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CHAPTER III MICROELECTRONIC DESIGN
CHAPTER III MICROELECTRONIC DESIGN

... Toumazou,94] were good candidates for it. However, after an analysis and several circuit modifications, we realized that their power consumption was too large for a design whose aim was to reduce this parameter. The reason for its high power consumption is the class B or AB input stage whose transis ...
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Basics of Digital Multimeters

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... For example, if a negative object touches a neutral object, electrons jump from the negative object to the neutral object. Now the neutral object is negative. If a positive object touches a neutral object, the electrons jump from the neutral object to the positive object. The neutral object then bec ...
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... detector output, DD, changes as the dropout voltage approaches its limit. This is useful for warning that regulation can no longer be maintained. The dropout detector output is an open collector output from a PNP transistor. Under normal operating conditions with the input voltage more than 300 mV a ...
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... power is delivered to this circuit when Vrms = 210 V? 38. Why is the following situation impossible? A series circuit consists of an ideal AC source (no inductance or capacitance in the source itself) with an rms voltage of V at a frequency f and a magnetic buzzer with a resistance R and an induct ...
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... (REQ) of Fig. 1A. 2) Connect the power supply (V1 = 6 Vdc) to the circuit. Use the DMM to measure the voltage drop across each resistor. 3) Measure the current through each resistor in the circuit. Note, it is impossible to measure the current ‘across’ a resistor, you must use the DMM differently wh ...
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... In general, there are two types of transistors commonly used: Field Effect (FET) and Bipolar Junction (BJT). This problem will use a BJT. A BJT is a three terminal device, where the input current into one terminal (the base) affects the current flowing out of a second terminal (the collector). The t ...
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TRIAC



TRIAC, from triode for alternating current, is a genericized tradename for an electronic component that can conduct current in either direction when it is triggered (turned on), and is formally called a bidirectional triode thyristor or bilateral triode thyristor.TRIACs are a subset of thyristors and are closely related to silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR). However, unlike SCRs, which are unidirectional devices (that is, they can conduct current only in one direction), TRIACs are bidirectional and so allow current in either direction. Another difference from SCRs is that TRIAC current can be enabled by either a positive or negative current applied to its gate electrode, whereas SCRs can be triggered only by positive current into the gate. To create a triggering current, a positive or negative voltage has to be applied to the gate with respect to the MT1 terminal (otherwise known as A1).Once triggered, the device continues to conduct until the current drops below a certain threshold called the holding current.The bidirectionality makes TRIACs very convenient switches for alternating-current (AC) circuits, also allowing them to control very large power flows with milliampere-scale gate currents. In addition, applying a trigger pulse at a controlled phase angle in an AC cycle allows control of the percentage of current that flows through the TRIAC to the load (phase control), which is commonly used, for example, in controlling the speed of low-power induction motors, in dimming lamps, and in controlling AC heating resistors.
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