Slide 1 - Elsevier
... is falling. The total number of preganglionic synapses on ganglion neurons in the rat submandibular ganglion increases in early postnatal life during the period of synapse elimination. Camera lucida drawings of clusters of ganglion neurons at birth and in adult animals that were treated with zinc io ...
... is falling. The total number of preganglionic synapses on ganglion neurons in the rat submandibular ganglion increases in early postnatal life during the period of synapse elimination. Camera lucida drawings of clusters of ganglion neurons at birth and in adult animals that were treated with zinc io ...
Fig. 48.1 Peripheral nervous system
... – An action potential achieved at one region of the membrane is sufficient to depolarize a neighboring region above threshold. • Thus triggering a new action potential. • The refractory period assures that impulse conduction is unidirectional. Fig. 48.10 Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., pub ...
... – An action potential achieved at one region of the membrane is sufficient to depolarize a neighboring region above threshold. • Thus triggering a new action potential. • The refractory period assures that impulse conduction is unidirectional. Fig. 48.10 Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., pub ...
Total Dissolved Solids
... Homeostasis refers to the body’s ability to maintain internal conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, hydration) within the narrow limits that are optimal for the continuation of metabolic processes. When these optimal conditions are disturbed by a change in the environment, body systems work to return t ...
... Homeostasis refers to the body’s ability to maintain internal conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, hydration) within the narrow limits that are optimal for the continuation of metabolic processes. When these optimal conditions are disturbed by a change in the environment, body systems work to return t ...
Lower Extremity Focal Neuropathies
... the ulnar nerve in the hand). Muscular branches supply most deep muscles of the foot, including the flexor digitorum accessorius, abductor digiti minimi (quinti), flexor digiti minimi brevis, interossei, second to fourth lumbricals, and adductor hallucis. The tibial nerve, or its branches, may be in ...
... the ulnar nerve in the hand). Muscular branches supply most deep muscles of the foot, including the flexor digitorum accessorius, abductor digiti minimi (quinti), flexor digiti minimi brevis, interossei, second to fourth lumbricals, and adductor hallucis. The tibial nerve, or its branches, may be in ...
sympathetic route to horner`s syndrome: signs and
... tone in the lower eyelid, protrusion of the third eyelid and enophthalmos (Figures 2 and 3). No visual deficits are directly associated to damage along the sympathetic pathway to the eye, but vision might be obscured in a case of bilateral HS, due to the prominent third eyelid protrusion. Partial H ...
... tone in the lower eyelid, protrusion of the third eyelid and enophthalmos (Figures 2 and 3). No visual deficits are directly associated to damage along the sympathetic pathway to the eye, but vision might be obscured in a case of bilateral HS, due to the prominent third eyelid protrusion. Partial H ...
absence of an intact nerve terminal in the motor end
... axons to sprout and reinnervate denervated muscle fibres (Van Harreveld, 1945; Edds, 1950; Brown, Holland & Hopkins, 1982). If the damaged motor axons are allowed to regenerate, re-formation of neuromuscular junctions occurs. In lower vertebrates, the regenerating motor axons may retrieve all of the ...
... axons to sprout and reinnervate denervated muscle fibres (Van Harreveld, 1945; Edds, 1950; Brown, Holland & Hopkins, 1982). If the damaged motor axons are allowed to regenerate, re-formation of neuromuscular junctions occurs. In lower vertebrates, the regenerating motor axons may retrieve all of the ...
The peripheral nervous system links the brain to the “real” world
... Somatosensory System: • Processes information about touch, position, pain, and temperature ...
... Somatosensory System: • Processes information about touch, position, pain, and temperature ...
Innervation of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles of the female rat
... The much larger obturator nerve also served as a convenient landmark (Fig. 4). The levator ani nerve was always found in the pelvis 1–2 mm medial to the obturator nerve and about 1–2 mm rostral to the point where the obturator nerve entered the obturator foramen. In three rats, the pelvic and levato ...
