Enzymes other than polymerases needed for replication
... Model for gamma complex loading beta clamp ...
... Model for gamma complex loading beta clamp ...
DNA vs. RNA
... DNA Replication is Semiconservative • The two strands of the parental molecule separate, and each acts as a template for a new complementary strand • In other words: when DNA makes a copy, one half of the OLD strand is always kept in the NEW strand. – This helps reduce the number of COPY errors. ...
... DNA Replication is Semiconservative • The two strands of the parental molecule separate, and each acts as a template for a new complementary strand • In other words: when DNA makes a copy, one half of the OLD strand is always kept in the NEW strand. – This helps reduce the number of COPY errors. ...
Activity 3.3.3 Extracting DNA
... new cells with similar characteristics. DNA is the starting point for studying genetics and gene inheritance that will be studied in future activities and projects. The DNA found in the nucleus of animal and plant cells consist of long threadlike chains of proteins. These microscopic threads number ...
... new cells with similar characteristics. DNA is the starting point for studying genetics and gene inheritance that will be studied in future activities and projects. The DNA found in the nucleus of animal and plant cells consist of long threadlike chains of proteins. These microscopic threads number ...
Document
... along each linear chromosome DNA unwinds and unzips into two strands Each old strand of DNA serves as a template for a new strand Complementary base-pairing forms a new strand paired with each old strand • Requires enzyme DNA polymerase ...
... along each linear chromosome DNA unwinds and unzips into two strands Each old strand of DNA serves as a template for a new strand Complementary base-pairing forms a new strand paired with each old strand • Requires enzyme DNA polymerase ...
DNA Function in Heredity Chapter 11
... The Nature of DNA • DNA structure should explain biological processes – DNA replication - semi-conservative • each strand serves as a template for a new strand • each new strand grows from 5’=>3’ by the addition of base-paired dNTPs ...
... The Nature of DNA • DNA structure should explain biological processes – DNA replication - semi-conservative • each strand serves as a template for a new strand • each new strand grows from 5’=>3’ by the addition of base-paired dNTPs ...
Ch 16 MolecularBasisofInheritance - APBIO-CON
... The fact that cells double the amount of DNA in a cell prior to mitosis and then distribute the DNA equally to each daughter cell provided some circumstantial evidence that DNA was the genetic material in eukaryotes. ...
... The fact that cells double the amount of DNA in a cell prior to mitosis and then distribute the DNA equally to each daughter cell provided some circumstantial evidence that DNA was the genetic material in eukaryotes. ...
DNA Replication
... nonvirulent R strain Pneumoccocus bacteria He found that R strain could become virulent when it took in DNA from heatkilled S strain Study suggested that DNA was probably the genetic material ...
... nonvirulent R strain Pneumoccocus bacteria He found that R strain could become virulent when it took in DNA from heatkilled S strain Study suggested that DNA was probably the genetic material ...
Introduction to DNA
... At the replication fork, DNA Polymerase move along each DNA strand and add complimentary nucleotides. Adenine with thymine Cytosine with Guanine ...
... At the replication fork, DNA Polymerase move along each DNA strand and add complimentary nucleotides. Adenine with thymine Cytosine with Guanine ...
Chapter 16 PPT
... • In mismatch repair of DNA, repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing • DNA can be damaged by chemicals, radioactive emissions, X-rays, UV light, and certain molecules (in cigarette smoke for example) • In nucleotide excision repair, a nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA Cop ...
... • In mismatch repair of DNA, repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing • DNA can be damaged by chemicals, radioactive emissions, X-rays, UV light, and certain molecules (in cigarette smoke for example) • In nucleotide excision repair, a nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA Cop ...
Chromosomes
... What is so special about chromosomes ? 1.They are huge: One bp = 600 dalton, an average chromosome is 107 bp long = 109‐ 1010 dalton ! (for comparison a protein of 3x105 is considered very big. ...
... What is so special about chromosomes ? 1.They are huge: One bp = 600 dalton, an average chromosome is 107 bp long = 109‐ 1010 dalton ! (for comparison a protein of 3x105 is considered very big. ...
Ch 9 Study Guide
... In DNA, four forms of this molecule each have a different type of nitrogen base. Know what a nucleotide molecule looks like. The combined efforts of approximately 100 replication forks make it possible to replicate an entire human chromosome in about 8 hours. The process by which DNA polymerase is a ...
... In DNA, four forms of this molecule each have a different type of nitrogen base. Know what a nucleotide molecule looks like. The combined efforts of approximately 100 replication forks make it possible to replicate an entire human chromosome in about 8 hours. The process by which DNA polymerase is a ...
DNA Structure and Replication
... protein was the cell’s hereditary material because it was more complex than DNA • Proteins were composed of 20 different amino acids in long polypeptide chains ...
... protein was the cell’s hereditary material because it was more complex than DNA • Proteins were composed of 20 different amino acids in long polypeptide chains ...
