![Neuromechanical coupling in the regulation of muscle tone and joint](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/014671696_1-ddb396d5a2a59ce2f7d9c315b114a83f-300x300.png)
Neuromechanical coupling in the regulation of muscle tone and joint
... well as resistance from the relaxed muscle (Kovaleski et al., 2002; Needle et al., 2013a). An advantage of these devices is their ability to identify deficits across discrete loading ranges, and offer a unique opportunity to study the “toe region” where early mechanoreceptor stimulation occurs (Need ...
... well as resistance from the relaxed muscle (Kovaleski et al., 2002; Needle et al., 2013a). An advantage of these devices is their ability to identify deficits across discrete loading ranges, and offer a unique opportunity to study the “toe region” where early mechanoreceptor stimulation occurs (Need ...
PDF
... possible to distinguish a broad leg area, arm area, and face area, there appears to be little somatotopic organization within each of these areas. The significance of this apparent disorder is not clear. Second, when neurons at one location in the map become active, do they specify joint angle, musc ...
... possible to distinguish a broad leg area, arm area, and face area, there appears to be little somatotopic organization within each of these areas. The significance of this apparent disorder is not clear. Second, when neurons at one location in the map become active, do they specify joint angle, musc ...
Cerebellar Unit Activity and the Movement Disruption Induced by
... evaluated on the assumption that the first 10 bins (160 ms) were relatively unaffected by reaching and could be considered, therefore, as a sample of a spontaneous activity. Average firing rate during this period was compared with the activity in at least 3-bin long (48 ms) continuous segments of th ...
... evaluated on the assumption that the first 10 bins (160 ms) were relatively unaffected by reaching and could be considered, therefore, as a sample of a spontaneous activity. Average firing rate during this period was compared with the activity in at least 3-bin long (48 ms) continuous segments of th ...
Same Spinal Interneurons Mediate Reflex Actions of Group Ib and
... neurons in the cat (Floeter et al. 1993; Gossard et al. 1996; Grillner and Lund 1968; Grillner et al. 1971; Takakusaki et al. 1989) show that these actions involve both excitatory and inhibitory premotor neurons and initiation of different forms of locomotion from different parts of the brain stem b ...
... neurons in the cat (Floeter et al. 1993; Gossard et al. 1996; Grillner and Lund 1968; Grillner et al. 1971; Takakusaki et al. 1989) show that these actions involve both excitatory and inhibitory premotor neurons and initiation of different forms of locomotion from different parts of the brain stem b ...
Reprint () - Centre de recherche CERVO
... parafascicular and the lateral geniculate nuclei. Although many type I axons give off branches that ascend through VPM, none gives off terminations in the field of barreloids. Type II axons (n ⫽ 15) are observed more frequently after injections made into the caudal, barrelette-patterned region of SP ...
... parafascicular and the lateral geniculate nuclei. Although many type I axons give off branches that ascend through VPM, none gives off terminations in the field of barreloids. Type II axons (n ⫽ 15) are observed more frequently after injections made into the caudal, barrelette-patterned region of SP ...
Neural Correlates of Learning in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Monkey
... In agreement with experimental data, two main types of activity contribute to the adaptive properties of the network. The first is transient activity time-locked to events of the task and its profile remains constant during successive training stages. The second is sustained activity that undergoes ...
... In agreement with experimental data, two main types of activity contribute to the adaptive properties of the network. The first is transient activity time-locked to events of the task and its profile remains constant during successive training stages. The second is sustained activity that undergoes ...
Residual eye-movements in macaque and their effects on visual
... In all monkeys, the eyes moved throughout the course of the measurement. Figs. 1A–1C show, for eyes of three monkeys, X–Y plots of eye-position at 0.25-s intervals for 10 min. The eyes moved during the recording period, but generally without systematic progression (the movement shown in Fig. 1B—a st ...
... In all monkeys, the eyes moved throughout the course of the measurement. Figs. 1A–1C show, for eyes of three monkeys, X–Y plots of eye-position at 0.25-s intervals for 10 min. The eyes moved during the recording period, but generally without systematic progression (the movement shown in Fig. 1B—a st ...
The diaphragm: two physiological muscles in one
... balloon distension of the oesophagus has been reported by many researchers (Cherniack et al. 1984; Altschuler et al. 1985; Oliven et al. 1989; Oyer et al. 1989a; Holland et al. 1994; Jones et al. 1994; Liu et al. 2000). The precise mechanism that mediates the reflex inhibition of the crural diaphrag ...
... balloon distension of the oesophagus has been reported by many researchers (Cherniack et al. 1984; Altschuler et al. 1985; Oliven et al. 1989; Oyer et al. 1989a; Holland et al. 1994; Jones et al. 1994; Liu et al. 2000). The precise mechanism that mediates the reflex inhibition of the crural diaphrag ...