... The much larger obturator nerve also served as a convenient landmark (Fig. 4). The levator ani nerve was always found in the pelvis 1–2 mm medial to the obturator nerve and about 1–2 mm rostral to the point where the obturator nerve entered the obturator foramen. In three rats, the pelvic and levato ...
sympathetic route to horner`s syndrome: signs and
... The loss of sympathetic innervation of the eye causes a combination of clinical signs, which are collectively referred to as HS. They include ipsilateral miosis, ptosis of the upper eyelid, decreased tone in the lower eyelid, protrusion of the third eyelid and enophthalmos (Figures 2 and 3). No vis ...
... The loss of sympathetic innervation of the eye causes a combination of clinical signs, which are collectively referred to as HS. They include ipsilateral miosis, ptosis of the upper eyelid, decreased tone in the lower eyelid, protrusion of the third eyelid and enophthalmos (Figures 2 and 3). No vis ...
a. sympathetic nervous system
... c. Its postganglionic fibers release E and NE. d. its effects last longer than the parasympathetic. BACK TO GAME ...
... c. Its postganglionic fibers release E and NE. d. its effects last longer than the parasympathetic. BACK TO GAME ...
Chapter 7 The Nervous System Chapter Objectives Anatomy and
... myel/o. The brain which is encased in the skull is made up of the following parts: ¾ Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain which receives impulses from all areas of the body. It is the area of the brain that holds our intellectual ability. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres by a gap that ...
... myel/o. The brain which is encased in the skull is made up of the following parts: ¾ Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain which receives impulses from all areas of the body. It is the area of the brain that holds our intellectual ability. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres by a gap that ...
Sensing Limb Movements in the Motor Cortex: How Humans Sense
... excites the muscle spindle afferents of the vibrated muscles and elicits an illusory limb movement. If we measure the brain activity while totally relaxed subjects experience illusory limb movements, we may detect brain areas that receive and process the kinesthetic afferent inputs. By taking advant ...
... excites the muscle spindle afferents of the vibrated muscles and elicits an illusory limb movement. If we measure the brain activity while totally relaxed subjects experience illusory limb movements, we may detect brain areas that receive and process the kinesthetic afferent inputs. By taking advant ...
The effects of normal aging on myelin and nerve fibers: A review
... degenerative, age-related alterations that affect the integrity of myelin sheaths. It should be pointed out however, that both of these changes are localized and do not extend along the entire length of an internode. This can be seen in longitudinal sections of affected nerve fibers (Fig. 4), and se ...
... degenerative, age-related alterations that affect the integrity of myelin sheaths. It should be pointed out however, that both of these changes are localized and do not extend along the entire length of an internode. This can be seen in longitudinal sections of affected nerve fibers (Fig. 4), and se ...
Nervous System Intro Part 1
... The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Cells, Tissues, and Organs
... Tissues are large groups of cells all doing the same job. The different kinds of tissues are classified into four groups, epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue, and muscle tissue. Within each group are many kinds of tissue, but they are similar in the job they do. Epithelial tissue’s jo ...
... Tissues are large groups of cells all doing the same job. The different kinds of tissues are classified into four groups, epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue, and muscle tissue. Within each group are many kinds of tissue, but they are similar in the job they do. Epithelial tissue’s jo ...
RIHM_manual
... Some needed a specially constructed jig, e.g. to measure wrist, finger (metacarpo-phalangeal joints) and thumb extension strength.(Richards et al. 1993) The Rotterdam Intrinsic Hand Myometer (RIHM) is a hand-held dynamometer with the advantage of an easy-to-hold, ergonomic handgrip and a different m ...
... Some needed a specially constructed jig, e.g. to measure wrist, finger (metacarpo-phalangeal joints) and thumb extension strength.(Richards et al. 1993) The Rotterdam Intrinsic Hand Myometer (RIHM) is a hand-held dynamometer with the advantage of an easy-to-hold, ergonomic handgrip and a different m ...
WHEN THE visual cortex in the occipital lobe is electrically
... prosthesis will require a chronically implanted microelectrode array in a blind volunteer. This will allow detailed psychophysical descriptions of phosphenes produced by a wide range of temporo-spatial patterns of electrical stimulation; The studies described here provide general guidelines for the ...
... prosthesis will require a chronically implanted microelectrode array in a blind volunteer. This will allow detailed psychophysical descriptions of phosphenes produced by a wide range of temporo-spatial patterns of electrical stimulation; The studies described here provide general guidelines for the ...
