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EOCT Review
EOCT Review

... A breeder crossed a dog that was homozygous dominant for a particular trait with a dog that is homozygous recessive for the same trait. What percentage of the puppies produced will be ...
Genotyping of Transgenic Mice Population
Genotyping of Transgenic Mice Population

... Add 4 μL of DNA (the average) Add 10 μL of Immomix Add 1 μL of primer n uL DNA + n uL Water = 9 uL Spin the tubes in the centrifuge Place the tubes in fisher vortex to make sure it mixes Spin the tubes in centrifuge again Place the tubes in the PCR machine and run the Genotype PCR program ...
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Deamination of 5-methylcytosine yields thymine

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Micro chpt. 9 notes
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How is coordinated DNA damage repair and control of mitotic

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Chapter 21 - HCC Learning Web
Chapter 21 - HCC Learning Web

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Semester 1 Final Exam Study Guide – IB Biology 2013
Semester 1 Final Exam Study Guide – IB Biology 2013

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Ch. 18 – Microbial Models of DNA

... bacteria and viruses (pathogens), most bacteria are harmless and actually helpful • Because the have simple systems – the study of their genetics has helped us understand more complex systems, like our own. • They have some specialized systems that have helped us study disease • They transfer geneti ...
Ch. 18 – Microbial Models of DNA
Ch. 18 – Microbial Models of DNA

... bacteria and viruses (pathogens), most bacteria are harmless and actually helpful • Because the have simple systems – the study of their genetics has helped us understand more complex systems, like our own. • They have some specialized systems that have helped us study disease • They transfer geneti ...
HOW SAGE WORKS (Reference http://www
HOW SAGE WORKS (Reference http://www

Metzenberg, R.L. and J. Grotelueschen
Metzenberg, R.L. and J. Grotelueschen

... conversion. Finally, the substantial number of loci whose numbers begin with one or more zeros are data that have been reported to us, but whose authors would like the loci to remain unidentified and themselves to be anonymous until publication or five years have elapsed, whichever is first. Even wi ...
I am Irwin Chargaff, and I discovered the structure of DNA
I am Irwin Chargaff, and I discovered the structure of DNA

... discovery into the fog our human minds have about, well, everything, I strongly believe we should not engineer with DNA haphazardly in the name of “science”, for the consequences are unforeseeable and may be disagreeable. Look at the uses of atomic science and see what I mean. In 1944, while at Colu ...
QCM2 - GIGA
QCM2 - GIGA

... genetically linked with the disease gene in order to determine its chromosomal location, a procedure  known as mapping.  ...
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Molecular cloning



Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms. The use of the word cloning refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA molecules. Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine.In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. Subsequently, these fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism (typically an easy-to-grow, benign, laboratory strain of E. coli bacteria). This will generate a population of organisms in which recombinant DNA molecules are replicated along with the host DNA. Because they contain foreign DNA fragments, these are transgenic or genetically modified microorganisms (GMO). This process takes advantage of the fact that a single bacterial cell can be induced to take up and replicate a single recombinant DNA molecule. This single cell can then be expanded exponentially to generate a large amount of bacteria, each of which contain copies of the original recombinant molecule. Thus, both the resulting bacterial population, and the recombinant DNA molecule, are commonly referred to as ""clones"". Strictly speaking, recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules, while molecular cloning refers to the experimental methods used to assemble them.
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