Option D past paper questions 1. Aspirin, paracetamol
... (i) One method of injecting drugs into the body results in the drug having a very rapid effect. State the method and explain its rapid action. [2] (ii) List the two other methods which can be used to inject drugs into the body. ...
... (i) One method of injecting drugs into the body results in the drug having a very rapid effect. State the method and explain its rapid action. [2] (ii) List the two other methods which can be used to inject drugs into the body. ...
Untitled - Directions ACT
... Alcohol is a colourless, odourless liquid produced by the process of fermentation. The colours and flavours of alcoholic drinks varies according to the ingredients used in the fermentation process and other additives. Alcohol is the most commonly used drug in Australia and is legally used by people ...
... Alcohol is a colourless, odourless liquid produced by the process of fermentation. The colours and flavours of alcoholic drinks varies according to the ingredients used in the fermentation process and other additives. Alcohol is the most commonly used drug in Australia and is legally used by people ...
Bioavailability
... ascribed to pharmacology, but now has broad applications in environmental sciences as well. Examining a substance’s bioavailability in pharmacological studies helps to determine dosages of particular medications. A bioavailability measurement of a medication, when it reaches circulation in the body, ...
... ascribed to pharmacology, but now has broad applications in environmental sciences as well. Examining a substance’s bioavailability in pharmacological studies helps to determine dosages of particular medications. A bioavailability measurement of a medication, when it reaches circulation in the body, ...
Adrenergic and anti-adrenergic drugs
... endings or prevent reuptake of norepinephrine. ´ Examples include cocaine and TCAs ...
... endings or prevent reuptake of norepinephrine. ´ Examples include cocaine and TCAs ...
pharm 24 [4-20
... High doses stimulate alpha-1 receptors [work your way up] DA is now only really used high dosage for its α1 stim (for sepsis/anaphylaxis), being supplanted by dobutamine in cardiac cases 10. How does dobutamine improve upon DA? less likely to cause arrhythmias Dobutamine only stimulates β1 a ...
... High doses stimulate alpha-1 receptors [work your way up] DA is now only really used high dosage for its α1 stim (for sepsis/anaphylaxis), being supplanted by dobutamine in cardiac cases 10. How does dobutamine improve upon DA? less likely to cause arrhythmias Dobutamine only stimulates β1 a ...
Read more. - Griffin Discoveries
... Platform and Products The unique drug development platform consists of medicinal chemistry and molecular pharmacology tools that allow histamine receptors to be studied at an unprecedented level of details. No other company has these capabilities. 30% of all marketed drugs target GPCRs while his ...
... Platform and Products The unique drug development platform consists of medicinal chemistry and molecular pharmacology tools that allow histamine receptors to be studied at an unprecedented level of details. No other company has these capabilities. 30% of all marketed drugs target GPCRs while his ...
The Risks - Migesplus
... restlessness and disturbed sleep, to hallucinations, anxiety and seizures). To avoid this, it is recommended that use should always be stopped slowly by gradually reducing the dose. Coming off medicine containing benzodiazepine must always be under medical supervision. The doctor’s prescribed instru ...
... restlessness and disturbed sleep, to hallucinations, anxiety and seizures). To avoid this, it is recommended that use should always be stopped slowly by gradually reducing the dose. Coming off medicine containing benzodiazepine must always be under medical supervision. The doctor’s prescribed instru ...
Document
... -Extensive metabolizers; or -poor metabolizers no pain relief from codeine prodrug for morphine catalyzed by CYP2D6 4-hydroxylase Other genetic variations- 1:3000 occurrence atypical cholinesterasewill not metabolize topical anasthetic succinycholine these individuals may stay “frozen” for days or w ...
... -Extensive metabolizers; or -poor metabolizers no pain relief from codeine prodrug for morphine catalyzed by CYP2D6 4-hydroxylase Other genetic variations- 1:3000 occurrence atypical cholinesterasewill not metabolize topical anasthetic succinycholine these individuals may stay “frozen” for days or w ...
Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry-3
... Course module description: The first part of the subject deals with drugs used in cancer with main emphasis on alkylating agents, platinum based drugs, antimetabolites, antibiotics, mitotic inhibitors and combination therapy. The second part of the course will concentrate on studying diuretics and r ...
... Course module description: The first part of the subject deals with drugs used in cancer with main emphasis on alkylating agents, platinum based drugs, antimetabolites, antibiotics, mitotic inhibitors and combination therapy. The second part of the course will concentrate on studying diuretics and r ...
Slide 1
... multiplication of bacteria are good example. They are very similar in structure to para- ...
... multiplication of bacteria are good example. They are very similar in structure to para- ...
Antiepileptic Medication: Topamax (topiramate)
... How does it work? Topamax is a potent antiepileptic drug that works in multiple ways to prevent seizures. 1) It helps to block sodium channels. 2) It decreases the amount of excitatory chemicals in the brain 3) It increases the amount of inhibitory chemicals in the brain. ...
... How does it work? Topamax is a potent antiepileptic drug that works in multiple ways to prevent seizures. 1) It helps to block sodium channels. 2) It decreases the amount of excitatory chemicals in the brain 3) It increases the amount of inhibitory chemicals in the brain. ...
Alzheimer’s Disease - Academic Program Pages at Evergreen
... There is a 60% loss of norepinephrine neurons in aged primates and humans, and this loss is significantly increased in Alzheimer’s disease. Some seratonin agonists are important in cognitive ...
... There is a 60% loss of norepinephrine neurons in aged primates and humans, and this loss is significantly increased in Alzheimer’s disease. Some seratonin agonists are important in cognitive ...
Summary overview: Gi and Gs G-protein coupled receptors - Di-Et-Tri
... - β2 – adrenergic agonists relax smooth muscle - Short acting (salbutamol, terbutaline) or long acting (salmeterol, formoterol etc.) - Usually given as local formulation - Use depends on type of asthma, often combined with glucocorticoids - Sometimes: Muscarinic receptor antagonist (ipratropium) - N ...
... - β2 – adrenergic agonists relax smooth muscle - Short acting (salbutamol, terbutaline) or long acting (salmeterol, formoterol etc.) - Usually given as local formulation - Use depends on type of asthma, often combined with glucocorticoids - Sometimes: Muscarinic receptor antagonist (ipratropium) - N ...
Drugs for Neurodegenerative Diseases
... in the striatum and is converted to dopamine by levoaromatic amino acid decarboxylase (LAAD) (dopamine as such cannot be used since it does not enter the brain). • Levodopa itself is largely inert. Its effects depend on the increased synthesis of dopamine in the brain and are mostly related to activ ...
... in the striatum and is converted to dopamine by levoaromatic amino acid decarboxylase (LAAD) (dopamine as such cannot be used since it does not enter the brain). • Levodopa itself is largely inert. Its effects depend on the increased synthesis of dopamine in the brain and are mostly related to activ ...
Neuro LABS
... Oligoclonal proteins (or bands)- shows discrete bands on electrophoresis. – Perform on CSF and serum – MS will show +CSF, neg serum ...
... Oligoclonal proteins (or bands)- shows discrete bands on electrophoresis. – Perform on CSF and serum – MS will show +CSF, neg serum ...
Drug Addiction and Reward
... antagonists, as well as other similar manipulations have no effect on rats judgements of hedonic properties of taste stimuli1 (for reviews, see Berridge ). • Many studies show that dopamine and accumbens neurons often become most active in anticipation of rewards, not during the reward phase ...
... antagonists, as well as other similar manipulations have no effect on rats judgements of hedonic properties of taste stimuli1 (for reviews, see Berridge ). • Many studies show that dopamine and accumbens neurons often become most active in anticipation of rewards, not during the reward phase ...
