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A Conceptual Evaluation of Traditional and Multi-Level Marketing
A Conceptual Evaluation of Traditional and Multi-Level Marketing

... A conceptual evaluation of traditional and multi-level marketing Farooq Hossan, Issa Ahammad* and Laboni Ferdous* Abstract: In this paper we have put our best effort to show the conceptual evaluation of traditional and multi-level marketing, how multi-level marketing works and differences between t ...
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... understandably produces data precision vastly superior to classical test markets. Statistical sales variance in these tests »;a.s' found to be only 25 to 30% of the variance produced bi/ traditional measures, based on comparisons of controlled and uncontrolled brands in three product classes—moist d ...
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... Information search: Marketing managers need to know where consumers look for information to help solve their decision making. Communication can then be directed to consumers through those sources. Evaluation of alternatives: For decisions where the consumer is highly involved, marketing managers nee ...
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Viral marketing

Viral marketing, viral advertising, or marketing buzz are buzzwords referring to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networking services and other technologies to try to produce increases in brand awareness or to achieve other marketing objectives (such as product sales) through self-replicating viral processes, analogous to the spread of viruses or computer viruses (cf. Internet memes and memetics). It can be delivered by word of mouth or enhanced by the network effects of the Internet and mobile networks. Viral advertising is personal and, while coming from an identified sponsor, it does not mean businesses pay for its distribution. Most of the well-known viral ads circulating online are ads paid by a sponsor company, launched either on their own platform (company webpage or social media profile) or on social media websites such as YouTube. Consumers receive the page link from a social media network or copy the entire ad from a website and pass it along through e-mail or posting it on a blog, webpage or social media profile. Viral marketing may take the form of video clips, interactive Flash games, advergames, ebooks, brandable software, images, text messages, email messages, or web pages. The most commonly utilized transmission vehicles for viral messages include: pass-along based, incentive based, trendy based, and undercover based. However, the creative nature of viral marketing enables an ""endless amount of potential forms and vehicles the messages can utilize for transmission"", including mobile devices.The ultimate goal of marketers interested in creating successful viral marketing programs is to create viral messages that appeal to individuals with high social networking potential (SNP) and that have a high probability of being presented and spread by these individuals and their competitors in their communications with others in a short period of time.The term ""VRL marketing"" has also been used pejoratively to refer to stealth marketing campaigns—marketing strategies that advertise a product to people without them knowing they are being marketed to.
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