Nuclear Architecture, Chromosome Territories, Chromatin Dynamics
... 1. After hybridization, peal off rubber cement, gently remove the cover slip and transfer cells to 2xSSC. In case that the cover slip cannot be striped off easily, incubate briefly in 2xSSC and try again. All following washing steps should be performed e.g. in 6-or 12 well plates with marked slots. ...
... 1. After hybridization, peal off rubber cement, gently remove the cover slip and transfer cells to 2xSSC. In case that the cover slip cannot be striped off easily, incubate briefly in 2xSSC and try again. All following washing steps should be performed e.g. in 6-or 12 well plates with marked slots. ...
DNA Replication – Lecture by Dr Mahmood S Choudhery
... on one strand 3. End problem of DNA replication ...
... on one strand 3. End problem of DNA replication ...
Foundations of Biology
... bulge appears in images of polytene chromosomes In situ hybridization using cosmid clones mapped to that region show hybridization on the outside of this structure, but not in the middle Figure from http://www.helsinki.fi/~saura/EM/xdiv2.html ...
... bulge appears in images of polytene chromosomes In situ hybridization using cosmid clones mapped to that region show hybridization on the outside of this structure, but not in the middle Figure from http://www.helsinki.fi/~saura/EM/xdiv2.html ...
Chapter 16
... 5. REPLICATING THE ENDS OF DNA MOLECULES The usual replication machinery cannot complete the 5' ends of daughter DNA strands. DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to the 3' end of a preexisting nucleotide. The 3' end of the lagging strand is provided by the primer. When the primer is removed at t ...
... 5. REPLICATING THE ENDS OF DNA MOLECULES The usual replication machinery cannot complete the 5' ends of daughter DNA strands. DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to the 3' end of a preexisting nucleotide. The 3' end of the lagging strand is provided by the primer. When the primer is removed at t ...
Elongation of the Leading strand in DNA Replication
... Lagging strand Because DNA synthesis can only occur 5' to 3', a molecule of a second type of DNA polymerase (epsilon, ε, in eukaryotes) binds to the other template strand as the double helix opens. This molecule must synthesize discontinuous segments of polynucleotides (called Okazaki fragments). An ...
... Lagging strand Because DNA synthesis can only occur 5' to 3', a molecule of a second type of DNA polymerase (epsilon, ε, in eukaryotes) binds to the other template strand as the double helix opens. This molecule must synthesize discontinuous segments of polynucleotides (called Okazaki fragments). An ...
The Fly Genome
... Arms are divided into numbered divisions going left to right starting with the X chromosome distal left arm and ending with division 100 on the distal right arm of chromosome 3. Divisions are divided into lettered subdivisions going left to right ©2000 Timothy G. Standish ...
... Arms are divided into numbered divisions going left to right starting with the X chromosome distal left arm and ending with division 100 on the distal right arm of chromosome 3. Divisions are divided into lettered subdivisions going left to right ©2000 Timothy G. Standish ...
Chapter 4 - Version A
... 17. During DNA replication, one of the new strands of DNA is synthesized continuously, while the other is synthesized as a number of separate fragments of DNA that are subsequently linked by DNA ligase. This is because a. replication starts at many points on the chromosome b. RNA primers only anneal ...
... 17. During DNA replication, one of the new strands of DNA is synthesized continuously, while the other is synthesized as a number of separate fragments of DNA that are subsequently linked by DNA ligase. This is because a. replication starts at many points on the chromosome b. RNA primers only anneal ...
Chapter 4 - Version B
... 11. During DNA replication, the function of RNA primers is to a. open replication bubbles b. serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation by DNA polymerase I in the 3' - 5' direction c. serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation by DNA polymerase III in prokaryotes d. prevent new-separ ...
... 11. During DNA replication, the function of RNA primers is to a. open replication bubbles b. serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation by DNA polymerase I in the 3' - 5' direction c. serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation by DNA polymerase III in prokaryotes d. prevent new-separ ...
File
... Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a complex molecule found in all living organisms. It is the molecule of which genes and chromosomes are composed. An understanding of the organization of this molecule has ...
... Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a complex molecule found in all living organisms. It is the molecule of which genes and chromosomes are composed. An understanding of the organization of this molecule has ...
Telomere
A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromatid, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Its name is derived from the Greek nouns telos (τέλος) 'end' and merοs (μέρος, root: μερ-) 'part.' For vertebrates, the sequence of nucleotides in telomeres is TTAGGG. This sequence of TTAGGG is repeated approximately 2,500 times in humans. During chromosome replication, the enzymes that duplicate DNA cannot continue their duplication all the way to the end of a chromosome, so in each duplication the end of the chromosome is shortened (this is because the synthesis of Okazaki fragments requires RNA primers attaching ahead on the lagging strand). The telomeres are disposable buffers at the ends of chromosomes which are truncated during cell division; their presence protects the genes before them on the chromosome from being truncated instead.Over time, due to each cell division, the telomere ends become shorter. They are replenished by an enzyme, telomerase reverse transcriptase.