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ap physics 1
ap physics 1

Quantum Correlations
Quantum Correlations

Ionization of Atoms with Intense, Linearly and Circularly Polarized
Ionization of Atoms with Intense, Linearly and Circularly Polarized

... Circular versus Linear Polarization Both BSI and ADK models of ionization depend on the strength of theelectric field. For linearly polarized light, the electric field oscillates in time, ~ ( t=) el cos at,and is related to the intensity as!, = q2,whereas for circularly polarized light, the electric ...
Kepler`s Laws
Kepler`s Laws

... Suppose a particle P moving through 3-space is acted upon by a force in the direction of the line from P to a fixed point, say the origin O of R3 (i.e., the force is a central force). Then we can show that the motion of the particle occurs in a fixed plane containing O. First note that central forces ...
Jovan Marjanovic - Angular Momentum, Parametric Oscillator and
Jovan Marjanovic - Angular Momentum, Parametric Oscillator and

... Tension force T has some angle between center of the rotation o and point where the thread touches circumference of the stick because of thickness of the stick a. Tension force can be presented as resultant force of two others: Normal force which is also central force Tc and tangential force Tt whic ...
Supplimentary Notes IV Rotational Dynamics So far we have only
Supplimentary Notes IV Rotational Dynamics So far we have only

... dt Thus, the torque on a particle changes the quantity ~r × p~. What is ~r × p~? It’s magnitude is |~r||~p|sinθ, where θ is the angle between ~r and p~. |~p|sin(θ) is the component of momentum perpendicular to ~r. It is in essence the ”rotational” momentum of the particle about the origin. The name ...
systems of particles
systems of particles

What are electromagnetic waves?
What are electromagnetic waves?

Systems of Particles
Systems of Particles

... frictionless horizontal tract. While the cart is at rest, the ball is given an initial velocity v0  2 gl . ...
How is Light Made?
How is Light Made?

... Electromagnetic radiation is everywhere around us. It is the light that we see, it is the heat that we feel, it is the UV rays that gives us sunburn, and it is the radio waves that transmit signals for radio and TVs. EM radiation can propagate through vacuum since it doesn’t need any medium to trave ...
A2_Unit4_03_Momentum_02
A2_Unit4_03_Momentum_02

16-11. From Eq. (16.10), a general expression for a sinusoidal wave
16-11. From Eq. (16.10), a general expression for a sinusoidal wave

LinearMomentum - University of Colorado Boulder
LinearMomentum - University of Colorado Boulder

... feels the same-sized force F, but in opposite directions. Each object experiences the same-sized force for the same duration t. So each object receives the same-sized impulse I = p = Ft, but with opposite directions. Done. 1D collision: ...
LECTURE 22 THE STRONG COUPLING CONSTANT, QUARK-GLUON PLASMA (QGP)
LECTURE 22 THE STRONG COUPLING CONSTANT, QUARK-GLUON PLASMA (QGP)

... One has to regard the strong coupling as αs decreasing with increasing momentum transfer |q| which is given by O(h/r). strength of the interaction depends on µ2 = | q2 – Eq2/c2 | ...
Chapter 9 Lecture
Chapter 9 Lecture

Physics ch. 6
Physics ch. 6

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... the wave function of an electron is a probability amplitude, and its modulus square gives the probability density of finding the electron in a certain location at a given instant. This is usually called the probability interpretation of the wave function. Notwithstanding its great success, the proba ...
Faraday Rotation
Faraday Rotation

The Physics of Particle Detectors
The Physics of Particle Detectors

... The Bethe-Bloch equation describes the mean energy loss When a charged particle passes the layer of material with thickness x , the energy distribution of the δ-electrons and the fluctuations of their number (nδ) cause fluctuations of the energy losses ΔE The energy loss ΔE in a layer of material is ...
chapter4MakingSenseU..
chapter4MakingSenseU..

... 1. The force of the car on the truck is equal and opposite to the force of the truck on the car. T 2. The momentum transferred from the truck to the car is equal and opposite to the momentum transferred from the car to the truck. T 3. The change of velocity of the car is the same as the change of ve ...
chapter4MakingSenseU..
chapter4MakingSenseU..

This chapter deals with conservation of energy, momentum and
This chapter deals with conservation of energy, momentum and

... We begin with energy conservation and obtain the Poynting vector which you have had exposure to in Physics 212. Poynting was Maxwell’s graduate student. The Poynting vector S is very similar to the current density J. Just like the current density gives the current per unit area flowing into a regio ...
k - 核工业西南物理研究院
k - 核工业西南物理研究院

... Nonlinearity of LH wave absorption The plasma temperature in HL-2A is much lower than that in future reactor. To establish RS configuration, the LH driven current should be located off-axis where the plasma temperature is even lower, and the plasma absorption of high phase velocity LH waves is too ...
Sample Course Outline
Sample Course Outline

... When beginning a new chapter, It is recommend that you read through it quickly the first time, just to give yourself a good feel for what it is about. If you are really on the job you will have done this before the class lecture on the chapter! You will understand what's going on in class much bette ...
Inertia and Momentum
Inertia and Momentum

... To decrease the momentum of an object, assuming you can’t decrease the mass and velocity, you will either: 1) decrease the time interval and increase the force or 2) decrease the force and increase the time (mass)(velocity) = (Force)(time) ...
< 1 ... 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 ... 296 >

Photon polarization

Photon polarization is the quantum mechanical description of the classical polarized sinusoidal plane electromagnetic wave. Individual photon eigenstates have either right or left circular polarization. A photon that is in a superposition of eigenstates can have linear, circular, or elliptical polarization.The description of photon polarization contains many of the physical concepts and much of the mathematical machinery of more involved quantum descriptions, such as the quantum mechanics of an electron in a potential well, and forms a fundamental basis for an understanding of more complicated quantum phenomena. Much of the mathematical machinery of quantum mechanics, such as state vectors, probability amplitudes, unitary operators, and Hermitian operators, emerge naturally from the classical Maxwell's equations in the description. The quantum polarization state vector for the photon, for instance, is identical with the Jones vector, usually used to describe the polarization of a classical wave. Unitary operators emerge from the classical requirement of the conservation of energy of a classical wave propagating through media that alter the polarization state of the wave. Hermitian operators then follow for infinitesimal transformations of a classical polarization state.Many of the implications of the mathematical machinery are easily verified experimentally. In fact, many of the experiments can be performed with two pairs (or one broken pair) of polaroid sunglasses.The connection with quantum mechanics is made through the identification of a minimum packet size, called a photon, for energy in the electromagnetic field. The identification is based on the theories of Planck and the interpretation of those theories by Einstein. The correspondence principle then allows the identification of momentum and angular momentum (called spin), as well as energy, with the photon.
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