Bio 6B Lecture Slides - D
... What is the molecular basis of inheritance? • OK, maybe for viruses and bacteria. But what about in “higher” organisms? • 1947—Erwin Chargaff analyzed the base composition of DNA [%A / %T / %C / %G] from a number of different organisms, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. – Reported that the DNA com ...
... What is the molecular basis of inheritance? • OK, maybe for viruses and bacteria. But what about in “higher” organisms? • 1947—Erwin Chargaff analyzed the base composition of DNA [%A / %T / %C / %G] from a number of different organisms, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. – Reported that the DNA com ...
File
... 6) The other strand (the 3’ 5’) is called the LAGGING strand. DNA can only be read in the 5’ 3’ direction, so the lagging strand cannot start immediately – it has to wait until a section of DNA has been separated. Thus, a new primer is added by RNA primase allowing the exposed section of DNA to ...
... 6) The other strand (the 3’ 5’) is called the LAGGING strand. DNA can only be read in the 5’ 3’ direction, so the lagging strand cannot start immediately – it has to wait until a section of DNA has been separated. Thus, a new primer is added by RNA primase allowing the exposed section of DNA to ...
DNA: The Genetic Material
... • Specialized structures found on the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes • Protect ends of chromosomes from nucleases and maintain the integrity of linear chromosomes • Gradual shortening of chromosomes with each round of cell division – Unable to replicate last section of lagging strand ...
... • Specialized structures found on the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes • Protect ends of chromosomes from nucleases and maintain the integrity of linear chromosomes • Gradual shortening of chromosomes with each round of cell division – Unable to replicate last section of lagging strand ...
TGT QUESTIONS
... 25. Proteins are made of what? 26. Where do we get our amino acids from? 27. What contains the instructions for making proteins? 28. Proteins are made where and by what organelle? 29. mRNA is responsible for what? 30. tRNA is responsible for what? 31. Where is DNA found? 32. If a section of DNA has ...
... 25. Proteins are made of what? 26. Where do we get our amino acids from? 27. What contains the instructions for making proteins? 28. Proteins are made where and by what organelle? 29. mRNA is responsible for what? 30. tRNA is responsible for what? 31. Where is DNA found? 32. If a section of DNA has ...
DNA Replication
... • The new error rate for DNA that has been proofread is 1 in 1 billion base pairing errors ...
... • The new error rate for DNA that has been proofread is 1 in 1 billion base pairing errors ...
No Slide Title
... (1) chemically, purines are more similar to one another than they are to pyrmidines, and vice versa (2) genetically, amino acid substitution is less likely with transitions because of the degeneracy of the genetic code (a) 3rd position transitions often code same amino acid i) UUU and UUG both code ...
... (1) chemically, purines are more similar to one another than they are to pyrmidines, and vice versa (2) genetically, amino acid substitution is less likely with transitions because of the degeneracy of the genetic code (a) 3rd position transitions often code same amino acid i) UUU and UUG both code ...
AP BIO Unit 6 - DNA History
... ladder are nitrogenous bases connected by hydrogen bonds AP Biology ...
... ladder are nitrogenous bases connected by hydrogen bonds AP Biology ...
Reproduction DNA
... Just 46 strands of DNA? DNA is the _________________________________________________________________________ Your body makes about 35,000 different proteins Why do we only have 46 strands of DNA and not 35,000? One chromosome or one strand of DNA has the instructions to make hundreds to thous ...
... Just 46 strands of DNA? DNA is the _________________________________________________________________________ Your body makes about 35,000 different proteins Why do we only have 46 strands of DNA and not 35,000? One chromosome or one strand of DNA has the instructions to make hundreds to thous ...
Lecture Notes with Key Figures PowerPoint® Presentation for
... Section 11.3 • As replication fork moves, only 1 strand can serve as template for continuous DNA synthesis—the leading strand. • Opposite lagging strand undergoes discontinuous DNA synthesis. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Section 11.3 • As replication fork moves, only 1 strand can serve as template for continuous DNA synthesis—the leading strand. • Opposite lagging strand undergoes discontinuous DNA synthesis. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
12.1 Identifying the Substance of Genes
... reconstruct the other half by the mechanism of base pairing. Because each strand can be used to make the other strand, the strands are said to be complementary. DNA copies itself through the process of replication: ▶ The two strands of the double helix unzip, forming replication forks. ▶ New bases a ...
