axonal terminals
... 1. Polarization of the neuron's membrane: Sodium is on the outside, and potassium is on the inside. • When a neuron is not stimulated — it's just sitting with no impulse to carry or transmit — its membrane is polarized. • Being polarized means that the electrical charge on the outside of the membran ...
... 1. Polarization of the neuron's membrane: Sodium is on the outside, and potassium is on the inside. • When a neuron is not stimulated — it's just sitting with no impulse to carry or transmit — its membrane is polarized. • Being polarized means that the electrical charge on the outside of the membran ...
section 3 - the nervous system and sensory physiology
... into the neuron cell cytoplasm – with ion gates closed. During the production of an action potential, the pumps remain “on” while the sodium channels open first allowing the initial entry of sodium ions into the neuron (depolarization), followed immediately by the potassium channels opening with pot ...
... into the neuron cell cytoplasm – with ion gates closed. During the production of an action potential, the pumps remain “on” while the sodium channels open first allowing the initial entry of sodium ions into the neuron (depolarization), followed immediately by the potassium channels opening with pot ...
Part 1: The Strange Tale of Phineas Gage
... Read about one of the most famous cases in the history of science: the amazing tale of Phineas Gage, and answer the questions below. You will need to click through all five short pages of the story. ...
... Read about one of the most famous cases in the history of science: the amazing tale of Phineas Gage, and answer the questions below. You will need to click through all five short pages of the story. ...
File
... active movement that is neuromuscularly similar to yawning. As our primary technique, it sets HSE apart from other forms of somatic education. The pandicular response is instinctual and functions to refresh cortical awareness of muscle contraction, allowing the muscles to then come to rest. This act ...
... active movement that is neuromuscularly similar to yawning. As our primary technique, it sets HSE apart from other forms of somatic education. The pandicular response is instinctual and functions to refresh cortical awareness of muscle contraction, allowing the muscles to then come to rest. This act ...
neuron
... neurons • myelin sheath: layer of fatty tissue that insulates the axon and helps speed up message transmission – multiple sclerosis: deterioration of myelin leads to slowed communication with muscles and impaired sensation in limbs ...
... neurons • myelin sheath: layer of fatty tissue that insulates the axon and helps speed up message transmission – multiple sclerosis: deterioration of myelin leads to slowed communication with muscles and impaired sensation in limbs ...
Slide - Reza Shadmehr
... A neuron can produce only one kind of neurotransmitter at its synapse. The post-synaptic neuron will have receptors for this neurotransmitter that will either cause an increase or decrease in membrane potential. Acetylcholine (ACh) Released by neurons that control muscles (motor neurons), neurons th ...
... A neuron can produce only one kind of neurotransmitter at its synapse. The post-synaptic neuron will have receptors for this neurotransmitter that will either cause an increase or decrease in membrane potential. Acetylcholine (ACh) Released by neurons that control muscles (motor neurons), neurons th ...
Chapter 10: Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function
... 8. A nerve impulse is the propagation of action potentials along an axon. F. All-or-None Response 1. A nerve impulse is an all-or-nothing response, meaning if a neuron responds at all to a nerve impulse, it responds completely. 2. A greater intensity of stimulation on the neuron produces more impuls ...
... 8. A nerve impulse is the propagation of action potentials along an axon. F. All-or-None Response 1. A nerve impulse is an all-or-nothing response, meaning if a neuron responds at all to a nerve impulse, it responds completely. 2. A greater intensity of stimulation on the neuron produces more impuls ...
Neural Basis of Motor Control
... open. When they do open, potassium rushes out of the cell, reversing the depolarization. Also at about this time, sodium channels start to close. This causes the action potential to go back toward -70 mV (a repolarization). Gradually, the ion concentrations go back to resting levels and the cell ret ...
... open. When they do open, potassium rushes out of the cell, reversing the depolarization. Also at about this time, sodium channels start to close. This causes the action potential to go back toward -70 mV (a repolarization). Gradually, the ion concentrations go back to resting levels and the cell ret ...
Nervous System
... nerve cell or NEURON. • Although there are different kinds of neurons, they share certain characteristics ...
... nerve cell or NEURON. • Although there are different kinds of neurons, they share certain characteristics ...
slides
... to the presynaptic cell. This is called “re-uptake”. Once back in the presynaptic cell, they are broken down by enzymes and re-used. ...
... to the presynaptic cell. This is called “re-uptake”. Once back in the presynaptic cell, they are broken down by enzymes and re-used. ...
Myocyte enhancer factor-2D expression in ALS lymphomonocytes
... MEF2 genes are also involved in neuronal differentiation and survival, and display some important functions even in other cell types, such as T-lymphocytes. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disorder characterized by motor neuron degeneration and muscle wasting, mutual interacting pheno ...
... MEF2 genes are also involved in neuronal differentiation and survival, and display some important functions even in other cell types, such as T-lymphocytes. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disorder characterized by motor neuron degeneration and muscle wasting, mutual interacting pheno ...
Nervous System
... – ACh binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the skeletal muscle fiber leading to its contraction • All preganglionic motor neurons exocytose ACh – ACh binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the postganglionic neuron creating an AP ...
... – ACh binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the skeletal muscle fiber leading to its contraction • All preganglionic motor neurons exocytose ACh – ACh binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the postganglionic neuron creating an AP ...
The Muscular System
... Visceral muscle tissue, or smooth muscle, is tissue associated with the internal organs of the body, especially those in the abdominal cavity. As with any muscle, the smooth, involuntary muscles of the visceral muscle tissue (which lines the blood vessels, stomach, digestive tract, and other interna ...
... Visceral muscle tissue, or smooth muscle, is tissue associated with the internal organs of the body, especially those in the abdominal cavity. As with any muscle, the smooth, involuntary muscles of the visceral muscle tissue (which lines the blood vessels, stomach, digestive tract, and other interna ...
Nervous System
... – ACh binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the skeletal muscle fiber leading to its contraction • All preganglionic motor neurons exocytose ACh – ACh binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the postganglionic neuron creating an AP ...
... – ACh binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the skeletal muscle fiber leading to its contraction • All preganglionic motor neurons exocytose ACh – ACh binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the postganglionic neuron creating an AP ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.