• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Potential Nursing Diagnoses
Potential Nursing Diagnoses

... jaundice, abdominal pain, tenderness, excreted by the kidneys; impaired organ distention, or change in color of stool. function can increase serum drug levels.)  Adhere to laboratory testing regimen for blood tests and urinalysis as directed.  Include effects of phenytoin use on lab tests Inform t ...
IN VITRO Research Article SAKTHIVEL M*
IN VITRO Research Article SAKTHIVEL M*

... Oxcarbazepine niosomes were prepared by Thin Film Hydration Technique using Rotary flash Evaporator5. Weighed quantity of cholesterol and surfactant were dissolved in chloroform and methanol mixture (1:1 v/v) taken in a round bottom flask. The flask was rotated in rotary flash evaporator at 100 rpm ...
Clinical Trial Update
Clinical Trial Update

... blocking the production of cortisol - the stress hormone - in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, the areas of the brain most affected by Alzheimer’s disease. There is growing evidence that chronic stress and elevated cortisol levels lead to changes in the brain affecting memory and to the developme ...
What is the primary objective of medicinal chemistry ? Which
What is the primary objective of medicinal chemistry ? Which

... it is strong and produce irreversible longer pharmacological effects. İf ionic bond occur, it is weaker and has reversible shorter pharmacological effects. ...
Extended-Release Injectable Parasiticide 5% Sterile
Extended-Release Injectable Parasiticide 5% Sterile

... The product is likely to cause tissue damage at the site of injection, including possible granulomas and necrosis. These reactions have disappeared without treatment. Local tissue reaction may result in trim loss of edible tissue at slaughter. Observe cattle for injection site reactions. If injectio ...
Ratio and Proportion:
Ratio and Proportion:

... Once you have isolated X, you must divide the other side of the equals side by the same thing – whatever you do to one side of an equation you must do to the other. If you have 14:28 = 2:X 14X = 56 14X = 56 ...
What is a drug - William Ellis School
What is a drug - William Ellis School

... These help people to be more alert, enabling them to think more quickly. Using these drugs helps to overcome tiredness. They are especially useful to offset the effects of lactic acid on ...
D2 Environmental Health Risks Part 1
D2 Environmental Health Risks Part 1

... Ativan IV/IM instead. On top of that a liter of NS and passive cooling if hyperthermic. Ativan has been mixed on the results and Versed seems to work very well with 5mg doses for about 20-30 min. If a patient is cooperative at first I draw up Versed and have the Nasal Atomizer ready until it can be ...
an extension of biopharmaceutics classification system
an extension of biopharmaceutics classification system

... dissolution can be dependent on the amount of drug present at the site of absorption (dose), in addition to the solubility of drug in the dissolution fluid. It was discussed that solubility is a static equilibrium parameter and cannot describe the dynamic character of the dissolution process for the ...
Volume 14, No. 5 May 2016 - Institute for Safe Medication Practices
Volume 14, No. 5 May 2016 - Institute for Safe Medication Practices

... administered instead.The errors occurred in a variety of settings, so it is difficult to associate patterns of error within a specific clinical setting (e.g., clinic vs. hospital). Five of the reports identified the Pfizer Depo-Medrol 80 mg/mL vials, and 2 involved the Pfizer Depo-Provera 150 mg/mL ...
IN SITU FOR LEVOFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE  Research Article  
IN SITU FOR LEVOFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE  Research Article  

... permeability and to prolong the contact time on the ocular surface2.  While  former  is  mainly  achieved  by  the  use  of  prodrugs3,  penetration  enhancers4,  5  and  colloidal  delivery  systems  such  as  nanoparticles6,  7,  8,  liposomes9  and  niosomes10,  latter  relies  on  rheological  a ...
Introduction - Biomolecular Engineering Laboratory
Introduction - Biomolecular Engineering Laboratory

...  The War Production Board appointed A.L. Elder to coordinate the activities of penicillin producers to greatly increase the supply of penicillin in 1943  Commercial production of penicillin by a fermentation ...
Dr. Schaaf - National Academies
Dr. Schaaf - National Academies