PDF Document
... pain (61–63), this approach to neuromodulation fails in many patients for reasons that are incompletely understood. This remains true even after a half-century (64) of clinical and basic science research and derives in part from the nonselective nature of electrical stimulation (58). Similarly, alth ...
... pain (61–63), this approach to neuromodulation fails in many patients for reasons that are incompletely understood. This remains true even after a half-century (64) of clinical and basic science research and derives in part from the nonselective nature of electrical stimulation (58). Similarly, alth ...
Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing
... Del Rio-Bermudez C, Plumeau AM, Sattler NJ, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing cerebellorubral system. J Neurophysiol 116: 1316 –1327, 2016. First published July 6, 2016; doi:10.1152/jn.00461.2016.—The development of the cerebellar system depe ...
... Del Rio-Bermudez C, Plumeau AM, Sattler NJ, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing cerebellorubral system. J Neurophysiol 116: 1316 –1327, 2016. First published July 6, 2016; doi:10.1152/jn.00461.2016.—The development of the cerebellar system depe ...
The effect of spinal cord injury on the neurochemical properties of
... the vagus nerve does not innervate viscera caudal to the transverse colon, numerous ...
... the vagus nerve does not innervate viscera caudal to the transverse colon, numerous ...
Fulltext - Brunel University Research Archive
... A growing body of literature suggests that alterations in brain structure and function are a feature of chronic back pain. Tactile acuity is considered a clinical signature of primary somatosensory representation and offers a simple measure of cortical reorganisation. Clinical interpretation of test ...
... A growing body of literature suggests that alterations in brain structure and function are a feature of chronic back pain. Tactile acuity is considered a clinical signature of primary somatosensory representation and offers a simple measure of cortical reorganisation. Clinical interpretation of test ...
Respiratory-related neurons of the fastigial nucleus in response to
... a dorsal approach and cut. The central end of the nerve was mounted on a bipolar recording electrode and then covered with petroleum jelly to prevent drying. Raw signals of the PN were filtered (300–3,000 Hz) and amplified by using a preamplifier (model P15, Grass Instruments) before being displayed ...
... a dorsal approach and cut. The central end of the nerve was mounted on a bipolar recording electrode and then covered with petroleum jelly to prevent drying. Raw signals of the PN were filtered (300–3,000 Hz) and amplified by using a preamplifier (model P15, Grass Instruments) before being displayed ...
2. Parkinsons diseas and Movement Disorders. 1998
... Different areas of the cerebral cortex (neocortex) may be distinguished from one another by their histological features and neuroanatomical connections. Brodmann’s numbering scheme for cortical areas has been used for many years and will be introduced in this section. Projection areas. By following ...
... Different areas of the cerebral cortex (neocortex) may be distinguished from one another by their histological features and neuroanatomical connections. Brodmann’s numbering scheme for cortical areas has been used for many years and will be introduced in this section. Projection areas. By following ...
Essentials in the neuronal organization of the CNS
... Anatomy Department finds essential to appreciate the structure and function of the central nervous system. It is important to see clearly, however, that this handout does not substitute for the textbooks, but it can be used best in combination with the texts and the illustrations found in them. It w ...
... Anatomy Department finds essential to appreciate the structure and function of the central nervous system. It is important to see clearly, however, that this handout does not substitute for the textbooks, but it can be used best in combination with the texts and the illustrations found in them. It w ...
Discussion and future directions
... neuron. Hence, if there is no increase of the neural threshold, what we have obtained in our spiking SOM, were neurons highly responsive to several (i.e., maximum three) directions of movement. It is noteworthy that the preferred directions of each neuron, when represented on a circle, occupy an arc ...
... neuron. Hence, if there is no increase of the neural threshold, what we have obtained in our spiking SOM, were neurons highly responsive to several (i.e., maximum three) directions of movement. It is noteworthy that the preferred directions of each neuron, when represented on a circle, occupy an arc ...
The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
... • 13-7 Distinguish among the types of motor responses produced by various reflexes, and explain how reflexes interact to produce complex behaviors. • 13-8 Explain how higher centers control and modify reflex responses. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • 13-7 Distinguish among the types of motor responses produced by various reflexes, and explain how reflexes interact to produce complex behaviors. • 13-8 Explain how higher centers control and modify reflex responses. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Corticofugal modulation of functional connectivity within the auditory
... fed into stereotaxically oriented guide tubes. The microelectrodes can be advanced by steps or in continuous mode at a constant speed of 2 mm per 10 ms. A magnetic incremental shaft encoder (model 30B20, Minimotor SA, Agno, Switzerland) translates the rotational movement of the shaft into an electri ...
... fed into stereotaxically oriented guide tubes. The microelectrodes can be advanced by steps or in continuous mode at a constant speed of 2 mm per 10 ms. A magnetic incremental shaft encoder (model 30B20, Minimotor SA, Agno, Switzerland) translates the rotational movement of the shaft into an electri ...
