Muscular System
... Around each cell is plasma membrane called the sarcolemma which contains sarcoplasm (cytoplasm). Each ...
... Around each cell is plasma membrane called the sarcolemma which contains sarcoplasm (cytoplasm). Each ...
Name______________________________ Muscle Tissue
... 2. Cardiac Muscle – found only in the heart and responsible for the movement of blood. 3. Smooth Muscle – found in a variety of visceral organs and other locations where it provides elasticity, contractility and support 1. Muscle tissue is specialized to _______________. Skeletal Muscle 2. These mus ...
... 2. Cardiac Muscle – found only in the heart and responsible for the movement of blood. 3. Smooth Muscle – found in a variety of visceral organs and other locations where it provides elasticity, contractility and support 1. Muscle tissue is specialized to _______________. Skeletal Muscle 2. These mus ...
m5zn_363798b57fd4c88
... receptors, some of which may be responding to quite different types of stimuli. Thus, the output of an integrating center reflects the net effect of the total afferent input, that is, it represents an integration of numerous bits of information. The output of an integrating center is sent to the las ...
... receptors, some of which may be responding to quite different types of stimuli. Thus, the output of an integrating center reflects the net effect of the total afferent input, that is, it represents an integration of numerous bits of information. The output of an integrating center is sent to the las ...
Biology 4 Study Guide
... __________ ___________ from _____________ passing from one neuron to the next. The transmission of an electrical impulse between neurons is fairly simple. When the electrical __________ reaches the end of the axon, ___________________ are _____________ from the _______________ terminals. The NTMs th ...
... __________ ___________ from _____________ passing from one neuron to the next. The transmission of an electrical impulse between neurons is fairly simple. When the electrical __________ reaches the end of the axon, ___________________ are _____________ from the _______________ terminals. The NTMs th ...
Design principles of sensory receptors
... the 7-TM protein does not couple to a G protein. Instead, it functions as an ionotropic receptor (Figure 1B) since its activation gates an ion channel (Nagel et al., 2005). GPCRs may form homomeric (Figure 1C) as well as heteromeric dimers (Figure 1D). For class A GPCRs instable homodimerization ha ...
... the 7-TM protein does not couple to a G protein. Instead, it functions as an ionotropic receptor (Figure 1B) since its activation gates an ion channel (Nagel et al., 2005). GPCRs may form homomeric (Figure 1C) as well as heteromeric dimers (Figure 1D). For class A GPCRs instable homodimerization ha ...
Study/Review * Nervous System Part 2 * CNS and PNS
... 5. Which of these correctly describes the distribution of ions on either side of an axon when it is not conducting a nerve impulse? a. More sodium ions outside and more potassium ions inside b. More potassium ions outside and less sodium ions inside c. Charged proteins outside and sodium and potass ...
... 5. Which of these correctly describes the distribution of ions on either side of an axon when it is not conducting a nerve impulse? a. More sodium ions outside and more potassium ions inside b. More potassium ions outside and less sodium ions inside c. Charged proteins outside and sodium and potass ...
The Muscular System
... The Nerve Stimulus and Action Potential __________ muscles must be stimulated by a ____________ neuron (nerve cell) to ____________ _______ unit—one motor __________ and all the skeletal muscle cells ___________by that neuron ________________________ junction Association site of __________ t ...
... The Nerve Stimulus and Action Potential __________ muscles must be stimulated by a ____________ neuron (nerve cell) to ____________ _______ unit—one motor __________ and all the skeletal muscle cells ___________by that neuron ________________________ junction Association site of __________ t ...
THE SPINAL CORD AND SPINAL REFLEXES
... increases distally and is highest at the volar aspect of the fingertips. C: Two-point discrimination. The numbers give the shortest distance between two pointws touching the skin that can be identified by the experimentaql subject as two. Based on 10 subjects (From Brodal). ...
... increases distally and is highest at the volar aspect of the fingertips. C: Two-point discrimination. The numbers give the shortest distance between two pointws touching the skin that can be identified by the experimentaql subject as two. Based on 10 subjects (From Brodal). ...
Nerve Physiology
... If the transmitter opens a cation influx, the resulting depolarization is called an Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential (EPSP). These individual potentials are sub-threshold. If the transmitter opens an anion influx, the resulting hyperpolarization is called an Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential (IPS ...
... If the transmitter opens a cation influx, the resulting depolarization is called an Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential (EPSP). These individual potentials are sub-threshold. If the transmitter opens an anion influx, the resulting hyperpolarization is called an Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential (IPS ...
muscle strength testing gradation chart
... 3. Herniations at lumbar disk levels do not usually affect the nerve exiting directly at that level because of the angle and position of exit of these nerves as they exit directly beneath the pedicle they essentially escape injury by the HNP. The nerve level that is usually affected is one level low ...
