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Flip Book notes and instructions
Flip Book notes and instructions

... – More Demands on DNA When cell increases in size it does not make extra copies of DNA  If cell grew without limits “information crisis” would occur. – Exchanging Materials Food, oxygen, & water have to enter the cell through the cell membrane  Waste products have to leave  The rate at which th ...
DNA for Honors Course
DNA for Honors Course

... and  one  of  four  bases:  adenine,  thymine,   guanine,  and  cytosine.   –  The  concentra-on  of  adenine  always  equaled   thymine   –  The  concentra-on  of  guanine  always  equaled   cytosine   ...
DNA and RNA
DNA and RNA

Ch 11 homework
Ch 11 homework

... synthesized complimentary single stranded DNA from the mRNA transcript. This new strand is called cDNA. The mRNA is then digested and polymerases create a complimentary strand of the DNA resulting in double stranded DNA. ...
DNA and RNA ppt
DNA and RNA ppt

...  The two strands are said to be complimentary  That means that if you have ...
DNA Structure and Replication
DNA Structure and Replication

... DNA chains can be very long ! E. coli chromosome: 4.6x106 base pairs: 4.6x 106 x .34 nm = 1.5x106 nm = 1.5 mm ! Human DNA: 6x10-12 g/cell x 1/660 mol bp/g x 6.023x1023 bp/mol bp x 0.34x10-9 m/bp = 1.9 m ! Bacterial, viral DNA “chromosomes” are circles ! DNA in human chromosomes (and DNA of all euka ...
BioSc 231 Exam 5 2008
BioSc 231 Exam 5 2008

... (2 pt) Oligonucleotide probes used in hybridization experiments such as Southern blots or for screening gene libraries are typically at least 20 nucleotides in length. Briefly explain the reason why they need to be so long. ...
Chalkboard Challenge
Chalkboard Challenge

DNA
DNA

... Para-aminobenzoic acid has recently been recognized as a factor required for the growth of a number of micro6rganisms' and as a member of the vitamin B group.2 One of the number of x-ray induced mutants of Neurospora crassa, obtained as described elsewhere,' is characterized by the loss of ability t ...
a@%,,$, 03%
a@%,,$, 03%

... (B) restriction endonuclease: glues the two strands of DNA back together after replication (C) DNA ligase: cuts plasmid DNA in bacterial cells into one gene units (D) Palindromase: matches the nucleotide sequences of one strand of DNA to another (E) DNAase: repairs the hydrogen bonds that holds base ...
DNA Structure and Lab
DNA Structure and Lab

... DNA Structure and Lab ...
3 – DNA Replication
3 – DNA Replication

... New Strands of DNA are made by: In this way, the genetic code is completely preserved and copied exactly __________________________________________ Helicase works in both directions to unwind DNA. Replication Bubbles Accessing the DNA Topoisomerase works ahead of helicase to cleave and unwind the st ...
Molecluar Genetics Key
Molecluar Genetics Key

... She isolated the agent behind the transforming principle. She made important discoveries about the properties of nucleic acids. She photographed DNA using X-rays. She produced a structural model of DNA. ...
Double Strand Breaks Can Initiate Gene Silencing
Double Strand Breaks Can Initiate Gene Silencing

... 1) SIRT1 - protein/histone deacetylase that can be part of a PcG complex 2) EZH2 - HMT responsible for repressive histone marks, also in PcG complex 3) DNMT1 - involved in maintaining DNA methylation 4) DNMT3B - involved in de novo DNA methylation ...
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DNA-ppt
DNA-ppt

... • All of the work of DNA replication is done by enzymes!! • The main enzyme is called DNA polymerase ...
Emerging Concepts in the Workup of Colorectal Cancer
Emerging Concepts in the Workup of Colorectal Cancer

Clike here - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites
Clike here - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites

... The restriction-fragment length experiment we looked at before could use PCR instead of a radioactive probe. If we amplify large quantities of the region of interest from a small amount of genomic DNA, and then do the restriction digest, the fragments we are interested in will be the only ones on t ...
PowerPoint Presentation - No Slide Title
PowerPoint Presentation - No Slide Title

... The restriction-fragment length experiment we looked at before could use PCR instead of a radioactive probe. If we amplify large quantities of the region of interest from a small amount of genomic DNA, and then do the restriction digest, the fragments we are interested in will be the only ones on t ...
DNA
DNA

... Cytosine and Thymine are pyrimidines Pyrimidines have a one-ring structure ...
SBI4U MG Restriction Enzymes
SBI4U MG Restriction Enzymes

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Name Biology-______ Date ______ DNA Marshmallow Lab Intro
Name Biology-______ Date ______ DNA Marshmallow Lab Intro

... double helix. The sides of the DNA ladder are called the backbone and the steps of the ladder are pairs of small chemicals called bases. There are four types of chemical bases in DNA: Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T). They form pairs in very specific ways: A always pairs with ...
Ch. 13-Genetic Engineering-Section 3
Ch. 13-Genetic Engineering-Section 3

... The manipulation of DNA allows scientists to do some interesting things. Scientists have developed many transgenic organisms, which are organisms that contain genes from other organisms. Recently, scientists have removed a gene for green fluorescent protein from a jellyfish and tried to insert it in ...
DNA Replication and Repair
DNA Replication and Repair

... lagging strand to allow the forming of pieces of synthesized DNA called Okazaki Fragments (after Reija Okazaki who discovered them) DNA polymerase I or Rnase H removes the RNA primers (from both the strands) and replaces them with the appropriate nucleotides. DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments t ...
Punnett Practice and Notes
Punnett Practice and Notes

...  These characteristics are called traits. Traits depend on the types of proteins that the 4 bases (A,C,G,T) make up. Parents pass on copies of their DNA to their offspring.  The DNA from each parent combines to form the DNA of the offspring.  How the offspring develops depends on the instructions ...
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DNA repair



DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.
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