Chapter 5 : Electrons in Atoms
... The principal quantum number (n) describes the size of the orbital. Orbitals for which n = 2 are larger than those for which n = 1, for example. Because they have opposite electrical charges, electrons are attracted to the nucleus of the atom. Energy must therefore be absorbed to excite an electron ...
... The principal quantum number (n) describes the size of the orbital. Orbitals for which n = 2 are larger than those for which n = 1, for example. Because they have opposite electrical charges, electrons are attracted to the nucleus of the atom. Energy must therefore be absorbed to excite an electron ...
Solution to Exercise 2.1-1 Free Electron Gas with Constant Boundary Conditions
... given here we have ψ (x = 0) = ψ (x = L) = 0 Obviously this condition can be satisfied by n·π k = l n = 1, 2, 3, ... The number of states Z(k) up to a wave vector k is generally given by Volume of sphere with radius E(k) Z(k) = Volume of state For fixed boundary conditions we have 4/3 (π · k)3 ...
... given here we have ψ (x = 0) = ψ (x = L) = 0 Obviously this condition can be satisfied by n·π k = l n = 1, 2, 3, ... The number of states Z(k) up to a wave vector k is generally given by Volume of sphere with radius E(k) Z(k) = Volume of state For fixed boundary conditions we have 4/3 (π · k)3 ...
Chap. 7 - Quantum Chemistry
... orbiting a nucleus would lose energy & eventually collapse into the nucleus. In Bohr’s model, an electron can travel around a nucleus without radiating energy. Furthermore, an electron in a given orbit has a certain definite amount of energy. The only way an electron can lose energy is by dropping f ...
... orbiting a nucleus would lose energy & eventually collapse into the nucleus. In Bohr’s model, an electron can travel around a nucleus without radiating energy. Furthermore, an electron in a given orbit has a certain definite amount of energy. The only way an electron can lose energy is by dropping f ...
Atomic Structure
... Orbitals The Schrödinger equation is used to describe the space in which it is likely to find an electron with a specific energy. The equation provides us with a probability distribution, or an electron density map. It is important to remember that the resulting shape does not give us any informati ...
... Orbitals The Schrödinger equation is used to describe the space in which it is likely to find an electron with a specific energy. The equation provides us with a probability distribution, or an electron density map. It is important to remember that the resulting shape does not give us any informati ...
ppt
... II. Squeezed states and optical interferometry III. Ramsey interferometry and cat states IV. Quantum information perspective V. Beyond the Heisenberg limit ...
... II. Squeezed states and optical interferometry III. Ramsey interferometry and cat states IV. Quantum information perspective V. Beyond the Heisenberg limit ...
introductory quantum theory
... The experiments described above might leave one with the impression that after all light is just made of particles called photons. However this can not be the case. To illustrate this we consider another famous class of experiments where light is diffracted. In particular consider the double slit ex ...
... The experiments described above might leave one with the impression that after all light is just made of particles called photons. However this can not be the case. To illustrate this we consider another famous class of experiments where light is diffracted. In particular consider the double slit ex ...
Particle in a box
In quantum mechanics, the particle in a box model (also known as the infinite potential well or the infinite square well) describes a particle free to move in a small space surrounded by impenetrable barriers. The model is mainly used as a hypothetical example to illustrate the differences between classical and quantum systems. In classical systems, for example a ball trapped inside a large box, the particle can move at any speed within the box and it is no more likely to be found at one position than another. However, when the well becomes very narrow (on the scale of a few nanometers), quantum effects become important. The particle may only occupy certain positive energy levels. Likewise, it can never have zero energy, meaning that the particle can never ""sit still"". Additionally, it is more likely to be found at certain positions than at others, depending on its energy level. The particle may never be detected at certain positions, known as spatial nodes.The particle in a box model provides one of the very few problems in quantum mechanics which can be solved analytically, without approximations. This means that the observable properties of the particle (such as its energy and position) are related to the mass of the particle and the width of the well by simple mathematical expressions. Due to its simplicity, the model allows insight into quantum effects without the need for complicated mathematics. It is one of the first quantum mechanics problems taught in undergraduate physics courses, and it is commonly used as an approximation for more complicated quantum systems.