The structure and connexions of neurons
... or commissural funicular neurons, the axons of which, from our observations, divide very often in the white matter giving an ascending and descending branch (C in Fig. 1). In Fig. 3 I show the connexions of the visual fibres and the cells of the retina. The interneuronal relationships are shown with ...
... or commissural funicular neurons, the axons of which, from our observations, divide very often in the white matter giving an ascending and descending branch (C in Fig. 1). In Fig. 3 I show the connexions of the visual fibres and the cells of the retina. The interneuronal relationships are shown with ...
Common and specific inhibitory motor neurons innervate
... anastomosis with the transverse nerve. Within N1B and its side branches the two axons could be followed into M59 where they further divided and formed terminals on fibres of this muscle (Fig.·2C) (N=6). In no case could we observe the immunoreactive axons in N1B to proceed beyond M59 (N=16), which c ...
... anastomosis with the transverse nerve. Within N1B and its side branches the two axons could be followed into M59 where they further divided and formed terminals on fibres of this muscle (Fig.·2C) (N=6). In no case could we observe the immunoreactive axons in N1B to proceed beyond M59 (N=16), which c ...
6.5 Nerves, Hormones and Homeostasis part 1
... 6.5.3State that nerve impulses are conducted from receptors to the CNS by sensory neurons, within the CNS by relay neurons, and from the CNS to effectors by motor neurons. 6.5.4Define resting potential and action potential (depolarization and repolarization). 6.5.5Explain how a nerve impulse passes ...
... 6.5.3State that nerve impulses are conducted from receptors to the CNS by sensory neurons, within the CNS by relay neurons, and from the CNS to effectors by motor neurons. 6.5.4Define resting potential and action potential (depolarization and repolarization). 6.5.5Explain how a nerve impulse passes ...
Reflex Arc - wwhsanatomy
... control activities of the muscular system VISERAL REFLEXES or autonomic involuntary reflexes- control the actions of smooth and cardiac muscles and glands ...
... control activities of the muscular system VISERAL REFLEXES or autonomic involuntary reflexes- control the actions of smooth and cardiac muscles and glands ...
Test yourself on lesions in section pictures
... temperature due to lesion of the second order fibers as they are crossing the midline prior to ascending as the lateral spinothalamic tract. This lesion will affect primarily dermatomes at the level of the lesion and 2 segments below. It will affect those 2 segments below, because the primary affere ...
... temperature due to lesion of the second order fibers as they are crossing the midline prior to ascending as the lateral spinothalamic tract. This lesion will affect primarily dermatomes at the level of the lesion and 2 segments below. It will affect those 2 segments below, because the primary affere ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 13.2 Organizer transplant experiment of Mangold and Spemann. Tissue around the DBL was removed from one embryo (black) and placed into the ventral side of another (light gray). The transplanted DBL, if large enough, will cause a complete second dorsal axis to form on the host embryo, resulti ...
... FIGURE 13.2 Organizer transplant experiment of Mangold and Spemann. Tissue around the DBL was removed from one embryo (black) and placed into the ventral side of another (light gray). The transplanted DBL, if large enough, will cause a complete second dorsal axis to form on the host embryo, resulti ...
Microneurography
Microneurography is a neurophysiological method employed by scientists to visualize and record the normal traffic of nerve impulses that are conducted in peripheral nerves of waking human subjects. The method has been successfully employed to reveal functional properties of a number of neural systems, e.g. sensory systems related to touch, pain, and muscle sense as well as sympathetic activity controlling the constriction state of blood vessels. To study nerve impulses of an identified neural system, a fine tungsten needle electrode is inserted into the nerve and connected to a high gain recording amplifier. The exact position of the electrode tip within the nerve is then adjusted in minute steps until the electrode discriminates impulses of the neural system of interest. A unique feature and a significant strength of the microneurography method is that subjects are fully awake and able to cooperate in tests requiring mental attention, while impulses in a representative nerve fibre or set of nerve fibres are recorded, e.g. when cutaneous sense organs are stimulated or subjects perform voluntary precision movements.