Nervous System PPT notes
... of a Reflex Arc. Did each group member have the reflex? Do you think the patellar reflex is a monosynaptic or polysynaptic reflex arc? Back your answer up. 2. Describe the Reflex Arc involved in the direct Pupillary Light Reflex & Consensual Pupillary Light Reflex. Label each component with specific ...
... of a Reflex Arc. Did each group member have the reflex? Do you think the patellar reflex is a monosynaptic or polysynaptic reflex arc? Back your answer up. 2. Describe the Reflex Arc involved in the direct Pupillary Light Reflex & Consensual Pupillary Light Reflex. Label each component with specific ...
Onset and physiology of labor
... Spontaneous depolarization of pacemaker cells. Gap junctions spread depolarization Exact trigger is unknown Hormonal ...
... Spontaneous depolarization of pacemaker cells. Gap junctions spread depolarization Exact trigger is unknown Hormonal ...
HECTtype E3 ubiquitin ligases in nerve cell development and
... critical for termination of the cell cycle and differentiation of neuronal progenitors [41]. In HUWE1 deficient cerebellum, neuronal precursors display enhanced levels of N-Myc, failure to exit cell cycle, hyperproliferation and persistent ectopic nerve cell clusters. Additionally, HUWE1 depletion re ...
... critical for termination of the cell cycle and differentiation of neuronal progenitors [41]. In HUWE1 deficient cerebellum, neuronal precursors display enhanced levels of N-Myc, failure to exit cell cycle, hyperproliferation and persistent ectopic nerve cell clusters. Additionally, HUWE1 depletion re ...
DESCENDING TRACTS - University of Kansas
... Corticospinal Tract Lesions Reduced muscle tone Clumsiness Weakness Not complete paralysis Note: complete paralysis results if both pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems are involved (as is often the case). ...
... Corticospinal Tract Lesions Reduced muscle tone Clumsiness Weakness Not complete paralysis Note: complete paralysis results if both pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems are involved (as is often the case). ...
6 Control of Ventilation and Respiratory Muscles
... The Diaphragm The floor of the thoracic cavity is closed by a thin musculoten dinous sheet, the diaphragm—the most important inspiratory muscle, accounting for approximately 70% of minute ventila tion in normal subjects. The diaphragm is anatomically unique among the skeletal muscles in that its f ...
... The Diaphragm The floor of the thoracic cavity is closed by a thin musculoten dinous sheet, the diaphragm—the most important inspiratory muscle, accounting for approximately 70% of minute ventila tion in normal subjects. The diaphragm is anatomically unique among the skeletal muscles in that its f ...
The Role of Selective Transport in Neuronal Protein
... targeting of all polarized neuronal proteins. NgCAM is concentrated in the axonal plasma membrane despite its abundant transport into dendrites. Thus, our results demonstrate that at least two distinct mechanisms underlie the selective targeting of polarized proteins in nerve cells: one mechanism, f ...
... targeting of all polarized neuronal proteins. NgCAM is concentrated in the axonal plasma membrane despite its abundant transport into dendrites. Thus, our results demonstrate that at least two distinct mechanisms underlie the selective targeting of polarized proteins in nerve cells: one mechanism, f ...
Identification of the Neuropeptide Transmitter Proctolin in Drosophila
... from the CNS, hindgut, and segmental bodywall using reverse-phase HPLC, and characterized by bioassay, immunoassay, and enzymatic analysis. A small, stereotyped population of proctolin-immunoreactive neurons was found in the larval CNS. Several of the identified neurons may be efferents. In the peri ...
... from the CNS, hindgut, and segmental bodywall using reverse-phase HPLC, and characterized by bioassay, immunoassay, and enzymatic analysis. A small, stereotyped population of proctolin-immunoreactive neurons was found in the larval CNS. Several of the identified neurons may be efferents. In the peri ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... OPTION 4 ( a special case, or is it?) a. preganglionic fiber- the preganglionic fiber may pass through the sympathetic chain ganglion and splanchnic nerve to synapse on cells of the adrenal medulla. b. Postganglionic fiber- the neuroendocrine cells of the adrenal medulla themselves are considered a ...
... OPTION 4 ( a special case, or is it?) a. preganglionic fiber- the preganglionic fiber may pass through the sympathetic chain ganglion and splanchnic nerve to synapse on cells of the adrenal medulla. b. Postganglionic fiber- the neuroendocrine cells of the adrenal medulla themselves are considered a ...
Central projections of auditory receptor neurons of crickets
... information to the brain and to interneurons that modify this ascending information. The more laterally and posteriorly branching receptor type may not interact directly with this ascending pathway, but is well positioned to provide direct input to an interneuron that carries auditory information to ...