Special considerations for age groups
... of converting adult dose to a safe pediatric dose. • Three steps to calculation: – Determine child’s wt in kg – Calculate BSA in sq mtrs (m2) – Calculate pediatric dosage using a formula: • BSA in m2/1.7 X adult dose = child’s dose ...
... of converting adult dose to a safe pediatric dose. • Three steps to calculation: – Determine child’s wt in kg – Calculate BSA in sq mtrs (m2) – Calculate pediatric dosage using a formula: • BSA in m2/1.7 X adult dose = child’s dose ...
Psychopharmacology MS4 - 8th April 2016
... • The exact mechanism of SSRIs is unknown. • SSRIs are believed to increase the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by limiting its reabsorption into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin in the synaptic cleft available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor. • They ...
... • The exact mechanism of SSRIs is unknown. • SSRIs are believed to increase the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by limiting its reabsorption into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin in the synaptic cleft available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor. • They ...
Lexapro Information
... (placebo vs. continued escitalopram). Relapse definition MADRS> or = 22. SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY: Few patients discontinue treatment due to side effects; even fewer than with Celexa therapy. Most common side effects seen are nausea (most common reported), insomnia, ejaculatory disturbance, increased ...
... (placebo vs. continued escitalopram). Relapse definition MADRS> or = 22. SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY: Few patients discontinue treatment due to side effects; even fewer than with Celexa therapy. Most common side effects seen are nausea (most common reported), insomnia, ejaculatory disturbance, increased ...
INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY
... the drug may be produced by different pharmaceutical companies under new product (trade) names but at the basis of original active substance (similar quantity, route of administration etc.) ...
... the drug may be produced by different pharmaceutical companies under new product (trade) names but at the basis of original active substance (similar quantity, route of administration etc.) ...
THE SAFETY PHARMACOTHERAPY DURING PREGNANCY
... controlled studies in pregnant women or animal-reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect (other than a decrease in fertility) that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in the first trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters). Example: penicillins C- Either ...
... controlled studies in pregnant women or animal-reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect (other than a decrease in fertility) that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in the first trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters). Example: penicillins C- Either ...
HST-150/151 Mid
... No, because reduction of plasma LDL with statins depends upon an intact feedback mechanism in the hepatocyte: Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis decreases intracellular cholesterol; this upregulates LDL-receptor synthesis, which takes up LDL from plasma and establishes a lower steady-state. This ca ...
... No, because reduction of plasma LDL with statins depends upon an intact feedback mechanism in the hepatocyte: Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis decreases intracellular cholesterol; this upregulates LDL-receptor synthesis, which takes up LDL from plasma and establishes a lower steady-state. This ca ...
1 hour 05 Minutes
... Q.33 Although prescribed by a careless physician for ulcerative colitis but it is hardly useful; the drug is: a) Prednisone. b) Metho trexate. c) Infliximab. d) Azathioprine. e) Loratadine. Q.34 A 65 year old lady who is a known patient of Parkinsonism is also on anticancer therapy; but to avoid th ...
... Q.33 Although prescribed by a careless physician for ulcerative colitis but it is hardly useful; the drug is: a) Prednisone. b) Metho trexate. c) Infliximab. d) Azathioprine. e) Loratadine. Q.34 A 65 year old lady who is a known patient of Parkinsonism is also on anticancer therapy; but to avoid th ...
Stimulant
Stimulants (also referred to as psychostimulants) are psychoactive drugs that induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical functions or both. Examples of these kinds of effects may include enhanced alertness, wakefulness, and locomotion, among others. Due to their rendering a characteristic ""up"" feeling, stimulants are also occasionally referred to as ""uppers"". Depressants or ""downers"", which decrease mental and/or physical function, are in stark contrast to stimulants and are considered to be their functional opposites. Stimulants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines and without prescription both as legal substances and illicit substances of recreational use or abuse.