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lecture 7
lecture 7

... 2- BER is initiated by DNA glycosylases, which recognize and remove specific damaged or inappropriate bases, forming AP sites. These are then cleaved by an AP endonuclease. The resulting single-strand break can then be processed by either short-patch (where a single nucleotide is replaced) or long-p ...
DNA and RNA
DNA and RNA

... bacteria’s offspring, the transforming factor might be a gene ...
Cancer results from an accumulation of mutations which
Cancer results from an accumulation of mutations which

... breaks. Cancer cells, however, may have defects in these systems which then allow for them to "escape" this surveillance and cause mutations to accumulate. In our lab, we have studied the levels of a protein called ATM, which is one of the main proteins activated when DNA damage occurs. Activated AT ...
Mighty Miniscule DNA
Mighty Miniscule DNA

... cell contains a nucleus which is filled with the directions for cell function, called DNA. ...
Chapter 7 Reading Quiz
Chapter 7 Reading Quiz

... ...
Genetics Basics
Genetics Basics

... 4. nitrogen bases _____ ...
DNA Replication Activity 1. Use the base pairing rules to create a
DNA Replication Activity 1. Use the base pairing rules to create a

... ...
Exercise
Exercise

... Google ‘DNA Subway’ ...
Transcription
Transcription

... • Contains over 3 billion base pairs • One meter long when fully streched • Size of 6 billion genomes, one from each person on earth = 1 meter long human hair ...
gewone vergadering - Bataafsch Genootschap
gewone vergadering - Bataafsch Genootschap

... We are discovering how proteins work together in complex and dynamic assemblies that accomplish the work of living cells. We determine how proteins assemble into functional nanomachinery when and where they are needed. Understanding the details of normal molecular function, how this is disturbed in ...
Tuesday5/10
Tuesday5/10

... Cells can repair many errors; Humans have 130 known DNA repair enzymes! ...
Abstract
Abstract

... suggesting that ATM is required for repairing DSBs arising within or close to heterochromatic DNA regions [Goodarzi et al., Biochem. Soc. Trans. (2009): 37, 569-576]. In order to study the impact of chromatin compaction on chromosomal instability in AT cells, the response to Trichostatin A (TSA), a ...
What is DNA
What is DNA

... backbone joins them together ...
DOC
DOC

... 7. How do E. coli distinguish between parental and newly replicated strands when performing DNA mismatch repair? For instance, if a T was wrongly paired with a G, how does the cell know which base to replace? ...
PARP inhibitors for cancer therapy Nicola Curtin Newcastle
PARP inhibitors for cancer therapy Nicola Curtin Newcastle

... PARPi increase the persistence of DNA single and double strand breaks and enhance the cytotoxicity and antitumour activity of DNA methylating agents, topoisomerase I poisons and ionising radiation. However, it was the discovery that PARPi selectively killed cells and tumour xenografts defective in h ...
Genome instability is a salient feature of carcinogenesis. In
Genome instability is a salient feature of carcinogenesis. In

... Multiple Ubiquitin ligases, such as BRCA1, RNF8, RNF168, TRIP12 and the Fanconi core complex have emerged as key regulators of the DNA damage response and their mutations result in hereditary diseases and cancer formation. There is much less known about which deubiquitylases (Dubs) are involved in D ...
A proto-filament superfamily evolutionally linking centrosomal
A proto-filament superfamily evolutionally linking centrosomal

... the cartwheel structure and microtubule triples of centrosomes. A mutation in SAS6 gene causes microcephaly indicating that the protein is important for normal human development. XRCC4, XLF and PAXX work in a major DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). XRCC ...
< 1 ... 128 129 130 131 132

DNA repair protein XRCC4

DNA repair protein XRCC4 also known as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 or XRCC4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XRCC4 gene. In addition to humans, the XRCC4 protein is also expressed in many other metazoans, fungi and in plants. The X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 is one of several core proteins involved in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway to repair DNA double strand breaks (DSBs).NHEJ requires two main components to achieve successful completion. The first component is the cooperative binding and phosphorylation of artemis by the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs). Artemis cleaves the ends of damaged DNA to prepare it for ligation. The second component involves the bridging of DNA to DNA Ligase IV (LigIV), by XRCC4, with the aid of Cernunos-XLF. DNA-PKcs and XRCC4 are anchored to Ku70 / Ku80 heterodimer, which are bound to the DNA ends.Since XRCC4 is the key protein that enables interaction of LigIV to damaged DNA and therefore ligation of the ends, mutations in the XRCC4 gene were found to cause embryonic lethality in mice and developmental inhibition and immunodeficiency in humans. Furthermore, certain mutations in the XRCC4 gene are associated with an increased risk of cancer.
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