Muscle Synergies for Motor Control
... A fundamental challenge in neuroscience is understanding how the central nervous system (CNS) controls the large number of degrees-of-freedom of the musculoskeletal apparatus to perform a wide repertoire of motor tasks and behaviors. A long-standing hypothesis is that the CNS relies on a modular arc ...
... A fundamental challenge in neuroscience is understanding how the central nervous system (CNS) controls the large number of degrees-of-freedom of the musculoskeletal apparatus to perform a wide repertoire of motor tasks and behaviors. A long-standing hypothesis is that the CNS relies on a modular arc ...
Functional mapping of somato-motor properties in SII/pIC
... SII hand area and its nomenclature, the location of physiologically defined hand region is robustly consistent among previous findings [1-8]. Krubitzer and colleagues [1] by means of multi units recording on anesthetized monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) demonstrated two symmetric body representations i ...
... SII hand area and its nomenclature, the location of physiologically defined hand region is robustly consistent among previous findings [1-8]. Krubitzer and colleagues [1] by means of multi units recording on anesthetized monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) demonstrated two symmetric body representations i ...
Senses powerpoint
... • 1. _adaptation__ - loss of sensitivity after exposure to a stimulus. • 2. _sensory adaptation_ - result of sensor fatigue , receptor becomes less sensitive to stimulus - smell has great adaptation E. Sensory Limitations • 1. there are many stimuli for which we do not have receptors • 2. stimuli ma ...
... • 1. _adaptation__ - loss of sensitivity after exposure to a stimulus. • 2. _sensory adaptation_ - result of sensor fatigue , receptor becomes less sensitive to stimulus - smell has great adaptation E. Sensory Limitations • 1. there are many stimuli for which we do not have receptors • 2. stimuli ma ...
Recruitment properties of intramuscular and nerve
... resolution and reliability approaching that of natural neural control. Unfortunately, electrical stimulation of motor axons tends to result in a recruitment order opposite to that obtained by synaptic inputs [1], [2]. Normally, the smaller motoneurons innervating small numbers of slow, fatigue-resis ...
... resolution and reliability approaching that of natural neural control. Unfortunately, electrical stimulation of motor axons tends to result in a recruitment order opposite to that obtained by synaptic inputs [1], [2]. Normally, the smaller motoneurons innervating small numbers of slow, fatigue-resis ...
Principles of Electrical Currents
... – The body becomes the conductor – Monophasic application requires one negative electrode and one positive electrode – The strongest stimulation is where the current exists the body – Electrodes placed close together will give a superficial stimulation and be of high density ...
... – The body becomes the conductor – Monophasic application requires one negative electrode and one positive electrode – The strongest stimulation is where the current exists the body – Electrodes placed close together will give a superficial stimulation and be of high density ...
Cells to Systems
... • A group of similar cells that perform the same function. • The animal body has 4 types of tissue: – Muscle – Nerve – Connective – Epithelial ...
... • A group of similar cells that perform the same function. • The animal body has 4 types of tissue: – Muscle – Nerve – Connective – Epithelial ...
Lab Activity Sheets
... Significance: Within each plexus nerve fibers (neurons) from each ventral ramus are redistributed/recombined so that each branch of the plexus contains nerve fibers from several spinal nerves. As a result each muscle in a limb receives nerve fibers from several different spinal nerves. Advantage: In ...
... Significance: Within each plexus nerve fibers (neurons) from each ventral ramus are redistributed/recombined so that each branch of the plexus contains nerve fibers from several spinal nerves. As a result each muscle in a limb receives nerve fibers from several different spinal nerves. Advantage: In ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... • The adrenal medulla, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, and most blood vessels receive only sympathetic fibers • The sympathetic division controls • Thermoregulatory responses to heat • Release of renin from the kidneys • Metabolic effects • Increases metabolic rates of cells • Raises b ...
... • The adrenal medulla, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, and most blood vessels receive only sympathetic fibers • The sympathetic division controls • Thermoregulatory responses to heat • Release of renin from the kidneys • Metabolic effects • Increases metabolic rates of cells • Raises b ...
Reflexes
... motor neurons (red), which excite damped 1 When stretch activates muscle spindles, extrafusal fibers of the stretched muscle. Sensory fibers also synapse with interneurons the associated sensory neurons (blue) (green) that inhibit motor neurons (purple) transmit afferent impulses at higher controlli ...
... motor neurons (red), which excite damped 1 When stretch activates muscle spindles, extrafusal fibers of the stretched muscle. Sensory fibers also synapse with interneurons the associated sensory neurons (blue) (green) that inhibit motor neurons (purple) transmit afferent impulses at higher controlli ...
nerve impulse patterns and reflex control in the motor system
... By the time the attachment of electrodes was complete the reactivity of the animals was already low. It was nearly impossible to induce a hard claw pinch, but some walking and defensive reactions occurred. The defence reaction, which involves raising and opening the claws, was associated with strong ...
... By the time the attachment of electrodes was complete the reactivity of the animals was already low. It was nearly impossible to induce a hard claw pinch, but some walking and defensive reactions occurred. The defence reaction, which involves raising and opening the claws, was associated with strong ...
Chapter 3
... A 64 question, self-report tool used to assess functional impairment associated with pain Measures the frequency of certain behaviors such as housework, recreation and social activities that produce pain ...
... A 64 question, self-report tool used to assess functional impairment associated with pain Measures the frequency of certain behaviors such as housework, recreation and social activities that produce pain ...
Slide 1
... afferents are located in the trigeminal gagnglion and in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. • The two cell groups appear to have similar thresholds for tooth displacement. – Central projections of primary afferents with cell bodies in trigeminal ganglion bifurcation and terminate on ...