On the role of primary motor cortex in arm movement
... building a coherent model of M1. A coherent model requires an answer to the following question: if the M1 population output encodes just one thing, what could that thing be? The model we arrive at is related to earlier views of muscle-based control. It accounts for later results by incorporating the ...
... building a coherent model of M1. A coherent model requires an answer to the following question: if the M1 population output encodes just one thing, what could that thing be? The model we arrive at is related to earlier views of muscle-based control. It accounts for later results by incorporating the ...
CYTOARCHITECTURE OF CEREBRAL CORTEX
... • Passive or subthreshold parameters: resting membrane potential; membrane time constants; input resistance; oscillation and resonance; rheobase and chronaxie; rectification • Action potential (AP) measurements: amplitude; threshold; halfwidth; afterhyperpolarization; afterdepolarization; changes in ...
... • Passive or subthreshold parameters: resting membrane potential; membrane time constants; input resistance; oscillation and resonance; rheobase and chronaxie; rectification • Action potential (AP) measurements: amplitude; threshold; halfwidth; afterhyperpolarization; afterdepolarization; changes in ...
Forward Prediction in the Posterior Parietal Cortex and Dynamic
... Prediction is not only fundamental for motor control, but may also be crucial for many aspects of cognition, including sequential planning, decision making, social interaction, action understanding, imitation and mental practice. Therefore, forward prediction might offer a cohesive framework for und ...
... Prediction is not only fundamental for motor control, but may also be crucial for many aspects of cognition, including sequential planning, decision making, social interaction, action understanding, imitation and mental practice. Therefore, forward prediction might offer a cohesive framework for und ...
Taste
... intensity of taste is limited. • A 30% change in the intensity of the substance being tasted is necessary before an intensity difference can be detected. • The threshold for taste varies widely in different individuals. • It also depends on the substance tasted; the next table shows the taste thresh ...
... intensity of taste is limited. • A 30% change in the intensity of the substance being tasted is necessary before an intensity difference can be detected. • The threshold for taste varies widely in different individuals. • It also depends on the substance tasted; the next table shows the taste thresh ...
Stimuluslocked responses on human arm muscles reveal a rapid
... 1 ⁄ 3 and 2 ⁄ 3, rather than 1 ⁄ 4 and 3 ⁄ 4 as are often used, because we were primarily interested in estimating the onset of discrimination; that said, our results were not qualitatively changed by modestly changing the threshold or timing parameters. To determine if the EMG activity was linked t ...
... 1 ⁄ 3 and 2 ⁄ 3, rather than 1 ⁄ 4 and 3 ⁄ 4 as are often used, because we were primarily interested in estimating the onset of discrimination; that said, our results were not qualitatively changed by modestly changing the threshold or timing parameters. To determine if the EMG activity was linked t ...
Morphometric Studies of the Neuropathological Changes in
... shrunken areas where the nerve cells may even be crowded together though their number is reduced . On the other hand gliosis is usually described in those shrunken structures despite the fact that the higher density of glial cells could also be caused by shrinkage without a real increase in the abso ...
... shrunken areas where the nerve cells may even be crowded together though their number is reduced . On the other hand gliosis is usually described in those shrunken structures despite the fact that the higher density of glial cells could also be caused by shrinkage without a real increase in the abso ...
PDF
... interactions. To study the circuits underlying this correlated activity, retinal and cortical inputs were selectively removed. Removal of all retinal input revealed the presence of intrinsic oscillatory LGN bursting, which was substantially correlated across all layers. This activity was abolished f ...
... interactions. To study the circuits underlying this correlated activity, retinal and cortical inputs were selectively removed. Removal of all retinal input revealed the presence of intrinsic oscillatory LGN bursting, which was substantially correlated across all layers. This activity was abolished f ...
Microneurography
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Microneurography,_experimental_setup,_schematic.jpg?width=300)
Microneurography is a neurophysiological method employed by scientists to visualize and record the normal traffic of nerve impulses that are conducted in peripheral nerves of waking human subjects. The method has been successfully employed to reveal functional properties of a number of neural systems, e.g. sensory systems related to touch, pain, and muscle sense as well as sympathetic activity controlling the constriction state of blood vessels. To study nerve impulses of an identified neural system, a fine tungsten needle electrode is inserted into the nerve and connected to a high gain recording amplifier. The exact position of the electrode tip within the nerve is then adjusted in minute steps until the electrode discriminates impulses of the neural system of interest. A unique feature and a significant strength of the microneurography method is that subjects are fully awake and able to cooperate in tests requiring mental attention, while impulses in a representative nerve fibre or set of nerve fibres are recorded, e.g. when cutaneous sense organs are stimulated or subjects perform voluntary precision movements.