Stability of extemporaneous enalapril maleate suspensions
... occurred in any of the samples both at 25OC and 4OC (Table 2). The pH examination of all formulations stored at 25O and 4OC showed only less than 0.1 pH unit change throughout the study. The data in Table 2 showed that enalapril maleate pH is stable after one month storage. Viscosity was measured in ...
... occurred in any of the samples both at 25OC and 4OC (Table 2). The pH examination of all formulations stored at 25O and 4OC showed only less than 0.1 pH unit change throughout the study. The data in Table 2 showed that enalapril maleate pH is stable after one month storage. Viscosity was measured in ...
Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus
... the other hand, may depend on genetic susceptibility, the patient’s overall health, any concurrent illness including that for which the drug is being used to treat, interaction with other drugs, foods, environmental factors such as sunlight or even physical activity or inactivity. Allergic reactions ...
... the other hand, may depend on genetic susceptibility, the patient’s overall health, any concurrent illness including that for which the drug is being used to treat, interaction with other drugs, foods, environmental factors such as sunlight or even physical activity or inactivity. Allergic reactions ...
(By authority conferred on the board of pharmacy by sections... and 7217 of 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.7201, 333.7204, 333.7211,... DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS
... (c) "Department" means the department of community health. (d) "Electronic signature" means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record. An electronic signature also is a unique ident ...
... (c) "Department" means the department of community health. (d) "Electronic signature" means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record. An electronic signature also is a unique ident ...
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH UNIPHYL Theophylline Sustained
... Although Uniphyl® (theophylline sustained release tablets) have pharmacokinetic properties similar to other sustained release theophylline formulations, it is not possible to ensure interchangeability between different formulations. Careful clinical monitoring is required when changing from one form ...
... Although Uniphyl® (theophylline sustained release tablets) have pharmacokinetic properties similar to other sustained release theophylline formulations, it is not possible to ensure interchangeability between different formulations. Careful clinical monitoring is required when changing from one form ...
annual review 2011
... In the pharmaceutical business segment, sales increased 0.8% year on year, to ¥75,642 million. While sales of our major products Epadel, a treatment for hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis obliterans, and Atelec®, a long-acting calcium channel blocker antihypertensive agent, declined as a result of ...
... In the pharmaceutical business segment, sales increased 0.8% year on year, to ¥75,642 million. While sales of our major products Epadel, a treatment for hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis obliterans, and Atelec®, a long-acting calcium channel blocker antihypertensive agent, declined as a result of ...
prevpac - Takeda
... Distribution: Lansoprazole is 97% bound to plasma proteins. Plasma protein binding is constant over the concentration range of 0.05 to 5.0 mcg/mL. Metabolism: Lansoprazole is extensively metabolized in the liver. Two metabolites have been identified in measurable quantities in plasma (the hydroxylat ...
... Distribution: Lansoprazole is 97% bound to plasma proteins. Plasma protein binding is constant over the concentration range of 0.05 to 5.0 mcg/mL. Metabolism: Lansoprazole is extensively metabolized in the liver. Two metabolites have been identified in measurable quantities in plasma (the hydroxylat ...
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and morphine
... as medication for several centuries in different parts of the world such as India, China, Spain, Italy, Greece, and in Iran. The stigmas of saffron used as a flavoring spice in the cooking, in different parts of the world. The main active constituents of this plant are crocin, crocetin, safranal, an ...
... as medication for several centuries in different parts of the world such as India, China, Spain, Italy, Greece, and in Iran. The stigmas of saffron used as a flavoring spice in the cooking, in different parts of the world. The main active constituents of this plant are crocin, crocetin, safranal, an ...
Ulipristal acetate - Therapeutic Goods Administration
... Study HRA2914-512 investigated the effect of food on the commercial tablet from the Cenexi site. Food increased the time to reach maximum plasma concentration following drug administration (Tmax) from ¾ h to 3 h, reduced Cmax by ~40%, and increased AUC by ~25%. This was bought to the attention of th ...
... Study HRA2914-512 investigated the effect of food on the commercial tablet from the Cenexi site. Food increased the time to reach maximum plasma concentration following drug administration (Tmax) from ¾ h to 3 h, reduced Cmax by ~40%, and increased AUC by ~25%. This was bought to the attention of th ...