... information to the brain and to interneurons that modify this ascending information. The more laterally and posteriorly branching receptor type may not interact directly with this ascending pathway, but is well positioned to provide direct input to an interneuron that carries auditory information to ...
Slide 1
... • When patella hit, stretch receptors sense this - action potentials sent up sensory neuron into spinal cord. • Sensory neuron synapses with motor neuron in spinal cord stimulates leg muscles to contract, causing leg to move. Quic kTime™ and a dec ompres sor are needed to see this pic ture. ...
... • When patella hit, stretch receptors sense this - action potentials sent up sensory neuron into spinal cord. • Sensory neuron synapses with motor neuron in spinal cord stimulates leg muscles to contract, causing leg to move. Quic kTime™ and a dec ompres sor are needed to see this pic ture. ...
Skeletal System
... Like sensory neurons serving somatic structures (skeletal muscles and skin) The cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons are located in the sensory ganglia of associated cranial nerves or in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord ...
... Like sensory neurons serving somatic structures (skeletal muscles and skin) The cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons are located in the sensory ganglia of associated cranial nerves or in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord ...
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE
... Spinal nerves are all mixed nerves There are 31 pair of spinal nerves Connective Tissue coverings are same as above ...
... Spinal nerves are all mixed nerves There are 31 pair of spinal nerves Connective Tissue coverings are same as above ...
Microsoft Word 97 - 2003 Document
... Sensory neurons carry impulses from specialized nerve endings, called receptors (from where the action is in the environment) to the spinal cord or brain. These receptors can be specialized for heat, light, pressure, etc. The cell body of the sensory neuron is located in clusters called ganglia, nex ...
... Sensory neurons carry impulses from specialized nerve endings, called receptors (from where the action is in the environment) to the spinal cord or brain. These receptors can be specialized for heat, light, pressure, etc. The cell body of the sensory neuron is located in clusters called ganglia, nex ...
Cranial Nerve I
... • Pattern recognition – ability to recognize patterns in stimuli (e.g., melody, familiar face) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Pattern recognition – ability to recognize patterns in stimuli (e.g., melody, familiar face) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Common Input to Motor Neurons Innervating the Same and Different
... over different parts of the muscle, therefore, could be affected by differences in intrinsic properties of motor neurons that innervate different parts of a muscle, such as occurs for deep and superficial regions of some hind limb muscles in rodents (Kernell 1998). Alternatively, motor neurons suppl ...
... over different parts of the muscle, therefore, could be affected by differences in intrinsic properties of motor neurons that innervate different parts of a muscle, such as occurs for deep and superficial regions of some hind limb muscles in rodents (Kernell 1998). Alternatively, motor neurons suppl ...
Respiratory Physiology during Sleep
... • Central chemoreceptors, located primarily within the ventrolateral surface of medulla, respond to changes in brain extracellular fluid [H1] concentration. • Other receptors have been recently identified in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and the cerebellum. • These receptors are effectively CO2 recep ...
... • Central chemoreceptors, located primarily within the ventrolateral surface of medulla, respond to changes in brain extracellular fluid [H1] concentration. • Other receptors have been recently identified in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and the cerebellum. • These receptors are effectively CO2 recep ...
11-1 FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Sensory input
... 1. Cells can communicate using electric signals called action potentials. 2. To understand action potentials, it is first necessary to understand that the electrical properties of cells result from (1) the concentration differences of ions across the plasma membrane, and (2) the permeability charact ...
... 1. Cells can communicate using electric signals called action potentials. 2. To understand action potentials, it is first necessary to understand that the electrical properties of cells result from (1) the concentration differences of ions across the plasma membrane, and (2) the permeability charact ...
The Matrix Protein Hikaru genki Localizes to Cholinergic Synaptic
... sections of the anterior and posterior brain regions are shown. Hig was observed in the entire synaptic region labeled with Brp in the WT brain, whereas Hig signals disappeared in higdd37. al, Antennal lobe; cx, calyx of the MB. B–E, Double labeling of synapses in the antennal lobe with antibodies a ...
... sections of the anterior and posterior brain regions are shown. Hig was observed in the entire synaptic region labeled with Brp in the WT brain, whereas Hig signals disappeared in higdd37. al, Antennal lobe; cx, calyx of the MB. B–E, Double labeling of synapses in the antennal lobe with antibodies a ...
Descending Tracts
... It receives projection fibers from the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia, and gives origin to two descending extrapyramidal tracts: •The lateral tectospinal tract: Originates from the superior colliculus (the center of visual reflexes), crosses to the opposite side and terminates in the cervical ...
... It receives projection fibers from the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia, and gives origin to two descending extrapyramidal tracts: •The lateral tectospinal tract: Originates from the superior colliculus (the center of visual reflexes), crosses to the opposite side and terminates in the cervical ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.