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Biology 218 – Human Anatomy - RIDDELL
Biology 218 – Human Anatomy - RIDDELL

... i. Neuroglia occupy about half the volume of the CNS; they are generally smaller but are more numerous than neurons. ii. Unlike neurons, neuroglia do not transmit nerve impulses and they can divide in the mature nervous system; brain tumors derived from glia are called gliomas. iii. There are four t ...
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... (CNS), also regulates experience-dependent neural plasticity and controls synapse formation as well as synaptic, dendritic and axonal anatomy. This review highlights an emerging role of growth inhibitory factors, namely, they also restrict growth and plasticity within the nervous system, which is im ...
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... 3. Axons are long “arms” that send info away from the cell body to other neurons or body parts. 1. Axons are insulated by the myelin sheath. This insulation helps control the impulses and speeds their travel. 2. Messages travel along neurons at between 2 and 200 mph (depending on the type of neuron) ...
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How your brain and nervous system work

... Foundation tier only: low demand • Name and locate the main parts of the nervous system, to include: o the central nervous system (CNS) (brain and spinal cord) o the peripheral nervous system Both tiers: standard demand • Name and locate the parts of a motor neurone: cell body, axon and sheath. • Re ...
6. Peripheral Nervous System
6. Peripheral Nervous System

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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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