... reconstruct the other half by the mechanism of base pairing. Because each strand can be used to make the other strand, the strands are said to be complementary. DNA copies itself through the process of replication: ▶ The two strands of the double helix unzip, forming replication forks. ▶ New bases a ...
Components of RNA and DNA RNA Is More Labile Than DNA
... Enzymes catalysing the synthesis of DNA: DNA polymerases. DNA polymerases have some general properties q DNA molecules are extended at the 3’-end. DNA is synthesised in the 5’ to 3’ direction ...
... Enzymes catalysing the synthesis of DNA: DNA polymerases. DNA polymerases have some general properties q DNA molecules are extended at the 3’-end. DNA is synthesised in the 5’ to 3’ direction ...
Name_______________ Pre-Assessment
... Below is a description of steps to the second stage of protein synthesis called translation. However, the steps of translation are out of order. Match each step with the part of the translation it represents. Record the corresponding letter for that step next to its corresponding part in translation ...
... Below is a description of steps to the second stage of protein synthesis called translation. However, the steps of translation are out of order. Match each step with the part of the translation it represents. Record the corresponding letter for that step next to its corresponding part in translation ...
Ch 16
... each strand acts as a template for building a new strand in replication • In DNA replication, the parent molecule unwinds, and 2 new daughter strands are built based on base-pairing rules ...
... each strand acts as a template for building a new strand in replication • In DNA replication, the parent molecule unwinds, and 2 new daughter strands are built based on base-pairing rules ...
DNA - apbiologynmsi
... million base pairs in its single chromosome and divide to form two identical daughter cells. • A human cell can copy its 6 billion base pairs and divide into daughter cells in only a few hours. • This process is remarkably accurate, with only one error per billion nucleotides. • More than a dozen en ...
... million base pairs in its single chromosome and divide to form two identical daughter cells. • A human cell can copy its 6 billion base pairs and divide into daughter cells in only a few hours. • This process is remarkably accurate, with only one error per billion nucleotides. • More than a dozen en ...
replication v 2015_21
... – After the helix has opened it is prevented from reannealing by the action of these proteins – These proteins stabilize single stranded DNA - Single-strand-binding proteins help to stabilize the unwound strands. – Topoisomerase II relieves strain on the double helix that is generated from unwinding ...
... – After the helix has opened it is prevented from reannealing by the action of these proteins – These proteins stabilize single stranded DNA - Single-strand-binding proteins help to stabilize the unwound strands. – Topoisomerase II relieves strain on the double helix that is generated from unwinding ...
Preparation of insolubilized-DNA film with three
... Next, we examined the mechanism of the DNA polymerization. Poly(dA)-poly(dT) and poly(dG)poly(dC) were treated with the UV irradiation, and analyzed the increasing of the molecular weights by the agalose and acryiamide gels for electrophoresis. When UV irradiation was demonstrated to poly(dA)poly(dT ...
... Next, we examined the mechanism of the DNA polymerization. Poly(dA)-poly(dT) and poly(dG)poly(dC) were treated with the UV irradiation, and analyzed the increasing of the molecular weights by the agalose and acryiamide gels for electrophoresis. When UV irradiation was demonstrated to poly(dA)poly(dT ...
using your hand, show me thymine using your
... If we were reviewing proteins, the monomer units would be: ...
... If we were reviewing proteins, the monomer units would be: ...
Replication origin plasticity, Taylor-made: inhibition vs
... with a combination of CldU and HU. In this way, replication forks that were active before replication stress (HU) are tagged with IdU, the degree of extension of those forks in the presence of HU is revealed by consecutive IdU/ CldU tracks, and any newly fired origins generate tracks labeled exclusi ...
