The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord
... Figure 15.3b The Posterior Column, Spinothalamic, and Spinocerebellar Sensory Tracts Anterior Spinothalamic Tract A Sensory Homunculus A sensory homunculus (“little human”) is a functional map of the primary sensory cortex. The proportions are very different from those of the individual because the ...
... Figure 15.3b The Posterior Column, Spinothalamic, and Spinocerebellar Sensory Tracts Anterior Spinothalamic Tract A Sensory Homunculus A sensory homunculus (“little human”) is a functional map of the primary sensory cortex. The proportions are very different from those of the individual because the ...
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[3h]cyclohexyladenosine
... found (0 to 28 grains/600 pm3) was linear with tissue radioactivity (Unnerstall et al., 1981). Blank slides had a uniform grain density of 2.2 f 0.2 grains/600 pm3. The grain densities defined in this paper as significant were greater than or equal to 3.7 + 0.3 grains/600 pm3 (p < 0.005). All of the ...
... found (0 to 28 grains/600 pm3) was linear with tissue radioactivity (Unnerstall et al., 1981). Blank slides had a uniform grain density of 2.2 f 0.2 grains/600 pm3. The grain densities defined in this paper as significant were greater than or equal to 3.7 + 0.3 grains/600 pm3 (p < 0.005). All of the ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... 0.1 ms) indicated that the synaptic potentials were elicited monosynaptically. These potentials were almost completely blocked by an application of bicuculline, an antagonist for GABAA receptors (Fig. 1 B). These results together indicated that the potentials evoked by test stimulation of layer II/I ...
... 0.1 ms) indicated that the synaptic potentials were elicited monosynaptically. These potentials were almost completely blocked by an application of bicuculline, an antagonist for GABAA receptors (Fig. 1 B). These results together indicated that the potentials evoked by test stimulation of layer II/I ...
The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord
... Sensory and Motor Tracts • Naming the tracts • If the tract name begins with “spino” (as in spinocerebellar), the tract is a sensory tract delivering information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum (in this case) • If the tract name ends with “spinal” (as in vestibulospinal), the tract is a moto ...
... Sensory and Motor Tracts • Naming the tracts • If the tract name begins with “spino” (as in spinocerebellar), the tract is a sensory tract delivering information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum (in this case) • If the tract name ends with “spinal” (as in vestibulospinal), the tract is a moto ...
Spinal nerves, cervical, lumbar and sacral plexus
... • anterior and lateral muscles of the leg and foot – (extensors that dorsiflex the foot- Tibialis anterior, EDL, EHL) – Skin distribution: lateral and anterior leg and dorsum of the foot – susceptible to injury because of its superficial location at the head and neck of the fibula - Foot drop (unabl ...
... • anterior and lateral muscles of the leg and foot – (extensors that dorsiflex the foot- Tibialis anterior, EDL, EHL) – Skin distribution: lateral and anterior leg and dorsum of the foot – susceptible to injury because of its superficial location at the head and neck of the fibula - Foot drop (unabl ...
Long-Term Depression in Identified Stellate Neurons of Juvenile Rat
... specificity and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the long-term plasticity in the EC remain to be determined. About 70% of the neurons in layer II of the EC are stellate neurons (Klink and Alonso 1997) the axons of which form the perforant path that innervates the dentate gyrus granul ...
... specificity and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the long-term plasticity in the EC remain to be determined. About 70% of the neurons in layer II of the EC are stellate neurons (Klink and Alonso 1997) the axons of which form the perforant path that innervates the dentate gyrus granul ...
Motor systems Basal ganglia
... Now that we know the major circuits in the basal ganglia, let’s take a look at some basic disorders and why they occur. Damage to the basal ganglia causes two different classes of syndromes, one characterized by an increase in movement (hyperkinetic) and the other characterized by decreased movement ...
... Now that we know the major circuits in the basal ganglia, let’s take a look at some basic disorders and why they occur. Damage to the basal ganglia causes two different classes of syndromes, one characterized by an increase in movement (hyperkinetic) and the other characterized by decreased movement ...
May 11, 04copy.doc
... Furthermore, electrolytic lesion of thalamus in the newborn decreases α1 in layers III-IV, but increases α2, α3, and α5 in the same SI layers (Paysan, 1997). When whiskers are trimmed during a critical period of early postnatal development, stimulation of the regrown whiskers causes a degraded tunin ...
... Furthermore, electrolytic lesion of thalamus in the newborn decreases α1 in layers III-IV, but increases α2, α3, and α5 in the same SI layers (Paysan, 1997). When whiskers are trimmed during a critical period of early postnatal development, stimulation of the regrown whiskers causes a degraded tunin ...
Chapter 8 PowerPoint
... A membrane potential exists across the cell membrane because (1) the cytosol and the extracellular fluid differ in their ionic composition, and (2) the cell membrane is selectively permeable to these ions. The membrane potential can quickly change, as the ionic permeability of the cell membrane chan ...
... A membrane potential exists across the cell membrane because (1) the cytosol and the extracellular fluid differ in their ionic composition, and (2) the cell membrane is selectively permeable to these ions. The membrane potential can quickly change, as the ionic permeability of the cell membrane chan ...
35-2 The Nervous System
... At the end of the neuron, the impulse reaches an axon terminal. Usually the neuron makes contact with another cell at this site. The neuron may pass the impulse along to the second cell. The location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell is called a synapse. Slide 26 of 38 Copyri ...
... At the end of the neuron, the impulse reaches an axon terminal. Usually the neuron makes contact with another cell at this site. The neuron may pass the impulse along to the second cell. The location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell is called a synapse. Slide 26 of 38 Copyri ...
The parasympathetic system
... Parasympathetic excitation contracts the ciliary muscle, which is a ring like structure encircling the outside of the lends; constriction of this muscle allows the lens to become more convex causing the eye to focus on objects near at hand ...
... Parasympathetic excitation contracts the ciliary muscle, which is a ring like structure encircling the outside of the lends; constriction of this muscle allows the lens to become more convex causing the eye to focus on objects near at hand ...
PAX: A mixed hardware/software simulation platform for
... parameters and describes individual ionic and synaptic conductances for each neuron in accordance with the dynamics of ionic channels. This type of model is necessary to emulate the dynamics of individual neurons within a network. Conductance-based models reduced to 2 dimensions are also very popula ...
... parameters and describes individual ionic and synaptic conductances for each neuron in accordance with the dynamics of ionic channels. This type of model is necessary to emulate the dynamics of individual neurons within a network. Conductance-based models reduced to 2 dimensions are also very popula ...
Slide 1
... Loss of sensation post 1/3 tongue (IX); loss of sensation in larynx & pharynx, dysarthria & dysphagia (X); weakness of ipsil. SCM & trapezius (XI) ...
... Loss of sensation post 1/3 tongue (IX); loss of sensation in larynx & pharynx, dysarthria & dysphagia (X); weakness of ipsil. SCM & trapezius (XI) ...
Raven Ch
... d. repolarization The correct answer is a—temporal summation A. Answer a is correct. Temporal summation is the term used to describe a change in the timing of firing of the presynaptic cell. The correct answer is a— B. Answer b is incorrect. Spatial summation describes the effect of multiple presyna ...
... d. repolarization The correct answer is a—temporal summation A. Answer a is correct. Temporal summation is the term used to describe a change in the timing of firing of the presynaptic cell. The correct answer is a— B. Answer b is incorrect. Spatial summation describes the effect of multiple presyna ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.