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Nervous System
Nervous System

... wave of opening ion channels moves down neuron signal moves in one direction       flow of K+ out of cell stops activation of Na+ channels in wrong direction ...
Special Senses
Special Senses

... 2. Cristae: hair cells are covered by a thick gelatinous substance; provide information about movement of the head. Located in ampullae. 3. Maculae: Hair cells covered by a thick gelatinous substance, which is in turn covered by calcium carbonate rocks (otoliths). The otoliths press on the hair cell ...
unit 3A-3B DA BRAIN - Madeira City Schools
unit 3A-3B DA BRAIN - Madeira City Schools

... The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres. It is the body’s ultimate control and information processing center. ...
ch 3 the brain pp - Madeira City Schools
ch 3 the brain pp - Madeira City Schools

... The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres. It is the body’s ultimate control and information processing center. ...
Sensory Organs
Sensory Organs

... and balance and receives branch of cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear) Cochlear portion which is sensory for sound and receives the cochlear nerve, a branch of cranial nerve VIII ...
Get the full text version of this article (PDF-file, 120 KB)
Get the full text version of this article (PDF-file, 120 KB)

... was how hard and rigid even tiny nerves can become. In that state they are practically impervious to stretch. Another — more profound — surprise was to discover that joints are often restricted, not from myofascial tension, but from neurofascial restriction. — from the fact that nerves, when they be ...
Chapter 28
Chapter 28

... (3) rate of signaling is summation of all the signals (4) contrast excitatory and inhibitory synapses in how they change a receiving cell’s membrane potential relative to triggering an action potential. f) variety of small molecules function as neurotransmitters i) dozens are known and there are lik ...
Neuroanatomy The central nervous system (CNS)
Neuroanatomy The central nervous system (CNS)

...  Convergent pathways: many neurons converge and synapse with smaller number of neurons. E.g., synthesis of data in brain.  Divergent pathways: small number of presynaptic neurons synapse with large number of postsynaptic neurons. E.g., important information can be transmitted to many parts of the ...
Neuropathology Review
Neuropathology Review

...  Ependymal Granulation: Subglial cells which are under the ependymal cells that proliferate when there’s ependymal cell damage (i.e. meningitis), forming granulation to protect.  Stenosis of the aqueduct: Caused by cellular proliferation. Damage after meningitis, causing aqueduct stenosis ----> hy ...
commissural axons
commissural axons

... are sensitised to the Sema3B residing at the midline. The floor plate then acts as an axon guidance cue activation/deactivation switch, initiating the post-crossing step by expressing a growth factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which is expressed in multiple ...
Slides - gserianne.com
Slides - gserianne.com

... glands, dendrites and neuronal cell bodies ...
and peripheral nerves, and is composed of cells called neurons that
and peripheral nerves, and is composed of cells called neurons that

... concentration gradients and the membrane potential. Nerve impulses have a domino effect. An action potential in one part of the neuron causes another action potential in the adjacent part and so on. This is due to the diffusion of sodium ions between the region of the action potential and the restin ...
the biology of brain and glandular system in the
the biology of brain and glandular system in the

... between nerve cells are called synapses. But even through there are an enormous number of connections, research shows that they are arranged in an orderly fashion – certain cells connect only with certain others. Because physiological psychologists are interested in the involvement of the nervous sy ...
Symptoms: visual disturbances, ______, loss of
Symptoms: visual disturbances, ______, loss of

... a. Originates from the neural ________ and neural _________ formed from ectoderm b. Neural tube becomes the CNS c. Cell ___________ i. About 2/3 of neurons die before birth ii. Death results in cells that fail to make functional synaptic contacts iii. Many cells also die due to ___________ (programm ...
neuron-neuroglia
neuron-neuroglia

... canal of cord Function: assists in produdction and cirulation of CSF ...
Chapter 48 Presentation
Chapter 48 Presentation

... around the axons of many vertebrate neurons. ...
Action potential - Solon City Schools
Action potential - Solon City Schools

... • Afferent (Sensory) Neurons carry messages from tissues and sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord for processing ...
Nerve Transfer for Elbow Extension in Obstetrical Brachial Plexus
Nerve Transfer for Elbow Extension in Obstetrical Brachial Plexus

... Objections deriving from the selective neurotisation procedure are the exhaustion of a prolonged denervated muscle and the time limit in which the nerve transfers should be performed. Actually, electromyographic studies may offer further indications, but the point to be considered in OBPP is that a ...
Carrie Heath
Carrie Heath

... not stimulate the skeletal muscle of the frog and when they did stimulate the muscle? What can be concluded from the results of these two experiments? What was the purpose of using curare in this experiment? 2. What two factors could account for the size of some MEPP’s amplitudes to be larger than 4 ...
Endocrine and Nervous Systems
Endocrine and Nervous Systems

... When you are hot or exercise strenuously, you lose water through sweat. If you lose too much water, your pituitary gland releases a hormone called ADH. Your blood carries the ADH to your kidneys, where it signals the kidneys to slow the removal of water from the blood. You also feel thirsty and tak ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... with organs and glands • Neuroglia (glial cells) support, protect and nourish neurons (do not send nerve impulses ...
Nervous System - science
Nervous System - science

... peripheral nervous system? To connect the central nervous system, or brain and spinal cord, with all parts of the body ...
Degenerative diseases of the CNS
Degenerative diseases of the CNS

... 2. Circulation (possibly recirculation) of the immuno competent lymphatic cells via blood and lymph. ...
2 - IS MU
2 - IS MU

... synaptic vesicles (synaptosomes) into the synaptic clefts. In the central nervous system, specific neuron types release neurohormones or other neuropeptides, which may have special ...
Neurotransmitter proteins
Neurotransmitter proteins

... Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse and attach to receptors of a neighboring neuron ...
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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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