... with a combination of CldU and HU. In this way, replication forks that were active before replication stress (HU) are tagged with IdU, the degree of extension of those forks in the presence of HU is revealed by consecutive IdU/ CldU tracks, and any newly fired origins generate tracks labeled exclusi ...
Student Activity PDF - TI Education
... The “instructions” for the structure and function of all living things are contained in their DNA. All organisms rely on the same basic genetic code, using the same 4 building blocks (nucleotides) to make organisms ranging in complexity from yeast to you. A single deoxyribonucleic acid molecule, or ...
... The “instructions” for the structure and function of all living things are contained in their DNA. All organisms rely on the same basic genetic code, using the same 4 building blocks (nucleotides) to make organisms ranging in complexity from yeast to you. A single deoxyribonucleic acid molecule, or ...
document
... • The MutS-MutL complex activates MutH, which locates a nearby methyl group and nicks the newly synthesized strand opposite the methyl group. • A helicase (UvrD) unwinds from the nick in the direction of the mismatch, and a singlestrand specific exonuclease cuts the unwound DNA • the gap is filled i ...
... • The MutS-MutL complex activates MutH, which locates a nearby methyl group and nicks the newly synthesized strand opposite the methyl group. • A helicase (UvrD) unwinds from the nick in the direction of the mismatch, and a singlestrand specific exonuclease cuts the unwound DNA • the gap is filled i ...
Reading 1
... about each other. At first, however, there were two problems with the model. First, what kinds of forces might hold the two strands together? Second, how could one solve the problems posed by the sizesof the nitrogenous bases?Two of the bases, adenine and guanine, belong to a chemical group known as ...
... about each other. At first, however, there were two problems with the model. First, what kinds of forces might hold the two strands together? Second, how could one solve the problems posed by the sizesof the nitrogenous bases?Two of the bases, adenine and guanine, belong to a chemical group known as ...
CHAPTER 16 THE MOLECULE BASIS OF INHERITANCE
... Returning to the original problem at the replication fork, the leading strand requires the formation of only a single primer as the replication fork continues to separate. ...
... Returning to the original problem at the replication fork, the leading strand requires the formation of only a single primer as the replication fork continues to separate. ...
Eukaryotic DNA replication
Eukaryotic DNA replication is a conserved mechanism that restricts DNA replication to only once per cell cycle. Eukaryotic DNA replication of chromosomal DNA is central for the duplication of a cell and is necessary for the maintenance of the eukaryotic genome.DNA replication is the action of DNA polymerases synthesizing a DNA strand complementary to the original template strand. To synthesize DNA, the double-stranded DNA is unwound by DNA helicases ahead of polymerases, forming a replication fork containing two single-stranded templates. Replication processes permit the copying of a single DNA double helix into two DNA helices, which are divided into the daughter cells at mitosis. The major enzymatic functions carried out at the replication fork are well conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, but the replication machinery in eukaryotic DNA replication is a much larger complex, coordinating many proteins at the site of replication, forming the replisome.The replisome is responsible for copying the entirety of genomic DNA in each proliferative cell. This process allows for the high-fidelity passage of hereditary/genetic information from parental cell to daughter cell and is thus essential to all organisms. Much of the cell cycle is built around ensuring that DNA replication occurs without errors.In G1 phase of the cell cycle, many of the DNA replication regulatory processes are initiated. In eukaryotes, the vast majority of DNA synthesis occurs during S phase of the cell cycle, and the entire genome must be unwound and duplicated to form two daughter copies. During G2, any damaged DNA or replication errors are corrected. Finally, one copy of the genomes is segregated to each daughter cell at mitosis or M phase. These daughter copies each contain one strand from the parental duplex DNA and one nascent antiparallel strand.This mechanism is conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes and is known as semiconservative DNA replication. The process of semiconservative replication for the site of DNA replication is a fork-like DNA structure, the replication fork, where the DNA helix is open, or unwound, exposing unpaired DNA nucleotides for recognition and base pairing for the incorporationof free nucleotides into double-stranded DNA.