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MDMA powder
MDMA powder

... phenethylamine and amphetamine classes of drugs. MDMA has become widely known as "ecstasy" (shortened to "E", "X", or "XTC"), usually referring to its street form, although this term may also include the presence of possible adulterants. The UK term "Mandy" and the US term "Molly" colloquially refer ...
Basic concepts of Pharmacology. Pharmacokinetics of drugs.
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... 3. Interaction of drugs with specific receptors of biologically active substances. A role cyclic AMP, phosphoinositol and others secondary messengers in mechanisms of action of drugs. 4. The brief characteristic of the final pharmacological effects caused by drugs. 5. The characteristic local, refle ...
what`s the
what`s the

... withdrawal and compared with alcohol withdrawal are quite mild. They usually stop after a few days, but sometimes they last up to a few weeks. As with tobacco though, the withdrawal symptoms may lead to taking up cannabis use again to reduce the discomfort. Being dependent on cannabis increases the ...
Clinical and pharmacological evaluation of buprenorphine and
Clinical and pharmacological evaluation of buprenorphine and

... effects and was considered liable to abuse by these subjects. The buprenorphine and naloxone combination was very aversive and not substantially different from naloxone alone. Following the combination dose, opiate agonist effects did eventually emerge but they were always delayed and attenuated whe ...
data sheet
data sheet

... symptoms at every adjustment of dose, then at least every 6 months and at every visit. Tics and worsening of Tourette’s syndrome: Methylphenidate is associated with the onset or exacerbation of motor and verbal tics . Worsening of Tourette’s syndrome has also been reported. It is recommended that th ...
Overview of pleiotropic effects of platelet P2Y12receptor inhibitors
Overview of pleiotropic effects of platelet P2Y12receptor inhibitors

... found in a wide variety of tissues including certain subregions of the brain (11), vascular smooth muscle cells (12, 13), leukocytes (14), macrophages (15), microglial (16) and dendritic cells (17), thus increasing the amount of potential effectors for P2Y12 blockers (1) (▶ Figure 2). Furthermore, t ...
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... patients with estimated creatinine clearance below 30 mL per minute. Patients taking tenofovir prodrugs who have impaired renal function and those taking nephrotoxic agents including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are at increased risk of developing renal-related adverse reactions. It is reco ...
In vivo and in vitro studies on drug metabolism and
In vivo and in vitro studies on drug metabolism and

... triazolam and midazolam were assessed up to 8-10 h. A caffeine test was carried out to examine the possible involvement of CYP1A2 in selegiline metabolism. A human liver microsomal enzyme-assay system was used in the in vitro experiments to examine the potential drug-drug interactions. The CYP isofo ...
Prozac Paper (Second Draft)
Prozac Paper (Second Draft)

... compounds such as the reducing agent B2H6 and the chlorinating agent SOCl2 to yield fluoxetine, there is at least one synthesis that circumvents these hazardous reagents. The synthesis given by Perrine, Sabanayagam, and Reynolds instead uses the less hazardous reagents NaBH4 and KOCMe3. Furthermore, ...
CONVENTIONAL AND NOVEL APPROACHES FOR COLON - e-JST
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... formulation approach has also been found to be effective in minimizing unwanted side-effects13. Absorption of drugs via colonic delivery is desirable for chronotherapy as formulation present in the colon for longer time. Diseases such as asthma, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, arthritis or inflam ...
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Oral Nonprescription Treatment for Insomnia
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... Study Background: Binge drinking is one types of harmful alcohol use that lead to several adverse health effects either to the drinker or to others. Objective: This study aims to identify the prevalence of binge drinking among the current drinker and its sociodemographic determinants. Subsequently p ...
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... For Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in recipients 60 years of age and under: 1. Diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis 2. At least one of the following documented under “Justification” on the Request for Medical Authorization (Form 1144): a) History of gastrointestinal bleed or gastric or duoden ...
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... Effectiveness of Delayed-Release Doxylamine + Pyridoxine for NVP: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial • Significant improvement over placebo – Change in PUQE baseline to day 15 – Global assessment of well-being baseline to day 15 – Day-to-day changes in PUQE & global assessment of well-being ...
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... The real risks of steroids are a matter of debate. In an interview for the video Truth about steroids, John Romano, senior editor of the body-building magazine Muscular Development, asks ‘‘Where are the bodies?” A limited number of case studies have linked sudden cardiac death to illicit AAS use in ...
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NIH Public Access

... patient characteristics. Clinicians have been personalizing care for centuries in response to features such as patient attitudes, age, comorbid conditions and therapies, and educational levels. A modern vision of personalized medicine builds on these principles and incorporates genetic information i ...
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... is not based on RCT evidence, as none of the RCTs that enroll elderly subjects achieve or show benefit with this target. ...
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... and methadone should be titrated to alleviate maternal withdrawal symptoms and cravings for illicit drug use.18–21 However, other studies have shown a higher likelihood of infants requiring pharmacologic treatment for withdrawal with higher doses of methadone, especially when increased or initiated ...
Division of Clinical Pharmacology Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Linköping University
Division of Clinical Pharmacology Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Linköping University

formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets
formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets

... geriatric patients are unwilling to take these solid preparations due to a fear of choking. In order to assist these patients, several mouthdissolving drug delivery systems have been developed. Mouth dissolving tablets can be prepared by various conventional methods like direct compression, wet gran ...
The Psychological and Physical Side Effects of Pain Medications
The Psychological and Physical Side Effects of Pain Medications

... produce multiple symptoms, which may include “loss of libido, infertility, fatigue, depression, anxiety, loss of muscle strength and mass, alteration of gender role, osteoporosis, and compression fractures and, in men, impotence, and, in females, menstrual irregularities, galactorrhea and infertilit ...
EŠects of Sho-saiko-to (Xiao Chai Hu Tang), a Chinese - J
EŠects of Sho-saiko-to (Xiao Chai Hu Tang), a Chinese - J

... function of gastric emptying in rats. The reduced gastric emptying could aŠect gastrointestinal absorption, resulting in the lower plasma concentration of tolbutamide after oral administration. Furthermore, it is suggested that Sho-saiko-to can raise the intragastric pH but aŠect neither the intraga ...
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Polysubstance dependence



A person with polysubstance dependence is psychologically addicted to being in an intoxicated state without a preference for one particular substance. Although any combination of three drugs can be used, studies have shown that alcohol is commonly used with another substance. This is supported by one study on polysubstance use that separated participants who used multiple substances into groups based on their preferred drug. The three substances were cocaine, alcohol, and heroin, which implies that those three are very popular. Other studies have found that opiates, cannabis, amphetamines, hallucinogens, inhalants and benzodiazepines are often used in combination as well. The results of a long-term or longitudinal study on substance use led the researchers to observe that excessively using or relying on one drug increased the probability of excessively using or relying on another drug.
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