TRIDURAL Product Monograph
... under careful medical supervision at the lowest effective dose. When large doses of tramadol are administered with anesthetic medications or alcohol, respiratory depression may result. Respiratory depression should be treated as an overdose. If naloxone is to be administered, use cautiously because ...
... under careful medical supervision at the lowest effective dose. When large doses of tramadol are administered with anesthetic medications or alcohol, respiratory depression may result. Respiratory depression should be treated as an overdose. If naloxone is to be administered, use cautiously because ...
Increased risk of atherothrombotic events associated with
... days, we performed the same experiment but with a pretreatment of 200 mg of itraconazole (Sporanox cap; Janssen Korea) for 4 days to assess the effect of CYP3A5 genotype on the antiplatelet efficacy of clopidogrel. Itraconazole is a well-known CYP3A inhibitor and has been frequently used in pharmaco ...
... days, we performed the same experiment but with a pretreatment of 200 mg of itraconazole (Sporanox cap; Janssen Korea) for 4 days to assess the effect of CYP3A5 genotype on the antiplatelet efficacy of clopidogrel. Itraconazole is a well-known CYP3A inhibitor and has been frequently used in pharmaco ...
GP/Locum Drug List – 5 May 2013
... Atarax (hydroxyzine) 10mg Atarax (hydroxyzine) 25mg Piriton (chlorpheniramine) 4mg Clarinase (loratadine 5mg/pseudoephedrine 120mg) Loratadine 10mg Rhiniramine SR (dexchlorpheniramine) 6mg Fenfedrin (chlorpheniramine 4mg/pseudoephedrine 60mg) Telfast (fenofexadine) 180mg ...
... Atarax (hydroxyzine) 10mg Atarax (hydroxyzine) 25mg Piriton (chlorpheniramine) 4mg Clarinase (loratadine 5mg/pseudoephedrine 120mg) Loratadine 10mg Rhiniramine SR (dexchlorpheniramine) 6mg Fenfedrin (chlorpheniramine 4mg/pseudoephedrine 60mg) Telfast (fenofexadine) 180mg ...
Chapter 4 MEMBRANE TRANSPORT OF OPIOIDS: RELATIVE
... of the time course of drug effects under physiological and pathological conditions (Breimer & Danhof 1997). At present there is a clear trend towards the development and application of mechanism-based PK-PD models. Mechanism-based PK-PD models differ from empirical descriptive models in that they co ...
... of the time course of drug effects under physiological and pathological conditions (Breimer & Danhof 1997). At present there is a clear trend towards the development and application of mechanism-based PK-PD models. Mechanism-based PK-PD models differ from empirical descriptive models in that they co ...
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH OFLOXACIN TABLETS 200, 300 and 400 mg
... The potential for interaction between ofloxacin and cimetidine had not been studied. ...
... The potential for interaction between ofloxacin and cimetidine had not been studied. ...
EBOLA and FDA: reviewing the response to the 2014 outbreak, to
... emerging and re-emerging conditions—like Zika virus—for which diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic interventions are inadequate. I. EVD AND THE 2014 OUTBRE AK This section offers general background on EVD, on the 2014 West African outbreak, and on the interventions available at the time of the ...
... emerging and re-emerging conditions—like Zika virus—for which diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic interventions are inadequate. I. EVD AND THE 2014 OUTBRE AK This section offers general background on EVD, on the 2014 West African outbreak, and on the interventions available at the time of the ...
The effect of anticholinergic drugs on the
... was a considerable drop in mucoprotein concentration and a slight rise in mucoproteose concentration. Except in the 80-minute specimen there was no drop in volume after Banthine in their studies, meaning that an adequate dose of the anticholinergic drug was not used. Their experimental design did no ...
... was a considerable drop in mucoprotein concentration and a slight rise in mucoproteose concentration. Except in the 80-minute specimen there was no drop in volume after Banthine in their studies, meaning that an adequate dose of the anticholinergic drug was not used. Their experimental design did no ...
Activity and Enzyme Kinetics of Human UDP
... moiety from the cosubstrate, UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA), to nucleophilic groups of small organic molecules, such as hydroxyl, carboxylic, or amino group. The conjugation of these molecules with polar glucuronic acid usually diminishes their pharmacodynamic activity, promotes aqueous solubility and ...