... afferents are located in the trigeminal gagnglion and in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. • The two cell groups appear to have similar thresholds for tooth displacement. – Central projections of primary afferents with cell bodies in trigeminal ganglion bifurcation and terminate on ...
Nervous System Powerpoint
... • Dendrites: short extensions that receive signals • Axon: long extension that transmits impulses away ...
... • Dendrites: short extensions that receive signals • Axon: long extension that transmits impulses away ...
sms5
... Figure 34-5 The amount of active contractile force developed during contraction depends on the degree of overlap of thick and thin filaments. When the sarcomere is stretched beyond the length at which the thick and thin filaments overlap (length a), no active force develops because the myosin heads ...
... Figure 34-5 The amount of active contractile force developed during contraction depends on the degree of overlap of thick and thin filaments. When the sarcomere is stretched beyond the length at which the thick and thin filaments overlap (length a), no active force develops because the myosin heads ...
autonomic nervous system
... slows heart rate, dilates blood vessels above the injury Produces a pounding headache, hypertension, flushed skin, profuse sweating above the injury and cool dry skin below ...
... slows heart rate, dilates blood vessels above the injury Produces a pounding headache, hypertension, flushed skin, profuse sweating above the injury and cool dry skin below ...
Chapter 10 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... • Dendrites - receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body • Axon – conducts impulses away from the nerve cell • Terminal end fibers – lead the nervous impulse away from the axon and toward the synapse. ...
... • Dendrites - receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body • Axon – conducts impulses away from the nerve cell • Terminal end fibers – lead the nervous impulse away from the axon and toward the synapse. ...
26: Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, White and Grey Matter
... Spinal nerves branch again into dorsal rami and ventral rami (singular: ramus). Dorsal rami innervate the back and ventral rami innervate most other regions of the body except for the head. The ventral rami communicate with the sympathetic chain via sympathetic rami (the white ramus communicans and ...
... Spinal nerves branch again into dorsal rami and ventral rami (singular: ramus). Dorsal rami innervate the back and ventral rami innervate most other regions of the body except for the head. The ventral rami communicate with the sympathetic chain via sympathetic rami (the white ramus communicans and ...
File
... -- motor and sensory neurons’ axons and dendrites are myelinated (making them white in colour (aka white matter)); interneurons and any ganglia are unmyelinated (making them gray in colour (aka gray matter)). FYI: humans possess 12 pairs of cranial (brain) nerves that are strictly sensory or motor n ...
... -- motor and sensory neurons’ axons and dendrites are myelinated (making them white in colour (aka white matter)); interneurons and any ganglia are unmyelinated (making them gray in colour (aka gray matter)). FYI: humans possess 12 pairs of cranial (brain) nerves that are strictly sensory or motor n ...
Powerpoint
... and occipital lobe Grey matter on outer surface, white matter inner surface Cerebral cortex is highly folded to increase the surface area for holding more neurones for more complicated coordination. ...
... and occipital lobe Grey matter on outer surface, white matter inner surface Cerebral cortex is highly folded to increase the surface area for holding more neurones for more complicated coordination. ...
Section: Nervous system
... THE SPINAL CORD 32. The spinal cord is protected by _______________ . 33. The spinal cord is made of ________________ and ________________. 34. Nerve fibers in your spinal cord allow your brain to communicate with your _____________ nervous system. 35. A spinal cord injury may block all information ...
... THE SPINAL CORD 32. The spinal cord is protected by _______________ . 33. The spinal cord is made of ________________ and ________________. 34. Nerve fibers in your spinal cord allow your brain to communicate with your _____________ nervous system. 35. A spinal cord injury may block all information ...
Pathologies of the Elbow
... brachioradialis and ECRL, between the ulnar half of the ECRB and its fascia, and at the distal border of supinator. Often mimics tennis elbow ...
... brachioradialis and ECRL, between the ulnar half of the ECRB and its fascia, and at the distal border of supinator. Often mimics tennis elbow ...
Nervous System - Intermediate School Biology
... Know that the conduction of nerve impulses along a neuron involves the movement of ions (details not required). Describe a synapse. Know the gap between the neurones is the synaptic cleft. Describe how impulses are conducted across a synapse: When neurotransmitters are activated by ions they are rel ...
... Know that the conduction of nerve impulses along a neuron involves the movement of ions (details not required). Describe a synapse. Know the gap between the neurones is the synaptic cleft. Describe how impulses are conducted across a synapse: When neurotransmitters are activated by ions they are rel ...
Introduction to Anatomy
... neurotransmitter onto a sensory neuron that may initiate threshold depolarization ...
... neurotransmitter onto a sensory neuron that may initiate threshold depolarization ...
Microneurography
Microneurography is a neurophysiological method employed by scientists to visualize and record the normal traffic of nerve impulses that are conducted in peripheral nerves of waking human subjects. The method has been successfully employed to reveal functional properties of a number of neural systems, e.g. sensory systems related to touch, pain, and muscle sense as well as sympathetic activity controlling the constriction state of blood vessels. To study nerve impulses of an identified neural system, a fine tungsten needle electrode is inserted into the nerve and connected to a high gain recording amplifier. The exact position of the electrode tip within the nerve is then adjusted in minute steps until the electrode discriminates impulses of the neural system of interest. A unique feature and a significant strength of the microneurography method is that subjects are fully awake and able to cooperate in tests requiring mental attention, while impulses in a representative nerve fibre or set of nerve fibres are recorded, e.g. when cutaneous sense organs are stimulated or subjects perform voluntary precision movements.