Basic functional neuroanatomy
... motor or sensory deficits. Other disorders are due to circumscribed lesions, which include vascular occlusions, localized infections, some tumours, and the changes brought about by some injuries. When neurological symptoms and signs result from a circumscribed lesion, an accurate diagnosis may often ...
... motor or sensory deficits. Other disorders are due to circumscribed lesions, which include vascular occlusions, localized infections, some tumours, and the changes brought about by some injuries. When neurological symptoms and signs result from a circumscribed lesion, an accurate diagnosis may often ...
Sensory Neuron Processing
... The number of sensory neurons that respond The frequency of the Aps that are generated by each sensory neuron o Sensory adaptation to an ongoing stimulus Continuous stimulation of a sensory neuron resulted in a decreasing Response (sensory adaptation) Somatic Sensory Neurons o Information reac ...
... The number of sensory neurons that respond The frequency of the Aps that are generated by each sensory neuron o Sensory adaptation to an ongoing stimulus Continuous stimulation of a sensory neuron resulted in a decreasing Response (sensory adaptation) Somatic Sensory Neurons o Information reac ...
Peripheral Paresis of the Plexus brachialis
... The goal is to increase afferent input from different parts of the body, to enlarge the sum of information to the CNS. On that way we activate more motor units and there is an optimal muscle response. • Space summation (inputs on more neurons) • Time summation (more inputs on one neuron) ...
... The goal is to increase afferent input from different parts of the body, to enlarge the sum of information to the CNS. On that way we activate more motor units and there is an optimal muscle response. • Space summation (inputs on more neurons) • Time summation (more inputs on one neuron) ...
Adrenergic System
... ANS is subdivided into: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems. The efferent preganglionic fibers of sympathetic comes from thoracic and lumber regions of spinal cord, they synapse in the paravertebral ganglia. ...
... ANS is subdivided into: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems. The efferent preganglionic fibers of sympathetic comes from thoracic and lumber regions of spinal cord, they synapse in the paravertebral ganglia. ...
The muscular system
... • AGONIST: muscle primarily responsible for movement of a body part • ANTAGONIST: muscle that counteracts the agonist, lengthening when the agonist muscle contracts. • Many muscles are paired in agonist – antagonist relations • (Ex. Bicep and Triceps) ...
... • AGONIST: muscle primarily responsible for movement of a body part • ANTAGONIST: muscle that counteracts the agonist, lengthening when the agonist muscle contracts. • Many muscles are paired in agonist – antagonist relations • (Ex. Bicep and Triceps) ...
Nervous System
... Neurons are classified into three groups based on the diameter of their axons— A fibers, B fibers, and C fibers. A fibers, the largest, have axon diameters of 5–20 µm and are myelinated. B fibers have axon diameters of 2–3 µm and are also myelinated. C fibers have the smallest axon diameters of only ...
... Neurons are classified into three groups based on the diameter of their axons— A fibers, B fibers, and C fibers. A fibers, the largest, have axon diameters of 5–20 µm and are myelinated. B fibers have axon diameters of 2–3 µm and are also myelinated. C fibers have the smallest axon diameters of only ...
Drugs Acting on the Central and Peripheral Nervous
... The sodium–potassium pump that is active in the membranes of neurons is responsible for this property of the membrane. This system pumps sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. At rest, more sodium ions are outside the cell membrane, and more potassium ions are inside. Electric ...
... The sodium–potassium pump that is active in the membranes of neurons is responsible for this property of the membrane. This system pumps sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. At rest, more sodium ions are outside the cell membrane, and more potassium ions are inside. Electric ...
Chapter 16: The Autonomic System and Higher
... Upon completing this chapter, you will be able to 16-1 Compare the functions of the autonomic nervous system with that of the somatic nervous system. 16-6 Discuss the functional significance of dual innervation and autonomic tone. Discuss examples of organs that are controlled by dual innervat ...
... Upon completing this chapter, you will be able to 16-1 Compare the functions of the autonomic nervous system with that of the somatic nervous system. 16-6 Discuss the functional significance of dual innervation and autonomic tone. Discuss examples of organs that are controlled by dual innervat ...
of the smooth muscles
... The function of the nerve supply is not to initiate activity in the muscle but rather to modify it (control). It has dual nerve supply from 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Stimulation of one division usually increases smooth muscle activity, whereas stimulation of the other decreases i ...
... The function of the nerve supply is not to initiate activity in the muscle but rather to modify it (control). It has dual nerve supply from 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Stimulation of one division usually increases smooth muscle activity, whereas stimulation of the other decreases i ...
2.1.2. The Purpose: Acquaint the student by subject to neurologies
... endoplasmic reticulum, neurotubules, and neurofilaments (Fig. 1.1). Dendrites are short, more or less extensively branched, cellular processes that conduct afferent impulses toward the cell body. They provide the cell with a much larger surface area than the cell body alone, thereby increasing the a ...
... endoplasmic reticulum, neurotubules, and neurofilaments (Fig. 1.1). Dendrites are short, more or less extensively branched, cellular processes that conduct afferent impulses toward the cell body. They provide the cell with a much larger surface area than the cell body alone, thereby increasing the a ...
Central Nervous System
... Somatic Nervous System • Is part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements through the action of skeletal muscles, and with reception of external stimuli, which helps keep the body in touch with its ...
... Somatic Nervous System • Is part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements through the action of skeletal muscles, and with reception of external stimuli, which helps keep the body in touch with its ...
