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Intro to the Biological Perspective
Intro to the Biological Perspective

... The nervous system is both a powerful computer and a complex communication system. The complex mass of nerve cells called the brain is a computer that not only thinks and calculates, but also feels and controls actions. The brain is connected to a thick bundle of long nerves running through the spin ...
Intro to the Biological Perspective
Intro to the Biological Perspective

... The nervous system is both a powerful computer and an complex communication system. The complex mass of nerve cells called the brain is a computer that not only thinks and calculates, but also feels and controls actions. The brain is connected to a thick bundle of long nerves running through the spi ...
Insights from models of rhythmic motor systems
Insights from models of rhythmic motor systems

... network robustness Rhythmic motor systems are robust, and function reliably throughout an animal’s life [26]. Several recent experimental and modeling studies have highlighted cellular and synaptic mechanisms that could potentially contribute to this robustness. Brute-force computational explorati ...
Intro to the Biological Perspective
Intro to the Biological Perspective

... The nervous system is both a powerful computer and a complex communication system. The complex mass of nerve cells called the brain is a computer that not only thinks and calculates, but also feels and controls actions. The brain is connected to a thick bundle of long nerves running through the spin ...
Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain
Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain

... Neurons vary in size and shape, depending on their location and function. More than 200 types have been identified in mammals. ©2002 Prentice Hall ...
Thinking in circuits: toward neurobiological explanation in cognitive
Thinking in circuits: toward neurobiological explanation in cognitive

... time, but rather in a compromise (average or sum) vector which may be dissimilar to any of the intended representations. Sparsely coded cell assemblies with small overlap, whose activation can co-exist within the same network, offer a solution to this problem by allowing two or more representations ...
Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Human Anatomy & Physiology I

... Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publishers assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of theses programs or from the use of the ...
Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719
Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719

... shock intensities have been shown in previous studies to produce retention latencies that can be reduced by treatments impairing amygdalar function and enhanced by treatments enhancing it (Roozendaal et al., 2009). Rats remained in the dark compartment for an additional 15 s after the shock-dark com ...
document1004
document1004

... action. The comparison with the parameters of intermediate subresulls reveals the correspondence of the stages of realization of the program to the planned ones; the comparison with the parameters of the final result reveals the correspondence between the achieved organism-environment relation and t ...
Neuroscience Course Learning Objectives
Neuroscience Course Learning Objectives

... 228. the elements of the patient history that localize symptoms to structures in the posterior fossa 229. some of the pathological mechanisms that are associated with specific posterior fossa clinical Syndromes. 230. For each of the four cases presented, what is the most likely pathology (e.g., tumo ...
Chapter 10
Chapter 10

... – Enzymes that are present in the synaptic cleft destroy NT – For example, acetylcholinesterase destroys ACh ...
Division of Informatics, University of Edinburgh
Division of Informatics, University of Edinburgh

... nonical neurons respond to different types of visual stimuli than mirror neurons. While canonical neurons discharge at the mere sight of an object, mirror neurons are triggered at the sight of hand or mouth interactions with objects. This uncovers the presence of an interesting visuomotor coupling m ...
THE ELECTRICAL BRAIN
THE ELECTRICAL BRAIN

... about half a millisecond. That may seem fast, but for many physiological processes — such as the flight reflex of the blowfish, during which it instantaneously flips its tail to escape predators — it would be too slow for survival. In such cases, electrical synapses are at work, delivering their sig ...
Reconstructing the Engram: Neurotechnique Simultaneous, Multisite
Reconstructing the Engram: Neurotechnique Simultaneous, Multisite

... revealed that, whereas a very restricted sensory response is usually observed in the PrV, the sensory responses in the SpV, VPM, and SI cortex cannot be defined as discrete representations of the cutaneous periphery. Figure 5 further supports this finding by demonstrating that stimulation of differe ...
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Full Material(s)-Please Click here

... Traditionally glia has been considered to lack certain features of neurons. For example, glial cells were not believed to have chemical synapses or to release neurotransmitters. They were considered to be the passive bystanders of neural transmission. However, recent studies have shown this to be un ...
突觸與神經訊號傳遞 - 國立交通大學開放式課程
突觸與神經訊號傳遞 - 國立交通大學開放式課程

... ※ The Structure of Neurons ※ (CH48-1)  The Structure of Neurons:  Neurons: • The basic signaling units, are distinguished by their form, function, location, and interconnectivity within the nervous system. • Neurons take in information, make a “decision” about it following some relatively simple ...
Sympathetic - Perkins Science
Sympathetic - Perkins Science

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... • Na+/K+ pumps pump out 3 Na+ for every 2 K+ they bring in – work continuously to compensate for Na+ and K+ leakage, and requires great deal of ATP • 70% of the energy requirement of the nervous ...
Growth and Development of Infants
Growth and Development of Infants

...  Axons become coated as a child grows  Axons that control motor abilities, vision, and hearing receive coating first ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Placement and Functional
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Placement and Functional

... Abstract Synaptic transmission between neurons is the basic unit of communication in neural circuits. The relative number and distribution of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs across individual dendrites and neurons are the hardware of local dendritic and cellular computations. In this chapt ...
Basal Ganglia
Basal Ganglia

... cerebral cortex. They receive information from the frontal cortex about behavior that is being planned for a particular situation. In turn, the basal ganglia affect activity in the frontal cortex through a series of neural projections that ultimately go back up to the same cortical areas from which ...
Biological and Artificial Neurons Lecture Outline Biological Neurons
Biological and Artificial Neurons Lecture Outline Biological Neurons

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PPT - Michael J. Watts
PPT - Michael J. Watts

... • Neurotransmitters cleaned up by enzymes o ...
PowerPoint presentation about mindsets
PowerPoint presentation about mindsets

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Fixed mindset
Fixed mindset

... under-represent past successes and overrepresent failures (pessimism) explain the cause of events as something stable about them. ...
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Activity-dependent plasticity

A defining feature of the brain is its capacity to undergo changes based on activity-dependent functions, also called activity-dependent plasticity. Its ability to remodel itself forms the basis of the brain’s capacity to retain memories, improve motor function, and enhance comprehension and speech amongst other things. It is this trait to retain and form memories that is functionally linked to plasticity and therefore many of the functions individuals perform on a daily basis. This plasticity is the result of changed gene expression that occurs because of organized cellular mechanisms.The brain’s ability to adapt toward active functions has allowed humans to specialize in specific processes based on relative use and activity. For example, a right-handed person may perform any movement poorly with his/her left hand but continuous practice with the less dominant hand can make both hands just as able. Another example is if someone was born with a neurological disorder such as autism or had a stroke that resulted in a disorder, then they are capable of retrieving much of their lost function by practicing and “rewiring” the brain in order to incorporate these lost manners. Thanks to the pioneers within this field, many of these advances have become available to most people and many more will continue to arrive as new features of plasticity are discovered.
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