partial
... • Caused by a group of hyperactive neurons exhibiting abnormal electrical activity, which are confined to a single locus in the brain • The electrical discharge does not spread, and the patient does not lose consciousness • The patient often exhibits abnormal activity of a single limb or muscle grou ...
... • Caused by a group of hyperactive neurons exhibiting abnormal electrical activity, which are confined to a single locus in the brain • The electrical discharge does not spread, and the patient does not lose consciousness • The patient often exhibits abnormal activity of a single limb or muscle grou ...
Some drugs can cause taste disturbances
... inhibiting calcium channel activity at taste receptors. Many anti-infectives slow cell turnover...possibly affecting rapidly dividing taste buds. Foods often taste bland. Metronidazole and clarithromycin can also cause a metallic taste. Antineoplastics (drugs used for cancer or rheumatoid arthritis ...
... inhibiting calcium channel activity at taste receptors. Many anti-infectives slow cell turnover...possibly affecting rapidly dividing taste buds. Foods often taste bland. Metronidazole and clarithromycin can also cause a metallic taste. Antineoplastics (drugs used for cancer or rheumatoid arthritis ...
Prazole Capsule - Renata Limited
... the stimulus. After oral administration, the onset of the antisecretory effect of Omeprazole (Prazole®) occurs within one hour, with the maximum effect occurring within two hours. Inhibition of recreation is about 50% of maximum at 24 hours and the duration of inhibition lasts upto 72 hours. Omepraz ...
... the stimulus. After oral administration, the onset of the antisecretory effect of Omeprazole (Prazole®) occurs within one hour, with the maximum effect occurring within two hours. Inhibition of recreation is about 50% of maximum at 24 hours and the duration of inhibition lasts upto 72 hours. Omepraz ...
Guideline on the investigation of drug interactions - EMA
... Pharmacodynamic interactions may be caused by a large variety of mechanisms. It is therefore not possible to give detailed guidance for pharmacodynamic interaction studies. The studies needed should be determined on a case-by-case basis. The potential for pharmacodynamic interactions should be consi ...
... Pharmacodynamic interactions may be caused by a large variety of mechanisms. It is therefore not possible to give detailed guidance for pharmacodynamic interaction studies. The studies needed should be determined on a case-by-case basis. The potential for pharmacodynamic interactions should be consi ...
Frequently Asked Questions: Opiate Dependency and Methadone
... R.C. Baselt: Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, Fifth Edition 2000 The detection period is very much dose and half-life dependent. The larger the dose, the longer the period the drug/metabolite can be detected in the urine. Opiates may be positive for up to 2 weeks after last use with ...
... R.C. Baselt: Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, Fifth Edition 2000 The detection period is very much dose and half-life dependent. The larger the dose, the longer the period the drug/metabolite can be detected in the urine. Opiates may be positive for up to 2 weeks after last use with ...
Prior Authorization Form - TennCare Pharmacy Program
... agreement. The Bureau covers such bulk chemical supplies only as specifically approved by the department. ...
... agreement. The Bureau covers such bulk chemical supplies only as specifically approved by the department. ...
Preliminary Study of Blood Pressure Lowering Effect of Anredera
... reduce increasing in adrenalin-induced heart rate. This result similar with administration of EEBL. Moreover, EEBL gave lower increasing in heart rate than atenolol group (standard group) and adrenalin group (positive control group). Based on this result, it can be suggested that EEBL can reduce the ...
... reduce increasing in adrenalin-induced heart rate. This result similar with administration of EEBL. Moreover, EEBL gave lower increasing in heart rate than atenolol group (standard group) and adrenalin group (positive control group). Based on this result, it can be suggested that EEBL can reduce the ...
(1)Simple partial seizures 单纯局限性发作
... a.block voltage-sensitive (usedependent effect) Na+ channel b.block voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel ...
... a.block voltage-sensitive (usedependent effect) Na+ channel b.block voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel ...
Sublimaze® CII (fentanyl citrate injection) - Akorn
... minutes. The usual duration of action of the analgesic effect is 30 to 60 minutes after a single intravenous dose of up to 100 mcg (0.1 mg) (2.0 mL). Following intramuscular administration, the onset of action is from seven to eight minutes, and the duration of action is one to two hours. As with lo ...
... minutes. The usual duration of action of the analgesic effect is 30 to 60 minutes after a single intravenous dose of up to 100 mcg (0.1 mg) (2.0 mL). Following intramuscular administration, the onset of action is from seven to eight minutes, and the duration of action is one to two hours. As with lo ...
Current Drugs for Antimalarial Chemoprophylaxis: A Review of
... Africa 78%).25 A study of 100 Spanish travelers showed that 44% did not use any malaria chemoprophylaxis, 27% defaulted from the recommended regimen, and 39% employed self-treatment.5 Several case-control studies have identified a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of malaria as a consequence of noncomplia ...
... Africa 78%).25 A study of 100 Spanish travelers showed that 44% did not use any malaria chemoprophylaxis, 27% defaulted from the recommended regimen, and 39% employed self-treatment.5 Several case-control studies have identified a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of malaria as a consequence of noncomplia ...
Poison
... basis for toxicity, the excreted substances are known as biological toxins. The organisms in this case are referred to as toxic organisms. An example is tetanus toxin ...
... basis for toxicity, the excreted substances are known as biological toxins. The organisms in this case are referred to as toxic organisms. An example is tetanus toxin ...