The Auditory Pathway: Transmission between Hair Cells and Eighth
... acoustic responses of these primary afferents.61 Each spiral ganglion neuron responds selectively to the frequency of sound that is optimal for the inner hair cell to which it is attached. Each inner hair cell is the sole presynaptic partner of a group of type I afferent neurons, numbering from 10 t ...
... acoustic responses of these primary afferents.61 Each spiral ganglion neuron responds selectively to the frequency of sound that is optimal for the inner hair cell to which it is attached. Each inner hair cell is the sole presynaptic partner of a group of type I afferent neurons, numbering from 10 t ...
Pain pathway
... division trigeminal nerve (V1) (cell body in Trigeminal/ Gasserian ganglion) enter pons, descend to medulla forming the spinal trigeminal tract and synapse in spinal trigeminal nucleus (caudal part) 2nd order neurons cross midline and ascend as trigeminothalamic tract VPM thalamus 3rd order neu ...
... division trigeminal nerve (V1) (cell body in Trigeminal/ Gasserian ganglion) enter pons, descend to medulla forming the spinal trigeminal tract and synapse in spinal trigeminal nucleus (caudal part) 2nd order neurons cross midline and ascend as trigeminothalamic tract VPM thalamus 3rd order neu ...
ANIMAL RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENT
... HUMAN RESPONSES TO THE ENVIRONMENT Two systems to be studied: ...
... HUMAN RESPONSES TO THE ENVIRONMENT Two systems to be studied: ...
2-Motor Unit2016-12-11 07:274.3 MB
... Motor unit recruitment: The group of motor units supplying a single muscle are Motor Unit Pool The two ways the nervous system increases force production is through **recruitment of new motor units and ** increasing stimulation frequency (rate coding). The activation of one motor neuron will re ...
... Motor unit recruitment: The group of motor units supplying a single muscle are Motor Unit Pool The two ways the nervous system increases force production is through **recruitment of new motor units and ** increasing stimulation frequency (rate coding). The activation of one motor neuron will re ...
CLASS #1: 9 Jan 2001
... A. Segmentation: There are 31 segments that are associated with each of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves (named the same way; e.g., T12 segment receives input from/ sends output through T12 spinal nerves. B. Organization: “Grey matter” surrounded by “white matter.” Through the middle runs a “central ca ...
... A. Segmentation: There are 31 segments that are associated with each of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves (named the same way; e.g., T12 segment receives input from/ sends output through T12 spinal nerves. B. Organization: “Grey matter” surrounded by “white matter.” Through the middle runs a “central ca ...
facial pain and twitches
... venous and arterial anastomosis. Bedside Doppler can be used for the arterial pedicle, but gives no information on the venous pedicle. We do ultrasound on these grafts, the morning after the procedure. We identify the site of venous anastomosis by identifying the venous coupler. We evaluate the arte ...
... venous and arterial anastomosis. Bedside Doppler can be used for the arterial pedicle, but gives no information on the venous pedicle. We do ultrasound on these grafts, the morning after the procedure. We identify the site of venous anastomosis by identifying the venous coupler. We evaluate the arte ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... based on a comparison of the different actions of noradrenaline and the closely related circulating hormone adrenaline, which is released from the adrenal gland by activation of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that originate in the lower lumbar segments. The release of noradrenaline from postga ...
... based on a comparison of the different actions of noradrenaline and the closely related circulating hormone adrenaline, which is released from the adrenal gland by activation of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that originate in the lower lumbar segments. The release of noradrenaline from postga ...
Sensation and Perception
... of the object itself to create a complete perception • Happens very automatically • Takes longer than top-down but is more accurate ...
... of the object itself to create a complete perception • Happens very automatically • Takes longer than top-down but is more accurate ...
Anatomy
... Brain imagine techniques such as PET scans and MRI are described on one of Eric Chudler's webpages.Such techniques are now being used to get information on where functions are localized in the brain. If you undertake a serious study of brain anatomy Harvard University's Whole Brain Atlas, produced b ...
... Brain imagine techniques such as PET scans and MRI are described on one of Eric Chudler's webpages.Such techniques are now being used to get information on where functions are localized in the brain. If you undertake a serious study of brain anatomy Harvard University's Whole Brain Atlas, produced b ...
The Crash Course in Head, Neck, and Arm By Mike Sughrue
... If we know just this, we can predict alot of things about these nerves. The nerves in the sensory group typically run directly to their target organ, and their complexity primarily becomes manifest in the CNS. Thus they are not the targets for this discussion. ...
... If we know just this, we can predict alot of things about these nerves. The nerves in the sensory group typically run directly to their target organ, and their complexity primarily becomes manifest in the CNS. Thus they are not the targets for this discussion. ...
Microneurography
Microneurography is a neurophysiological method employed by scientists to visualize and record the normal traffic of nerve impulses that are conducted in peripheral nerves of waking human subjects. The method has been successfully employed to reveal functional properties of a number of neural systems, e.g. sensory systems related to touch, pain, and muscle sense as well as sympathetic activity controlling the constriction state of blood vessels. To study nerve impulses of an identified neural system, a fine tungsten needle electrode is inserted into the nerve and connected to a high gain recording amplifier. The exact position of the electrode tip within the nerve is then adjusted in minute steps until the electrode discriminates impulses of the neural system of interest. A unique feature and a significant strength of the microneurography method is that subjects are fully awake and able to cooperate in tests requiring mental attention, while impulses in a representative nerve fibre or set of nerve fibres are recorded, e.g. when cutaneous sense organs are stimulated or subjects perform voluntary precision movements.