigments - primarily the chlorophylls, which are responsible for the green color of leaves. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II. When a chlorophyll a molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level. Because this state of an electron is very unstable, the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions, called an electron transport chain (ETC). The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI. In PSI, the electron gets the energy from another photon. The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used.Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive force, used by ATP synthase to form ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH. Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light-independent reactions.The net-reaction of all light-dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is:2H2O + 2NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi → O2 + 2NADPH + 3ATPThe two photosystems are protein complexes that absorb photons and are able to use this energy to create an electron transport chain. Photosystem I and II are very similar in structure and function. They use special proteins, called light-harvesting complexes, to absorb the photons with very high effectiveness. If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms.
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