... § 6 more index cases (parents) MDR TB § 3 confirmed DR reinfection with RFLP § 2 original cultures MDR missed (wrong Rx) § 10 no response to adherent Rx (5 index cases died, no DST) § 3 INH-R cases completed adherent Rx >1yr before – 2 new contacts (1 died) and 1 with CD4<1% ...
1. Introduction (CI)
1. Introduction (CI)

... intravenous infusion over approximately 30 minutes, on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. 34% inhibition of the hERG channel at 1 μM. Rat, IV, QDx5 for two cycles +10 day recovery between cycle1/2: intestine, thymus, lymph nodes and bone marrow; STD: 10 mg/kg (60 mg/m2); HNSTD: 3 mg/kg (18 mg/m2); ...
File
File

... Drugs can act through: 1. Physical action: Drug can produce a therapeutic response because of it’s physical properties. e.g: Mannitol as diuretic because it increase osmalerity, Radio-isotopes : emit ionizing radiation ...
HYMAN,PHELPS 8 MCNAMARA, P. C.
HYMAN,PHELPS 8 MCNAMARA, P. C.

... FFDCA and a “new drug” as described in $201(p) which may not be legally marketed in the United States without an approved New Drug Application (NDA). In addition, it is misbranded as described in tj502(f)( 1) of the FFDCA because its labeling fails to bear adequate directions for the uses for which ...
Vol 11 #3 - Vancouver Acute Pharmaceutical Sciences
Vol 11 #3 - Vancouver Acute Pharmaceutical Sciences

... degree of blockade may be important in protecting the heart from abrupt increases in sympathetic nervous activity which may potentiate ventricular fibrillation and sudden death, and in long-term myocardial performance of the failing heart.4 Dose and Cost The initial dose of bisoprolol is 1.25mg dail ...
Medications, Herbal Supplements & Diet
Medications, Herbal Supplements & Diet

... • Health professions must understand mechanism of action of drugs & diet-drug interactions for identification &/or prevention Nutrition & Diet Therapy (7th Edition) ...
LSD LSD comes in liquid form and is applied to paper or pills and
LSD LSD comes in liquid form and is applied to paper or pills and

... (masculine, i.e., aggressiveness, deep voice). Steroids are most often used by athletes seeking an edge over the competition. Others may use it for cosmetic reasons: to gain the "perfect" look. National survey results indicate that many adolescents and young adults illegally use or have used anaboli ...
Appendix J
Appendix J

... The investigation will be conducted under a valid IND number provided by the sponsor, CRO or FDA (Provide a copy of the FDA determination letter if available. Acknowledgement Evidence of the IND number on the Master Protocol serves as a protocol – specific reference and is acceptable evidence of the ...
Notes from Round Table 35 January 27, 2016
Notes from Round Table 35 January 27, 2016

... A FDA participant mentioned that the Toxicology Reviewers are likely to look closely at what is going on in clinical studies throughout industry. o For example, they could request a study to start at a lower dose because what they have seen on other programs. For drugs with highly active payloads, r ...
Statement bv the American Medical Women’s
Statement bv the American Medical Women’s

... over-the-counter drug product use may not always be apparent to patients, especially drug products used for conditions without active and current symptoms that respond acutely to the use of the over-the-counter drug products. We recognize that patients may more easily self-monitor efficacy of drug ...
Guidelines for the Use of Taxotere in Mice (per ULAM) 1.0 Purpose
Guidelines for the Use of Taxotere in Mice (per ULAM) 1.0 Purpose

... chemotherapy treatments) the mice should be moved to a clean cage without a green label. 4.3 When a green labeled cage is emptied of mice, place all caging (including bedding) into a plastic bag on the floor inside the animal cubicle. ULAM staff will discard the bedding and sterilize the caging in a ...
niLOtinib Monograph
niLOtinib Monograph

... (T315I mutant excepted). Other targets include c-Kit and platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). ...
Rapid Opiate Detox - Said Said Elshama 2
Rapid Opiate Detox - Said Said Elshama 2

...  Addiction : continuous taking of medication and physical dependent upon the drug.  The brain respond to the pain medicine by increasing number of receptors for the drug.  Nerve cells in the brain stop to function normally.  The body stops producing endorphins (natural painkillers) because it is ...
< 1 ... 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 ... 584 >

Pharmacokinetics



Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report