Document
... hoarse voice, dilated pupils and photophobia and tachycardia. From the anamnesis it is known that the child has eaten some berries with dark-violet colour. Indicate an alkaloid which caused this poisoning A. *Atropine B. Pirenzepine C. Ipratropium bromide D. Plathyphylline E. Methacinum 8. In order ...
... hoarse voice, dilated pupils and photophobia and tachycardia. From the anamnesis it is known that the child has eaten some berries with dark-violet colour. Indicate an alkaloid which caused this poisoning A. *Atropine B. Pirenzepine C. Ipratropium bromide D. Plathyphylline E. Methacinum 8. In order ...
Enzymes
... - target efforts on analogues and cut down the number of analogues which have to be made. - if an analogue is discovered which does not fit the equation, it implies that some other feature is important and provides a lead for further development. ...
... - target efforts on analogues and cut down the number of analogues which have to be made. - if an analogue is discovered which does not fit the equation, it implies that some other feature is important and provides a lead for further development. ...
Antibiotic Use in Agriculture: Background and Legislation CRS Report for Congress
... antibiotic.” Finally, “antibiotics are commonly given in the feed at low doses for long periods to promote the growth of cattle, poultry, and swine. In the 1950s studies showed that animals given low doses of antibiotics gained more weight for a given amount of feed than untreated animals. Exactly h ...
... antibiotic.” Finally, “antibiotics are commonly given in the feed at low doses for long periods to promote the growth of cattle, poultry, and swine. In the 1950s studies showed that animals given low doses of antibiotics gained more weight for a given amount of feed than untreated animals. Exactly h ...
Principles of early drug discovery
... efficacy in the disease state. It is this series of activities that are the subject of intense activity within the pharmaceutical industry and increasingly within academia to identify candidate molecules for clinical development. Pharmaceutical companies have built large organizations with the objec ...
... efficacy in the disease state. It is this series of activities that are the subject of intense activity within the pharmaceutical industry and increasingly within academia to identify candidate molecules for clinical development. Pharmaceutical companies have built large organizations with the objec ...
Breakdown of the Blood-Ocular Barrier as a Strategy for the
... formulations for topical applications seem to be promising, but one of the major disadvantages of micellar formation is the demicellization that happens as a result of dilution upon injection in vivo [29]. Macromolecules in nanometer dimensions, when present in solution, including virtually any drug ...
... formulations for topical applications seem to be promising, but one of the major disadvantages of micellar formation is the demicellization that happens as a result of dilution upon injection in vivo [29]. Macromolecules in nanometer dimensions, when present in solution, including virtually any drug ...
Pharmacology - premedication
... Respiratory effects include decreased respiratory rate, with a variable effect on tidal volume, but at clinically useful dose it is of minor concern. Other effects of clinical importance are increasing blood glucose level, decreasing intestinal motility, increasing urine production, increasing uteri ...
... Respiratory effects include decreased respiratory rate, with a variable effect on tidal volume, but at clinically useful dose it is of minor concern. Other effects of clinical importance are increasing blood glucose level, decreasing intestinal motility, increasing urine production, increasing uteri ...
STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF
... Ruggedness of the developed method was established by two different analysts, who assayed the formulations, using similar operational and environmental conditions. The results are summarized Table 4. ...
... Ruggedness of the developed method was established by two different analysts, who assayed the formulations, using similar operational and environmental conditions. The results are summarized Table 4. ...
... antibacterial activity.[1] Once the drug concentration is higher than the MIC of the organism, the rate and extent of microbial killing depend on the time of exposure. Higher concentrations do not kill bacteria faster. The pharmacology of antibiotic therapy can be divided into two major components: ...
Phenobarbital (Phenobarbitone) 2016
... Morphine, fentanyl, midazolam and other CNS depressants may have an additive effect with phenobarbital in causing respiratory depression. Consider starting phenobarbital at the lower end of the dose range in these patients. Blood concentrations of digoxin, metronidazole, corticosteroids (e.g. betame ...
... Morphine, fentanyl, midazolam and other CNS depressants may have an additive effect with phenobarbital in causing respiratory depression. Consider starting phenobarbital at the lower end of the dose range in these patients. Blood concentrations of digoxin, metronidazole, corticosteroids (e.g. betame ...
Review on Prodrugs
... also decrease systemic and/or unwanted tissue/organspecific toxicity (T). Development of a prodrug with improved properties may also represent a life-cycle management opportunity. Unfortunately, the general opinion among scientists still is that prodrugs are “an act of desperation”; they are conside ...
... also decrease systemic and/or unwanted tissue/organspecific toxicity (T). Development of a prodrug with improved properties may also represent a life-cycle management opportunity. Unfortunately, the general opinion among scientists still is that prodrugs are “an act of desperation”; they are conside ...
An approach to bypass the blood brain barrier
... altering the barrier integrity, carrier-mediated transport, invasive techniques, etc. However, opening the barrier by such means allows entry of toxins and undesirable molecules to the CNS, resulting in potentially significant damage. An attempt to overcome the barrier in vivo has focused on bypassi ...
... altering the barrier integrity, carrier-mediated transport, invasive techniques, etc. However, opening the barrier by such means allows entry of toxins and undesirable molecules to the CNS, resulting in potentially significant damage. An attempt to overcome the barrier in vivo has focused on bypassi ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.