... moiety from the cosubstrate, UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA), to nucleophilic groups of small organic molecules, such as hydroxyl, carboxylic, or amino group. The conjugation of these molecules with polar glucuronic acid usually diminishes their pharmacodynamic activity, promotes aqueous solubility and ...
Drug-induced oral lichenoid reactions. A literature review
... The term “histologically compatible with” is to be used in application to all histopathological findings less clearly compliant with the mentioned criteria. Final diagnosis of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: The clinical and histopathological criteria must be included in order to esta ...
... The term “histologically compatible with” is to be used in application to all histopathological findings less clearly compliant with the mentioned criteria. Final diagnosis of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: The clinical and histopathological criteria must be included in order to esta ...
Extract from the Clinical Evaluation Report for Ceftobiprole
... with medicines or medical devices. TGA investigates reports received by it to determine any necessary regulatory action. ...
... with medicines or medical devices. TGA investigates reports received by it to determine any necessary regulatory action. ...
GPAT 2010 Question Paper
... (C) Duboisia myoporoides (D) Lobelia inflata Ans. Q.56 Guggul lipids are obtained from (A) Commiphora molmol (B) Boswellia serrata (C) Commiphora wightii (D) Commiphora abyssinica Ans. Q.57 An example of N-glycoside is (A) Adenosine (B) Sinigrin (C) Rhein-8-glucoside (D) Aloin Ans. Q.58 One mg of Ly ...
... (C) Duboisia myoporoides (D) Lobelia inflata Ans. Q.56 Guggul lipids are obtained from (A) Commiphora molmol (B) Boswellia serrata (C) Commiphora wightii (D) Commiphora abyssinica Ans. Q.57 An example of N-glycoside is (A) Adenosine (B) Sinigrin (C) Rhein-8-glucoside (D) Aloin Ans. Q.58 One mg of Ly ...
Cobicistat / Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Emtricitabine / Elvitegravir
... virology summary to demonstrate its efficacy, with typical concentration that results in 50% inhibition (IC50) values of approximately 0.1-1.3 nM. The main human metabolites M1 and M4 were also active, although less potent than the parent drug (approximately 7 to 10 times in one study, in terms of I ...
... virology summary to demonstrate its efficacy, with typical concentration that results in 50% inhibition (IC50) values of approximately 0.1-1.3 nM. The main human metabolites M1 and M4 were also active, although less potent than the parent drug (approximately 7 to 10 times in one study, in terms of I ...
Reconsidering GHB: orphan drug or new model antidepressant?
... been postulated, as GHB was shown to reduce the harmful effects of hypoxia and oxidative stress on various tissues in vitro and in vivo (e.g. heart, skeletal muscle, pancreatic β cells, lung, liver, gut, kidney and brain) (for review see Mamelak, 2007). However, later studies also showed induction o ...
... been postulated, as GHB was shown to reduce the harmful effects of hypoxia and oxidative stress on various tissues in vitro and in vivo (e.g. heart, skeletal muscle, pancreatic β cells, lung, liver, gut, kidney and brain) (for review see Mamelak, 2007). However, later studies also showed induction o ...
1.1. Tamsulosin and visual disturbances Introduction
... A study investigating the effects of two alpha 1-adrenergic blockers, tamsulosin and alfuzosin, on pupil diameter (PD) found that with tamsulosin treatment, both mesopic (the size of the pupil of the eye under medium light conditions for example in daylight) and scotopic (the size a patient's pupils ...
... A study investigating the effects of two alpha 1-adrenergic blockers, tamsulosin and alfuzosin, on pupil diameter (PD) found that with tamsulosin treatment, both mesopic (the size of the pupil of the eye under medium light conditions for example in daylight) and scotopic (the size a patient's pupils ...
Nancy Caroline`s Emergency Care in the Streets, Seventh Edition
... a. This is an abnormal or harmful effect to an organism caused by exposure to a chemical. b. It is indicated by some result such as death, a change in food or water consumption, altered body and organ weights, altered enzyme levels, or visible illness. c. An effect may be classed as adverse if it: i ...
... a. This is an abnormal or harmful effect to an organism caused by exposure to a chemical. b. It is indicated by some result such as death, a change in food or water consumption, altered body and organ weights, altered enzyme levels, or visible illness. c. An effect may be classed as adverse if it: i ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.