... 3. Herniations at lumbar disk levels do not usually affect the nerve exiting directly at that level because of the angle and position of exit of these nerves as they exit directly beneath the pedicle they essentially escape injury by the HNP. The nerve level that is usually affected is one level low ...
Responses to stimulating multiple inputs
... A. converts ATP to cAMP B. sub-class of biogenic amines C. released at neuromuscular junctions D. amine with double ring structure E. retrograde signaling substance F. inhibitory transmitter in vertebrate CNS G. lack of this associated with Parkinson's disease H. produces 2nd messengers IP3 & Diacyl ...
... A. converts ATP to cAMP B. sub-class of biogenic amines C. released at neuromuscular junctions D. amine with double ring structure E. retrograde signaling substance F. inhibitory transmitter in vertebrate CNS G. lack of this associated with Parkinson's disease H. produces 2nd messengers IP3 & Diacyl ...
Part 1: Multiple choice
... 1. Upper motor neurons A. Control the upper half of the torso B. synapse on muscles in the eye, neck, and head C. synapse on local circuit neurons and/or lower motor neurons <––– D. affect motor patterns only indirectly via their inputs to the basal ganglia. E. None of the above 2. A motor pool (as ...
... 1. Upper motor neurons A. Control the upper half of the torso B. synapse on muscles in the eye, neck, and head C. synapse on local circuit neurons and/or lower motor neurons <––– D. affect motor patterns only indirectly via their inputs to the basal ganglia. E. None of the above 2. A motor pool (as ...
sms5
... is called the stretch reflex. The Golgi tendon organ provides force feedback. The more the muscle contracts, the more the Golgi tendon organ and its afferent are activated. In the diagram the interneuron between afferent nerve fiber and motoneuron is inhibitory. Thus increased muscle force leads to ...
... is called the stretch reflex. The Golgi tendon organ provides force feedback. The more the muscle contracts, the more the Golgi tendon organ and its afferent are activated. In the diagram the interneuron between afferent nerve fiber and motoneuron is inhibitory. Thus increased muscle force leads to ...
Introduction to the Pharmacology of CNS Drugs: Introduction Drugs
... but their exact location is unknown. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (group I), which are localized just outside the postsynaptic density, are also present at some excitatory synapses. GABA and Glycine Both GABA and glycine are inhibitory neurotransmitters, which are typically released from local i ...
... but their exact location is unknown. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (group I), which are localized just outside the postsynaptic density, are also present at some excitatory synapses. GABA and Glycine Both GABA and glycine are inhibitory neurotransmitters, which are typically released from local i ...
neurons
... of its membrane and allowing positive ions to rush in. • The neuron then quickly pushes the positively charged ions back out again and closes that section of its membrane. • The neuron then opens the next section of its membrane and allows the positively charged ions to rush in, and quickly pushes t ...
... of its membrane and allowing positive ions to rush in. • The neuron then quickly pushes the positively charged ions back out again and closes that section of its membrane. • The neuron then opens the next section of its membrane and allows the positively charged ions to rush in, and quickly pushes t ...
Zoran Đogaš
... If a sudden pull or stretch occurs, the body responds by automatically increasing the muscle's tension, a reflex which helps guard against danger as well as helping to maintain balance. Such near-continuous innervation can be thought of as a "default” or "steady state" condition for muscles. ...
... If a sudden pull or stretch occurs, the body responds by automatically increasing the muscle's tension, a reflex which helps guard against danger as well as helping to maintain balance. Such near-continuous innervation can be thought of as a "default” or "steady state" condition for muscles. ...
CHAPTER EIGHT
... - lipid bilayer is a barrier for the movement of most water soluble substances between intra and extracellular fluids - integral proteins offer a pathway through the cell membrane and can be referred to as transport proteins of which there are two types 1. Channel Proteins have a watery space all th ...
... - lipid bilayer is a barrier for the movement of most water soluble substances between intra and extracellular fluids - integral proteins offer a pathway through the cell membrane and can be referred to as transport proteins of which there are two types 1. Channel Proteins have a watery space all th ...
Chapter 12 - Nervous Tissue
... 6. An action potential is ___ or _____ – if a neuron is stimulated to threshold, it will generate and action potential; if it the stimulus does not reach threshold, no action potential occurs C. ______________ Transmission 1. When the action potential reaches the axon ___________, the electrical imp ...
... 6. An action potential is ___ or _____ – if a neuron is stimulated to threshold, it will generate and action potential; if it the stimulus does not reach threshold, no action potential occurs C. ______________ Transmission 1. When the action potential reaches the axon ___________, the electrical imp ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.